CN111170784A - Preparation and application method of amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation and application method of amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111170784A CN111170784A CN201911409362.5A CN201911409362A CN111170784A CN 111170784 A CN111170784 A CN 111170784A CN 201911409362 A CN201911409362 A CN 201911409362A CN 111170784 A CN111170784 A CN 111170784A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of amino acid chelated selenium, which comprises the steps of carrying out ultrafine powder treatment on a selenium raw material purified from minerals, a potassium raw material and a nitrogen raw material, carrying out biological fermentation and extraction on glutamic acid, concentrating to obtain a compound amino acid liquid, carrying out chelation reaction, and adding a suspending agent, a penetrating agent and an antioxidant for emulsification treatment to obtain the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer capable of being efficiently absorbed by crops. The compound amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer produced by the technology has the advantages of stable physicochemical property, no ion antagonism, uniform leaf surface attachment, high absorption and utilization rate, no toxic phenomenon to crops, direct leaf surface absorption and rapid transformation in plants. The invention also provides an application method of the compound amino acid chelated selenium. According to scientific calculation, the crops can reach the selenium-rich level required by national standards, scientific selenium enrichment, index control, safety and effectiveness can be achieved, and the development cost of the selenium-rich crops is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of selenium-containing functional fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method and an application method of an amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer.
Background
At present, the supplement approaches of selenium element comprise medicines, selenium nutrition enhancers, selenium-enriched foods and the like, wherein the selenium-enriched foods are most direct and convenient. The standards of the scientific content of selenium in human bodies in China comprise minimum selenium demand (17 mu g/d), physiological selenium demand (40 mu g/d), dietary selenium supply (50-250 mu g/d), the highest safe dietary selenium intake (400 mu g/d) and the limit of selenium poisoning limit (800 mu g/d) of human bodies, and are approved and adopted by the world food and agriculture organization, the world health organization and the international atomic energy organization. The development of selenium-rich agricultural products provides an effective selenium supplement measure for selenium-deficient areas and selenium-deficient resident groups, and has positive effects on the society. However, during the development of selenium-rich agricultural products, attention must be paid to selenium poisoning, and the selenium content of the selenium-rich agricultural products must meet the requirements of relevant national standards. The absorption, metabolism and biological efficacy of selenium element in selenium-rich food are closely related to their forms. Inorganic selenium existing in the form of selenate and selenite and organic selenium existing in the form of complex such as methyl selenide, seleno amino acid, selenoprotein, selenium polysaccharide and the like are 2 forms of selenium element, and compared with the former, the latter has low toxicity and high absorption and bioavailability. Meanwhile, the combination of selenium and functional macromolecular substances can generate synergistic effect in the aspects of biological activities such as oxidation resistance, tumor resistance and the like, and meet the diversified nutritional requirements of human bodies.
The selenium absorption of plants is mainly carried out on roots and leaves, and the absorption is mainly carried out in the forms of tetravalent selenium and hexavalent selenium. Arvy (1993) discovered through hydroponic experiments that plants absorbed hexavalent selenium in an actively energy-consuming form, but tetravalent selenium was in a passive absorption form without energy consumption. Selenium in the plant body is absorbed and enters from the soil mainly through a root system, namely the selenium in the soil is a main source of the plant selenium, and the selenium absorbed and enriched by the plant has a direct relation with the soil property and the abundance and the form of the selenium in the soil. Soil p H, redox status, organic matter, texture, and type of slime all affect the form and content of selenium in the soil. In acid soil, selenium usually exists in the form of indissolvable iron selenite and is not easily absorbed by plants; in alkaline soil, selenium can be oxidized into selenate ions to be dissolved in water, is easy to be absorbed by plants and is easy to be leached by water. The existing form of selenium also influences the absorption of plants, simple substance selenium is not easy to be absorbed by the plants, the plants mainly absorb selenium compounds, and hexavalent selenium is easier to be absorbed and transported by the plants than tetravalent selenium. Because the chemical properties of selenium, phosphorus and sulfur are similar, the content and the form of phosphorus and sulfur in soil also directly influence the absorption of plants on selenium, so the problem of compatibility is mainly solved when the selenium-containing fertilizer is designed, and the phosphorus and sulfur elements and the selenium element are prevented from competing for absorption sites to form ion antagonism. In addition, the leaf age, leaf area index, light intensity, temperature, etc. of the plant also affect the absorption of selenium by the plant.
The selenium-rich level of the plants is determined to be rhizome and bulb crops, field crops, leaf vegetable crops, seed vegetable crops, vegetable and fruit crops and fruit trees, wherein the selenium-rich capability of the field crops is that the rice is rye grass beans in cruciferae, the rice is the strongest in selenium accumulation by wheat, and the contents of broad beans, peas, corns and sweet potatoes are determined.
Research shows that the selenium-containing fertilizers in the current market mainly comprise two categories of leaf fertilizers and compound fertilizers, are limited by using methods and production methods, and have a plurality of defects. On one hand, no corresponding use method is provided for guidance, scientific selenium enrichment is ensured, and the phenomena of blind use and excessive use exist, so that selenium is excessive or selenium is wasted; on the other hand, the phenomenon of mixing various elements exists, so that ion antagonism exists, the effectiveness of the selenium element is reduced, and the absorption utilization rate is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a compound amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer, which solves the problems of high cost, low utilization rate and instability of the current selenium-rich fertilizer product. The amino acid chelated selenium prepared by the method has high chelating degree and stable physicochemical property, and crops can be directly absorbed and transformed through leaf surfaces or rhizosphere, so that the absorption and transformation rate is high.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the amino acid chelated nano selenium fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing superfine raw material powder: superfine processing selenium raw material, potassium raw material and nitrogen raw material by a fluidized bed air flow pump to prepare raw material powder, wherein the operating condition of the fluidized bed air flow pump is 0.75-0.85Mpa, and the particle diameter of the prepared superfine raw material powder is 5-40 mu m; the selenium raw material is one or more of sodium selenite and sodium selenate, the potassium raw material is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium sulfite and potassium carbonate, and the nitrogen raw material is one or more of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium molybdate, urea and ammonia water; according to the weight ratio, the selenium raw material is 20-120 parts, the nitrogen raw material is 150-750 parts, and the potassium raw material is 150-500 parts.
2, chelating, namely mixing the superfine raw material powder prepared in the step and a composite amino acid solution in a reaction kettle, fully shearing and chelating under the action of a high-speed shearing machine to generate amino acid chelated selenium, wherein the rotating speed of the shearing machine is 1000-3000r/min, the added composite amino acid solution is derived from a concentrate (the total amino acid content is 12-16%, rho =1.25 g/ml) obtained after the corynebacterium glutamicum is biologically fermented to extract glutamic acid, the chelating time is 30-60min, and the chelating temperature is 45-75 ℃; the weight ratio of the composite amino acid liquid to the superfine raw material powder is 1:1-3: 1.
And 3, preparing a chelated suspension, adding a suspending agent into the amino acid chelated selenium prepared in the step, and then shearing and mixing to generate the amino acid chelated selenium suspension, wherein the suspending agent is one or more of xanthan gum, activated carbon, attapulgite, magnesium aluminum silicate, montmorillonite, white carbon black, polyvinyl alcohol and modified starch, the adding amount is 0.3-1.5 parts, and the shearing and mixing time is 10-40 min.
Adding an auxiliary agent, namely adding a penetrant and an antioxidant into the amino acid chelated selenium suspension prepared in the step, stirring and mixing, and performing circulating emulsification treatment through a reflux emulsification pump to prepare the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer; the penetrant is one or more of organosilicon, azone, and betaine, the antioxidant is one or more of vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium sulfite, sodium pyrosulfite, lauryl gallate, and peanut shell polyphenol, and the circulating emulsification time is 10-45 min; 0.1-2.0 parts of penetrating agent and 0.1-3.0 parts of antioxidant.
The obtained amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer is brown suspension liquid.
When in use, the fertilizer is diluted by 500 to 1000 times with water and sprayed on the leaves; during the use period, the gramineous grain crops are in the flowering-filling period, the leaf vegetables are in the vigorous growth period, and the root tuber and tuber of the melon and fruit are in the fruit expansion period.
The Se of the invention is more than or equal to 20g/L, the N is more than or equal to 320g/L, the P2O5 is more than or equal to 37g/L, and the K2O is more than or equal to 143 g/L.
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FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing selenium amino acid chelate; FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the application method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
And (2) performing superfine processing on 20 parts of selenium raw material, 150 parts of nitrogen raw material and 150 parts of potassium raw material by a fluidized bed air flow pump according to the weight ratio to prepare raw material powder, wherein the operating condition of the fluidized bed air flow pump is 0.75-0.85Mpa, and the particle diameter of the prepared superfine raw material powder is 5 mu m. Mixing the prepared superfine raw material powder and the composite amino acid liquid in a weight ratio of 1:1 in a reaction kettle, and fully shearing and chelating under the action of a high-speed shearing machine to generate amino acid chelated selenium, wherein the rotating speed of the shearing machine is 1000r/min, the chelating time is 30min, and the chelating temperature is 45 ℃. Adding 0.3 part of suspending agent into the prepared amino acid chelated selenium, and then shearing and mixing to generate the amino acid chelated selenium suspension, wherein the shearing and mixing time is 10 min. And adding 0.1 part of penetrant and 0.1 part of antioxidant into the prepared amino acid chelated selenium suspension, stirring and mixing, and performing circulating emulsification treatment through a reflux emulsification pump to prepare the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer, wherein the circulating emulsification time is 10 min. Finally, a brown suspension is obtained.
Example 2
80 parts of selenium raw material, 300 parts of nitrogen raw material and 200 parts of potassium raw material are subjected to superfine processing through a fluidized bed air flow pump according to the weight ratio to prepare raw material powder, the operating condition of the fluidized bed air flow pump is 0.75-0.85Mpa, and the particle diameter of the prepared superfine raw material powder is 10 mu m. Mixing the prepared superfine raw material powder and the composite amino acid liquid in a weight ratio of 1:1 in a reaction kettle, and fully shearing and chelating under the action of a high-speed shearing machine to generate amino acid chelated selenium, wherein the rotating speed of the shearing machine is 2000r/min, the chelating time is 40min, and the chelating temperature is 55 ℃. Adding 0.8 part of suspending agent into the prepared selenium amino acid chelate, and then shearing and mixing to generate selenium amino acid chelate suspension, wherein the shearing and mixing time is 20 min. And adding 0.8 part of penetrating agent and 0.8 part of antioxidant into the prepared amino acid chelated selenium suspension, stirring and mixing, and performing circulating emulsification treatment through a reflux emulsification pump to prepare the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer, wherein the circulating emulsification time is 20 min. Finally, a brown suspension is obtained.
Example 3
120 parts of selenium raw material, 750 parts of nitrogen raw material and 500 parts of potassium raw material are subjected to superfine processing through a fluidized bed air flow pump according to the weight ratio to prepare raw material powder, the operating condition of the fluidized bed air flow pump is 0.75-0.85Mpa, and the particle diameter of the prepared superfine raw material powder is 40 mu m. The prepared superfine raw material powder and the composite amino acid liquid are put into a reaction kettle according to the weight ratio of 3:1 to be mixed, and are fully sheared and chelated under the action of a high-speed shearer, so that the amino acid chelated selenium is generated, wherein the rotating speed of the shearer is 3000r/min, the chelating time is 60min, and the chelating temperature is 75 ℃. Adding 1.5 parts of suspending agent into the prepared amino acid chelated selenium, and then shearing and mixing to generate amino acid chelated selenium suspension, wherein the shearing and mixing time is 40 min. And adding 2 parts of penetrant and 3 parts of antioxidant into the prepared amino acid chelated selenium suspension, stirring and mixing, and performing circulating emulsification treatment through a reflux emulsification pump to prepare the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer, wherein the circulating emulsification time is 45 min. Finally, a brown suspension is obtained.
The amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer prepared by the embodiment is used for testing according to the steps shown in the figure 2, and a control group is arranged. Calculating the selenium element conversion rate by using a formula X = [ W · (Tx-To) ]/(Vx C LAI) × 100%, wherein LAI = leaf area index, W = unit target yield (kg/mu), To = background value of selenium content of agricultural products (mg/kg), Tx = selenium treatment content of the agricultural products (mg/kg), C = selenium-rich fertilizer content (mg/ml), Vx = selenium treatment fertilization volume, and X = organic selenium conversion rate.
Control groups 1, 2, 3, 4: spraying sodium selenite on the leaf surfaces of wheat, rice, garlic and potatoes in the key growth stage.
Experimental groups 1, 2, 3, 4: spraying amino acid chelated selenium on the leaf surfaces of wheat, rice, garlic and potatoes in the key growth stage.
And (3) spraying period: 5 days and 20 days after wheat blossom; 5 days and 20 days after rice blossom; 10 days before and 10 days after bolting garlic; the spraying area of the potato is 0.3 mu in 5 days after the potato blossoms and 25 days after the potato blossoms.
The experimental results are as follows: the organic selenium content of the wheat, the rice, the garlic and the potato in the control group and the experimental group is analyzed, and the organic selenium content in the experimental group is obviously increased.
TABLE 1 conversion of selenium by different treatments
The data of the conversion rate of the selenium element obtained through experiments can be used for guiding the production of selenium-rich agricultural products. Calculating the required fertilizer quantity by using a formula V = [ (T-To)/X100% ] × W/C, wherein V = selenium-rich fertilizer application amount (ml/mu), W = target yield (kg/mu), X = organic selenium conversion rate, C = selenium-rich fertilizer content (mg/ml), T = agricultural product control selenium content (mg/kg), and To = agricultural product selenium content background value (mg/kg).
The test practices prove that the selenium crop absorption utilization rate of the product is higher, and the input cost of farmers is lower.
The product, namely the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer, obtained by the invention is high in quality, low in price, good in effect and convenient for large-scale production and intensive use.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing superfine raw material powder, namely performing superfine processing on a selenium raw material, a potassium raw material and a nitrogen raw material through a fluidized bed air flow pump to prepare raw material powder;
2, chelating, namely putting the superfine raw material powder prepared in the step and the composite amino acid solution into a reaction kettle for mixing, and fully shearing and chelating under the action of a high-speed shearing machine to generate amino acid chelated selenium;
step 3, preparing a chelated suspension, adding a suspending agent into the amino acid chelated selenium prepared in the step, and then shearing and mixing to generate the amino acid chelated selenium suspension;
and 4, adding an auxiliary agent, namely adding the amino acid chelated selenium suspension prepared in the step, adding a penetrating agent and an antioxidant, stirring and mixing, and performing circulating emulsification treatment through a reflux emulsification pump to prepare the amino acid chelated selenium leaf fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating conditions of the fluidized bed air flow pump in the step 1 are 0.75-0.85Mpa, and the particle diameter of the prepared superfine raw material powder is 5-40 μm; the selenium raw material is one or more of sodium selenite and sodium selenate, the potassium raw material is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium sulfite and potassium carbonate, and the nitrogen raw material is one or more of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium molybdate, urea and ammonia water; 20-120 parts of selenium raw material, 150-750 parts of nitrogen raw material and 150-500 parts of potassium raw material.
3. The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the shearing machine in the step 2 is 1000-3000r/min, the added compound amino acid solution is derived from the concentrate after the corynebacterium glutamicum biological fermentation extraction of glutamic acid (total amino acid content 12-16%, ρ =1.25 g/ml), the chelation time is 30-60min, and the chelation temperature is 45-75 ℃; the weight ratio of the composite amino acid liquid to the superfine raw material powder is 1:1-3: 1.
4. The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the suspending agent added in the step 3 is one or more of xanthan gum, activated carbon, attapulgite, magnesium aluminum silicate, montmorillonite, white carbon black, polyvinyl alcohol and modified starch, the addition amount is 0.3-1.5 parts, and the shearing and mixing time is 10-40 min.
5. The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the penetrant is one or more of organosilicon, azone and betaine, the antioxidant is one or more of vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, lauryl gallate and peanut shell polyphenol, and the time of circulating emulsification is 10-45 min; 0.1-2.0 parts of penetrating agent and 0.1-3.0 parts of antioxidant.
6. The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the amino acid to the selenium element is 1:1-3: 1.
7. The application method of the amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer is used after being diluted by a factor of 500-1000.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN111732488A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 武汉九道康生物科技有限公司 | Plant selenium-rich, germanium-rich and strontium-rich nutrition enhancer and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112438249A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-05 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Underground optical cable and cable-based pipeline rat repelling system and method |
| CN113213999A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 华强化工集团股份有限公司 | Shrimp-rice mode leaf fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN113396791A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Green selenium-rich bread cassava cultivation method |
| CN113831202A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-24 | 武汉轻工大学 | Nutrient solution and method for increasing content of cardamine violifolia selenocysteine |
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| CN113396791A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Green selenium-rich bread cassava cultivation method |
| CN113831202A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-24 | 武汉轻工大学 | Nutrient solution and method for increasing content of cardamine violifolia selenocysteine |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |