CN111170720A - Method for preparing ceramsite sand by industrial solid waste utilization internal combustion sintering process - Google Patents
Method for preparing ceramsite sand by industrial solid waste utilization internal combustion sintering process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111170720A CN111170720A CN201911393363.5A CN201911393363A CN111170720A CN 111170720 A CN111170720 A CN 111170720A CN 201911393363 A CN201911393363 A CN 201911393363A CN 111170720 A CN111170720 A CN 111170720A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
- C04B33/1322—Red mud
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1328—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/30—Drying methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/95—Products characterised by their size, e.g. microceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of industrial solid wastes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing ceramsite sand by an internal combustion sintering process of industrial solid wastes. The process technical flow comprises the following steps: proportioning, grinding, primary granulation, secondary granulation, drying, material distribution, firing in a continuous sintering furnace, crushing, sand making and screening. The ceramsite sand product produced by the dry granulation internal combustion sintering process has good wear resistance, low water absorption, high strength, low breaking rate and no efflorescence and alkali emission, and can completely replace natural sand and machine-made sand. The method has wide development prospect and application range, can effectively solve the problems of quantitative treatment, environmental pollution, stockpiling and the like of industrial solid wastes, and can effectively make up for the reduction of resource supply of natural river sand; realizes the utilization of resources, changes waste into valuable and creates a green ecological home.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of industrial solid wastes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing ceramsite sand by an internal combustion sintering process of industrial solid wastes.
Background
The red mud is used as the waste of industrial production of alumina, and about 1.5 tons of red mud is synchronously produced when one ton of alumina is produced. China is a big country for producing alumina, red mud discharged every year reaches millions of tons, and because the red mud contains high alkali content and contains a small amount of fluoride, alumina and other metals, the red mud is mostly conveyed by liquid and is stacked by filter pressing. Meanwhile, the iron oxide content is high, the whole body is red, and the pollution harm to soil and environment is large due to high alkalinity. How to recycle the red mud is a difficult problem which puzzles the industry, especially aluminum manufacturing enterprises.
The coal gangue is a solid waste discharged in the coal mining process, and is a black grey rock which is mixed with coal and has lower carbon content and is harder than the coal. The main components are silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, a small amount of ferric oxide, a trace amount of potassium oxide, sodium oxide and the like. Coal gangue which is already stored in China over the years is up to 1000M tons, 100M tons of coal gangue are continuously discharged every year, a large amount of land is occupied by accumulation, spontaneous combustion is easy, a large amount of dust is generated by weathering and crushing, and air and farmland soil are polluted. The main uses of coal gangue are used for producing cement, calcining kaolin and processing and grinding as fillers at present.
The red mud and the coal gangue are cooperatively treated and utilized to produce ceramsite sand instead of natural sandstone, so that the phenomena of short supply of sandstone and exhaustion of sandstone resources can be effectively solved. Is beneficial to protecting rivers, lakes and dams, protecting ecological balance, researching and developing comprehensive utilization of renewable resources (such as waste rocks, tailings, construction waste and the like), is matched with downstream products for construction, and reduces transportation cost and influence on environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for preparing the ceramsite sand by the internal combustion sintering process of industrial solid waste utilization can realize the synergistic treatment of various solid wastes, harmlessly treat harmful components, avoid the pollution to the environment, effectively recycle the red mud and the coal gangue and reduce the waste of resources.
The method for preparing the ceramsite sand by utilizing the internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid wastes comprises the following steps of:
(1) ingredients
The method comprises the following steps of taking red mud and coal gangue as raw materials, wherein the water content of the red mud and the coal gangue is less than 15%, and the coal gangue is hard coal gangue slag with the particle size of less than 10 cm;
(2) grinding
Mixing red mud and coal gangue according to a formula proportion, grinding until the granularity is less than 100 meshes;
(3) granulating
Putting the powder obtained in the step (2) into a continuous granulator for granulation, firstly making master batches, controlling the particle size to be 0.15-0.5mm, and then carrying out secondary granulation on the made master batches by adopting a roller for humidification and powder injection to prepare semi-finished ceramsite with the particle size of 2.5-10 mm;
(4) drying by baking
Putting the semi-finished ceramsite obtained in the step (3) into a rotary dryer, and drying by using the waste heat of a sintering furnace;
(5) cloth material
Adding carbon particles into the dried semi-finished ceramsite, uniformly mixing, and distributing by using a distributor;
(6) firing into
Distributing the semi-finished ceramsite in the distributor in the step (5) into a continuous stepping sintering furnace for sintering;
(7) crushing
And (4) crushing the sintered product obtained in the step (6) by a sand making machine, and then carrying out multilayer screening to obtain ceramsite sand finished products with different particle sizes, wherein the ceramsite sand finished products can be classified and used in different fields.
The mass ratio of the red mud to the coal gangue in the step (1) is 80-60: 20-40.
And (3) grinding in the step (2) by using a vertical mill. The vertical mill has the advantages that hot air can be introduced, and the grinding material is not influenced by the moisture content of below 15 percent in the raw material.
And (4) drying at 200-300 ℃ until the water content of the semi-finished ceramsite is less than or equal to 1%, so that the semi-finished ceramsite is convenient to fire.
In the step (5), carbon granules are properly added according to the proportion of the heat value contained in the total ingredients, preferably, the addition amount of the carbon granules is that the heat value contained in the semi-finished ceramsite and the carbon granule ingredients is 300-600 kcal/kg, and the particle size of the carbon granules is 0.5-3 mm. The added carbon particles can be better combusted to provide sufficient heat
The firing temperature in the step (6) is 1100-1150 ℃, and the firing time is 2-4 h. After firing, the harmful components can be effectively cured to form a ceramic liquid phase, so that the radioactivity is reduced, and the strength of the product is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can effectively recycle the red mud and coal gangue industrial solid wastes and simultaneously reduce the waste of resources.
2. The ceramsite sand product produced by adopting the internal combustion sintering process has good wear resistance, low water absorption, high strength and low breakage rate, does not have the phenomena of efflorescence and alkali emission, can completely replace natural sand and machine-made sand, and has wide development prospect and application range.
3. The method can effectively solve the problems of quantitative treatment, environmental pollution, stockpiling and the like of industrial solid wastes, can effectively make up for the reduction of resource supply of natural river sand, realizes resource utilization, changes waste into valuable, and creates a green ecological home.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The method for preparing the ceramsite sand by utilizing the internal combustion sintering process for the industrial solid wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the raw materials are red mud and coal gangue, and are aired until the water content is less than 15%, and then the raw materials are prepared according to the following mass percentages: 80% of red mud and 20% of coal gangue; then uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
(2) grinding: grinding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) by using a vertical mill, sieving the ground mixed material by using a 100-mesh sieve, wherein the residual sieve is 1.5 wt%, and taking undersize materials to obtain powder;
(3) and (3) granulation: conveying the powder obtained in the step (2) to a semantic continuous granulator for granulation, premixing for 2min, adding water for granulation to obtain granular materials with the water content of 8-10%, sieving the granular materials with a 5-mesh sieve, conveying the granules with different particle sizes into a roller for secondary wet spraying, powder adding and granulation to obtain ceramsite with the diameter of 2.5-5.0mm, and storing for ageing to achieve mixing and homogenization;
(4) drying: sending the ceramsite prepared in the step (3) into a rotary drying kiln for drying, wherein the heat of the drying kiln is derived from the waste heat of a firing kiln, and drying for 1h at the drying temperature of 220 ℃ until the water content of the ceramsite is 1%;
(5) material distribution: adding 3 wt% of carbon particles (with the particle size of 0.5-3mm) into the dried ceramsite obtained in the step (4), uniformly mixing, calculating the heat value of the coal gangue to be 1000 kilocalories, so that the comprehensive heat value of the ceramsite reaches 380 kilocalories when the ceramsite is combusted, and distributing the ceramsite in a sintering furnace;
(6) and (3) firing: and (5) firing the cloth in the step type sintering furnace, wherein the firing temperature is 1100 ℃, the firing time is 2 hours, and the cloth is naturally cooled after firing.
(7) Crushing: and crushing and screening the cooled sintered ceramsite blocks to obtain ceramsite sand products with the diameter of 2.5-5.0 mm.
Example 2
The method for preparing the ceramsite sand by utilizing the internal combustion sintering process for the industrial solid wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the raw materials are red mud and coal gangue, and are aired until the water content is less than 15%, and then the raw materials are prepared according to the following mass percentages: 60% of red mud and 40% of coal gangue; then uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
(2) grinding: grinding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) by using a vertical mill, sieving the ground mixed material by using a 100-mesh sieve, wherein the residual sieve is 1.5 wt%, and taking undersize materials to obtain powder;
(3) and (3) granulation: conveying the powder obtained in the step (2) to a semantic continuous granulator for granulation, premixing for 2min, adding water for granulation to obtain granular materials with the water content of 8-10%, sieving the granular materials with a 5-mesh sieve, conveying the granules with different particle sizes into a roller for secondary wet spraying, powder adding and granulation to obtain ceramsite with the diameter of 2.5-5.0mm, and storing for ageing to achieve mixing and homogenization;
(4) drying: sending the ceramsite prepared in the step (3) into a rotary drying kiln for drying, wherein the heat of the drying kiln is derived from the waste heat of a firing kiln, and drying for 45min at the drying temperature of 300 ℃ until the water content of the ceramsite is 1%;
(5) material distribution: adding 2 wt% of carbon particles (with the particle size of 0.5-3mm) into the dried ceramsite obtained in the step (4), uniformly mixing, calculating the heat value of the coal gangue to be 1000 kilocalories, so that the comprehensive heat value of the ceramsite reaches 520 kilocalories when the ceramsite is combusted, and distributing the ceramsite in a sintering furnace;
(6) and (3) firing: and (5) firing the cloth in the step-by-step sintering furnace, wherein the firing temperature is 1150 ℃, the firing time is 1.5h, and naturally cooling after firing.
(7) Crushing: and crushing and screening the cooled sintered ceramsite blocks to obtain ceramsite sand products with the diameter of 2.5-5.0 mm.
Example 3
The method for preparing the ceramsite sand by utilizing the internal combustion sintering process for the industrial solid wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the raw materials are red mud and coal gangue, and are aired until the water content is less than 15%, and then the raw materials are prepared according to the following mass percentages: 70% of red mud and 30% of coal gangue; then uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
(2) grinding: grinding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) by using a vertical mill, sieving the ground mixed material by using a 100-mesh sieve, wherein the residual sieve is 1.5 wt%, and taking undersize materials to obtain powder;
(3) and (3) granulation: conveying the powder obtained in the step (2) to a semantic continuous granulator for granulation, premixing for 2min, adding water for granulation to obtain granular materials with the water content of 8-10%, sieving the granular materials with a 5-mesh sieve, conveying the granules with different particle sizes into a roller for secondary wet spraying, powder adding and granulation to obtain ceramsite with the diameter of 2.5-5.0mm, and storing for ageing to achieve mixing and homogenization;
(4) drying: sending the ceramsite prepared in the step (3) into a rotary drying kiln for drying, wherein the heat of the drying kiln is derived from the waste heat of a firing kiln, and drying for 50min at the drying temperature of 240 ℃ until the water content of the ceramsite is 1%;
(5) material distribution: adding 5 wt% of carbon particles (with the particle size of 0.5-3mm) into the dried ceramsite obtained in the step (4), uniformly mixing, calculating the heat value of the coal gangue to be 1000 kilocalories, so that the comprehensive heat value of the ceramsite reaches 600 kilocalories when the ceramsite is combusted, and distributing the ceramsite in a sintering furnace;
(6) and (3) firing: and (3) firing the cloth obtained in the step (5) in a stepping sintering furnace, wherein the firing temperature is 1140 ℃, the firing time is 1.5h, and naturally cooling after firing.
(7) Crushing: and crushing and screening the cooled sintered ceramsite blocks to obtain ceramsite sand products with the diameter of 2.5-5.0 mm.
The industrial solid waste red mud and coal gangue materials used in examples 1-3 were subjected to composition analysis, and the analytical data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis of raw Material composition
| Components | SIO2 | Al2O3 | Te2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | IL |
| Red mud | 20.5 | 9.2 | 23.2 | / | 40.6 | 0.24 | / | / | 13.2 |
| Coal gangue | 41.97 | 24.26 | 0.50 | 1.06 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 31.52 |
The ceramsite sand products prepared in examples 1-3 were tested for performance, the test methods and data are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 examples 1-3 ceramsite sand product Properties
The data in table 2 above is based on lightweight aggregate and test method part 2: the light aggregate test method is used for standard detection, and the obtained ceramsite sand product completely meets and exceeds the requirements of national standards.
Of course, the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the embodiments of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples, and equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing ceramsite sand by utilizing an internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) ingredients
The method comprises the following steps of taking red mud and coal gangue as raw materials, wherein the water content of the red mud and the coal gangue is less than 15%, and the coal gangue is hard coal gangue slag with the particle size of less than 10 cm;
(2) grinding
Mixing red mud and coal gangue, grinding the mixture until the granularity of the powder is less than 100 meshes;
(3) granulating
Putting the powder obtained in the step (2) into a continuous granulator for granulation, firstly making master batches, controlling the particle size to be 0.15-0.5mm, and then humidifying the made master batches by using a drum for secondary granulation to prepare semi-finished ceramsite with the particle size of 2.5-10 mm;
(4) drying by baking
Putting the semi-finished ceramsite obtained in the step (3) into a dryer, and drying by using the waste heat of a sintering furnace;
(5) cloth material
Adding carbon particles into the dried semi-finished ceramsite, uniformly mixing, and distributing by using a distributor;
(6) firing into
Distributing the semi-finished ceramsite in the distributor in the step (5) into a continuous stepping sintering furnace for sintering;
(7) crushing
And (4) crushing the sintered product obtained in the step (6) by a sand making machine, and screening to obtain a ceramsite sand finished product.
2. The method for preparing ceramsite sand by using internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the mass ratio of the red mud to the coal gangue in the step (1) is 80-60: 20-40.
3. The method for preparing ceramsite sand by using internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) grinding in the step (2) by using a vertical mill.
4. The method for preparing ceramsite sand by using internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (4) drying at 200-300 ℃ until the water content of the semi-finished ceramsite is less than or equal to 1%.
5. The method for preparing ceramsite sand by using internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the addition amount of the carbon granules in the step (5) is 300-600 kcal/kg of calorific value contained in the semi-finished ceramsite and carbon granule ingredients.
6. The method for preparing ceramsite sand by using internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid waste according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the particle size of the carbon particles in the step (5) is 0.5-3 mm.
7. The method for preparing ceramsite sand by using internal combustion sintering process for industrial solid waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the firing temperature in the step (6) is 1100-1150 ℃, and the firing time is 2-4 h.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112624790A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-04-09 | 河南郑矿机器有限公司 | Ceramsite prepared from coal gangue and preparation method thereof |
| CN113135680A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-20 | 兰州有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Method for producing roadbed base material by using low-calorific-value solid waste |
| CN113526976A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-22 | 成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing ceramsite by utilizing coal gangue and steel slag and ceramsite |
| CN114907140A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-16 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method of coal-based solid waste water-retaining ceramsite with drought resistance for agriculture and forestry |
-
2019
- 2019-12-30 CN CN201911393363.5A patent/CN111170720A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112624790A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-04-09 | 河南郑矿机器有限公司 | Ceramsite prepared from coal gangue and preparation method thereof |
| CN113135680A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-20 | 兰州有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Method for producing roadbed base material by using low-calorific-value solid waste |
| CN113526976A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-22 | 成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing ceramsite by utilizing coal gangue and steel slag and ceramsite |
| CN114907140A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-16 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method of coal-based solid waste water-retaining ceramsite with drought resistance for agriculture and forestry |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |