CN111170582A - Treatment process for standard-reaching discharge and recovery of electroplating wastewater - Google Patents
Treatment process for standard-reaching discharge and recovery of electroplating wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
Abstract
The invention provides a treatment process for standard discharge and recovery of electroplating wastewater treatment, and relates to the field of electroplating wastewater treatment. The treatment process comprises the steps of performing electrocoagulation, treating heavy metal ions and partial organic matters in an inclined plate sedimentation tank I, performing sedimentation treatment and catalytic oxidation on water subjected to electrocoagulation treatment, breaking chemical bonds in the organic matters, performing treatment, performing sedimentation treatment and aerobic biochemical treatment on the water subjected to catalytic oxidation treatment, fully decomposing the organic matters through microorganisms, performing sludge filter pressing treatment, performing classified dehydration treatment on sediments generated by the inclined plate sedimentation tank I, the inclined plate sedimentation tank II and aerobic biochemical treatment, filtering quartz sand, and filtering the water subjected to the aerobic biochemical treatment. Compared with the traditional treatment mode, the method can effectively treat the metal and the organic matters in the electroplating wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroplating wastewater treatment, in particular to a treatment process for standard-reaching discharge and recovery of electroplating wastewater.
Background
Electroplating is a cosmetologist of metal surfaces, can obtain metal coatings with various basic properties, decorative properties and protective properties on various basic materials, and products of the metal coatings are ubiquitous. Therefore, electroplating plays a very important role in national economy. According to the relevant statistical data, the annual wastewater discharge amount of more than billions of cubic meters at the current more than ten thousand electroplating plants in the whole country is shown.
The electroplating wastewater has complex components, and contains heavy metals with huge toxicity, including copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, lead, platinum, gold, silver and the like, besides cyanide and acid-base wastewater. Once discharged, the metals cannot be biodegraded in the environment, often participate in food chain circulation, and finally accumulate in organisms, damage normal physiological metabolic activities of the organisms, harm human health, and also have important economic value for recovering precious metals in electroplating wastewater.
In the traditional treatment process, the heavy metal is removed by using caustic soda or lime, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and PAM (organic flocculant polyacrylamide), the pH value of the comprehensive wastewater is increased to 10-13, the alkali concentration is high, the alkali and the heavy metal are forced to react to generate hydroxide, and the hydroxide is precipitated and removed. There are certain problems that: (1) according to the principle of chemical reaction, under any pH value condition, the reaction is balanced, and heavy metal ions in water still remain; (2) the optimum pH value (pH) of hydroxide formed by different heavy metals is different, and the optimum pH value is within the most suitable pH range for a certain heavy metal and the optimum pH value for other heavy metals is the re-dissolved pH value; (3) removing heavy metals by using super alkali, and finally adding acid into a discharge port, wherein the fine hydroxide which is not precipitated is rapidly decomposed, and the heavy metals return to water; (4) the amount of caustic soda determines the treatment cost to a certain extent; (5) the organic pollutants can not be discharged stably after reaching the standard.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a treatment process for standard-reaching discharge and recovery of electroplating wastewater, and solves the problems of residues and high treatment cost after treatment of heavy metals and organic matters in the existing electroplating wastewater.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the treatment process for discharging and recycling the electroplating wastewater after reaching the standard comprises the following steps:
s1: electric flocculation
firstly, removing oil from the waste water before the electrolytic flocculation treatment, and because the comprehensive waste water contains heavy metals of zinc, chromium, nickel and the like and a certain amount of emulsified oil, the process scheme is designed, firstly, the heavy metals and the emulsified oil in the electroplating comprehensive waste water are removed, then, the organic pollutants are removed in the subsequent process stage, the electrolytic flocculation and the electrocoagulation are considered, the principle is that the waste water is used as an electrolysis medium, and current is conducted through a positive electrode and a negative electrode to carry out electrolysis, and the three aspects can be generated2、O2the gas escapes in the form of tiny bubbles and can play a role of a container similar to that in air floatation, so that particle impurities in the wastewater float to the water surface attached to the bubbles and then become scum which is easy to remove, ③ heavy metal ions and other pollutants are directly electrolyzed, oxidized and reduced into heavy metals or other harmless goods and deposited substances and removed, therefore, most of the heavy metals in the wastewater can be removed by adopting the electrocoagulation process to treat the electroplating wastewater, macromolecular organic matters of the wastewater are decomposed and disintegrated to generate unstable intermediates, and the macromolecular organic matters are subjected to ring opening and crackingThe solution is changed into easily degradable micromolecular substances so as to reduce the burden of the subsequent treatment process;
s2: inclined plate sedimentation tank I
The comprehensive wastewater treated by the S1 can generate alum floc substances, and the floc substances in the wastewater can be separated after the comprehensive wastewater is precipitated by an inclined plate sedimentation tank to obtain supernatant for further treatment;
s3: catalytic oxidation
The strong oxidant generated by catalytic oxidation is used for catalytically oxidizing organic pollutants in the wastewater at normal temperature and normal pressure, the electrocoagulation section is decomposed into small molecular organic pollutants, and the small molecular organic pollutants are thoroughly oxidized into CO2, so that the COD value of the wastewater is reduced, namely, double bonds of organic matters are broken, benzene rings are opened, chromophoric groups are separated, such as nitro groups, amino groups, azo groups and sulfonic acid groups, and the purpose of decoloring the wastewater is achieved and the molecular groups of the organic matters are reduced;
s4: inclined plate sedimentation tank II
After S3, further forming floc substances in the wastewater, performing solid-liquid separation again through the inclined plate sedimentation tank, judging whether the PH needs to be adjusted according to the PH of the wastewater, so that the wastewater is neutral, and ensuring the subsequent reaction;
s5: aerobic biochemical treatment
After the treatment of S1 and S2, the residual organic matters in the wastewater are changed into micromolecule compounds which are easy to be degraded by microorganisms, and the organic matters in the electroplating wastewater can be stably discharged after reaching the standard through aerobic biochemistry;
s6: sludge filter pressing treatment
Heavy metal-containing floc sludge generated in S2 and S4 is separated in an inclined plate sedimentation tank, dewatered by a plate and frame filter press, transported to a special hazardous waste disposal mechanism for disposal, and dewatered by another plate and frame filter press after residual sludge discharged in S5 is concentrated in a sludge concentration tank, and finally treated comprehensively as municipal sludge;
s7: quartz sand filtration
The effluent of the biochemical pool firstly enters a quartz sand filter, the biochemical effluent is filtered by a quartz sand medium in the filter under the action of pressure, and suspended particles and part of organic substances in the water can be effectively removed by the interception, adhesion and adsorption of filter materials.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a treatment process for standard discharge and recovery of electroplating wastewater treatment. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the electrolytic electrocoagulation technology has the advantages that under the condition of the same reaction load, the size is compact, the liquid circulation flow is large, dirt blockage and short circuit are not easy to cause, electrodes are passivated, harmful gas generated in a closed shell reaction space can not overflow and react more comprehensively and is easy to control, current density adjustment in different ranges can be carried out according to requirements, equipment is simple, reliable and easy to maintain, the application prospect of the electrolytic electrocoagulation technology is improved, and the electrolytic electrocoagulation technology is suitable for popularization and use.
2. The invention, the catalytic oxidation technology and the catalytic oxidation technology generated by matching with the electric flocculation reactor solve the problems of high energy consumption, secondary pollution and good degradation effect on organic wastewater which is difficult to degrade biologically or to perform common chemical oxidation in the traditional oxidation technology.
3. The process technology does not need to add PAM, PAC and reducing agent. The yield of the sludge is reduced, the reaction is carried out in a weakly acidic environment, the current is adjusted according to the content of heavy metal in the wastewater, and the strengthened hydroxyl free radicals generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electroflocculated, so that the bonds can be effectively broken to remove COD and chroma, and the chelated heavy metal in the wastewater can be decomposed.
4. Compared with the traditional process, the invention does not need to add alkali to adjust the pH value and automatically controls the oxidation and reduction reaction processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the treatment process for discharging and recycling the electroplating wastewater after reaching the standard comprises the following steps:
s1: electric flocculation
firstly, removing oil from the waste water before the electrolytic flocculation treatment, and because the comprehensive waste water contains heavy metals of zinc, chromium, nickel and the like and a certain amount of emulsified oil, the process scheme is designed, firstly, the heavy metals and the emulsified oil in the electroplating comprehensive waste water are removed, then, the organic pollutants are removed in the subsequent process stage, the electrolytic flocculation and the electrocoagulation are considered, the principle is that the waste water is used as an electrolysis medium, and current is conducted through a positive electrode and a negative electrode to carry out electrolysis, and the three aspects can be generated2、O2the gas escapes in the form of tiny bubbles ③ can play a role of a container similar to that in air floatation, so that particulate impurities in the wastewater float to the water surface after attaching to the bubbles, scum which is easy to remove is removed, ③ heavy metal ions ③ other pollutants are directly electrolyzed, oxidized ③ reduced into heavy metals or other harmless cargo sediment substances are removed;
s2: inclined plate sedimentation tank I
The comprehensive wastewater treated by the S1 can generate alum floc substances, and the floc substances in the wastewater can be separated after the comprehensive wastewater is precipitated by an inclined plate sedimentation tank to obtain supernatant for further treatment;
s3: catalytic oxidation
The strong oxidant generated by catalytic oxidation is used for catalytically oxidizing organic pollutants in the wastewater at normal temperature and normal pressure, the electrocoagulation section is decomposed into small molecular organic pollutants which are thoroughly oxidized into CO2, the COD value of the wastewater is reduced, namely, double bonds of organic matters are broken, benzene rings are opened, and chromophoric groups are separated from the organic pollutants, such as nitro groups, amino groups, azo groups and sulfonic acid groups;
s4: inclined plate sedimentation tank II
After S3, further forming floc substances in the wastewater, performing solid-liquid separation again through the inclined plate sedimentation tank, judging whether the PH needs to be adjusted according to the PH of the wastewater, so that the wastewater is neutral, and ensuring the subsequent reaction;
s5: aerobic biochemical treatment
After the treatment of S1 and S2, the residual organic matters in the wastewater are changed into micromolecule compounds which are easy to be degraded by microorganisms, and the organic matters in the electroplating wastewater can be stably discharged after reaching the standard through aerobic biochemistry;
s6: sludge filter pressing treatment
Heavy metal-containing floc sludge generated in S2 and S4 is separated in an inclined plate sedimentation tank, dewatered by a plate and frame filter press, transported to a special hazardous waste disposal mechanism for disposal, and dewatered by another plate and frame filter press after residual sludge discharged in S5 is concentrated in a sludge concentration tank, and finally treated comprehensively as municipal sludge;
s7: quartz sand filtration
The biochemical effluent enters the quartz sand filter firstly, the biochemical effluent is filtered by the quartz sand medium in the filter under the action of pressure, suspended particles and partial organic matters in the water can be effectively removed by the interception, adhesion and adsorption of filter materials, and the quartz sand filter has the characteristics of small filtration resistance, large specific surface area, strong acid-base corrosion resistance, excellent pollution resistance and the like.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The treatment process for discharging and recycling the electroplating wastewater after reaching the standard comprises the following steps:
s1: electric flocculation
firstly, removing oil from the waste water before the electrolytic flocculation treatment, and because the comprehensive waste water contains heavy metals of zinc, chromium, nickel and the like and a certain amount of emulsified oil, the process scheme is designed, firstly, the heavy metals and the emulsified oil in the electroplating comprehensive waste water are removed, then, the organic pollutants are removed in the subsequent process stage, the electrolytic flocculation and the electrocoagulation are considered, the principle is that the waste water is used as an electrolysis medium, and current is conducted through a positive electrode and a negative electrode to carry out electrolysis, and the three aspects can be generated2、O2the gas escapes in the form of tiny bubbles ③ can play a role of a container similar to that in air floatation, so that particulate impurities in the wastewater float to the water surface after attaching to the bubbles, scum which is easy to remove is removed, ③ heavy metal ions ③ other pollutants are directly electrolyzed, oxidized ③ reduced into heavy metals or other harmless cargo sediment substances are removed;
s2: inclined plate sedimentation tank I
The comprehensive wastewater treated by the S1 can generate alum floc substances, and the floc substances in the wastewater can be separated after the comprehensive wastewater is precipitated by an inclined plate sedimentation tank to obtain supernatant for further treatment;
s3: catalytic oxidation
The strong oxidant generated by catalytic oxidation is used for catalytically oxidizing organic pollutants in the wastewater at normal temperature and normal pressure, the electrocoagulation section is decomposed into small molecular organic pollutants which are thoroughly oxidized into CO2, the COD value of the wastewater is reduced, namely, double bonds of organic matters are broken, benzene rings are opened, and chromophoric groups are separated from the organic pollutants, such as nitro groups, amino groups, azo groups and sulfonic acid groups;
s4: inclined plate sedimentation tank II
After S3, further forming floc substances in the wastewater, performing solid-liquid separation again through the inclined plate sedimentation tank, judging whether the PH needs to be adjusted according to the PH of the wastewater, so that the wastewater is neutral, and ensuring the subsequent reaction;
s5: aerobic biochemical treatment
After the treatment of S1 and S2, the residual organic matters in the wastewater are changed into micromolecule compounds which are easy to be degraded by microorganisms, and the organic matters in the electroplating wastewater can be stably discharged after reaching the standard through aerobic biochemistry;
s6: sludge filter pressing treatment
Heavy metal-containing floc sludge generated in S2 and S4 is separated in an inclined plate sedimentation tank, dewatered by a plate and frame filter press, transported to a special hazardous waste disposal mechanism for disposal, and dewatered by another plate and frame filter press after residual sludge discharged in S5 is concentrated in a sludge concentration tank, and finally treated comprehensively as municipal sludge;
s7: quartz sand filtration
The effluent of the biochemical pool firstly enters a quartz sand filter, the biochemical effluent is filtered by a quartz sand medium in the filter under the action of pressure, and suspended particles and partial organic matters in the water can be effectively removed under the interception, adhesion and adsorption actions of a filter material.
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| CN112687972A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-20 | 广东莞绿环保工程有限公司 | System and method for treating and recovering cobalt in lithium battery waste liquid |
| CN113845267A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-28 | 濮阳天地人环保科技股份有限公司 | Electric flocculation treatment method for natural bubble gas production wastewater |
| CN115028320A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-09 | 湖南新沃环境科技有限公司 | Treatment method and treatment system for machine oil wastewater |
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| 王先锋: ""环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷化工综合废水处理工程实例"", 《工业用水与废水》 * |
| 邱敬贤等: ""电化学法处理电镀废水的研究进展"", 《再生资源与循环经济》 * |
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| CN113845267A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-28 | 濮阳天地人环保科技股份有限公司 | Electric flocculation treatment method for natural bubble gas production wastewater |
| CN115028320A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-09 | 湖南新沃环境科技有限公司 | Treatment method and treatment system for machine oil wastewater |
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