CN111170459A - Biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions - Google Patents
Biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN111170459A CN111170459A CN202010129906.9A CN202010129906A CN111170459A CN 111170459 A CN111170459 A CN 111170459A CN 202010129906 A CN202010129906 A CN 202010129906A CN 111170459 A CN111170459 A CN 111170459A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 102000010637 Aquaporins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 108010063290 Aquaporins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003462 bioceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有硝化和反硝化功能的生物滤池，涉及污水处理技术领域，包括配水渠、配水配气层、承托层、反硝化滤料层、曝气层、硝化滤料层和清水区，所述配水渠、配水配气层、承托层、反硝化滤料层、曝气层、硝化滤料层和清水区沿竖直方向从下往上依次排列，所述配水配气层为滤砖结构。本发明公开的技术方案，将硝化滤料层和反硝化滤料层置于同一滤池，实现硝化和反硝化功能，相比二级串联工艺而言，可有效减少设备的占地面积，降低相应的建设成本；另外，配水配气层采用滤砖结构，与现有生物滤池的滤板/滤头配水配气方式相比，配气配水更均匀，可以实现整个滤池平面无死角水气分配。
The invention discloses a biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions, which relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and comprises a water distribution channel, a water distribution and gas distribution layer, a supporting layer, a denitrification filter material layer, an aeration layer and a nitrification filter material layer and clean water area, the water distribution channel, water distribution and gas distribution layer, support layer, denitrification filter material layer, aeration layer, nitrification filter material layer and clean water area are arranged in order from bottom to top along the vertical direction. The air layer is a filter brick structure. The technical scheme disclosed in the present invention places the nitrification filter material layer and the denitrification filter material layer in the same filter tank to realize the functions of nitrification and denitrification. The corresponding construction cost; in addition, the water distribution and gas distribution layer adopts the filter brick structure. Compared with the water distribution and air distribution method of the filter plate/filter head of the existing biological filter, the air distribution and water distribution are more uniform, and the entire filter plane can be realized without dead water. Gas distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a biofilter with nitrification and denitrification functions.
Background
The biological filter is a biological purification device integrating the functions of filtration, adsorption and biodegradation, and can remove ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, CODcr, BOD5, SS and TP in water body by the adsorption and interception of a filter material layer and the degradation of microorganisms attached to the filter material layer. According to different purification indexes, the biological filter is divided into: carbon oxidation biological aerated filter, nitrification biological aerated filter, carbon oxidation + nitrification biological aerated filter, denitrification biological filter. At present, the biological filter in engineering mostly adopts an upward flow state, and the design structure of the biological filter comprises from bottom to top: the aeration layer is arranged in the supporting layer by adopting an aeration mode of a perforated pipe or a single-hole membrane air diffuser. The backwashing system comprises a backwashing water inlet part and a backwashing gas inlet part, and backwashing water enters from the buffering water distribution area and flows upwards. The backwash gas is introduced into the buffer water distribution area through a backwash gas pipe and is consistent with the flow direction of backwash water.
If the biological filter is used for removing nitrogen, a nitrification filter and a denitrification filter are generally connected in series, the denitrification filter can be divided into a front denitrification filter and a rear denitrification filter, when the carbon source of inlet water is sufficient, a denitrification process of the front denitrification filter and the nitrification filter is mostly adopted, and the series connection process needs at least two reaction tanks to respectively carry out denitrification and nitrification processes, so that the denitrification equipment has the defect of large floor area.
The biofilters for nitrogen removal in the prior art still have the following disadvantages:
(1) the existing biological filter generally adopts a water and gas distribution system of a filter plate/filter head, the structure has the defect of uneven water and gas distribution, meanwhile, the construction and installation process is more complicated, and the problems of breakage, blockage and the like are caused in the operation process, so that the service life of the biological filter is reduced;
(2) the integral height of the biological filter designed and operated in the actual engineering is too high, so that the problems of high construction cost, difficult transportation and the like exist;
(3) the traditional nitrification and denitrification biological filter tank series process at least needs two reaction tanks to respectively carry out nitrification and denitrification processes, and has the defect of large occupied area of denitrification equipment. The performance parameters of the existing synchronous nitrification and denitrification process design are not ideal enough, and further improvement and optimization are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biofilter with nitrification and denitrification functions, which is convenient to transport and greatly improves the installation efficiency of a high-filter-layer biological aerated filter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a biofilter with nitrification and denitrification functions, which comprises a water distribution channel, a water and gas distribution layer, a supporting layer, a denitrification filter material layer, an aeration layer, a nitrification filter material layer and a clear water area, wherein the water distribution channel, the water and gas distribution layer, the supporting layer, the denitrification filter material layer, the aeration layer, the nitrification filter material layer and the clear water area are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction from bottom to top, and the water and gas distribution layer is of a filter brick structure.
In one embodiment, the length of the distribution channel is not more than 4000 mm, the width is not more than 500mm, the height is not more than 500mm, the side surface of the distribution channel is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part of the distribution channel is provided with a perforated cover plate.
In one embodiment, the cover plate has a thickness of 10-15 mm.
In one embodiment, the height range of the water and gas distribution layer is 150-200 mm, and the water and gas distribution layer comprises a plurality of T-shaped filter bricks uniformly paved on the whole filter section above the cover plate and a plurality of backwashing gas inlet pipes arranged in an arch cavity at the bottom of the T-shaped filter bricks.
In one embodiment, an arched cavity is formed in the lower portion of the T-shaped filter brick, the backwashing air inlet pipeline is a perforated pipeline, the backwashing air inlet pipe extends along the length direction of the arched cavity, and the backwashing air inlet pipes are arranged below the T-shaped filter brick at intervals.
In one embodiment, the diameter of the orifices of the perforated pipeline is 3-5 mm, and the distance between the orifices is 50-100 mm.
In one embodiment, the height of the bearing layer is 200-300 mm, the bearing layer is paved by graded pebbles, and the particle size of the pebbles is 8-30 mm.
In one embodiment, the height of the denitrification filter material layer is 1800-2000 mm, the denitrification filter material layer is a first biological ceramsite, and the diameter of the first biological ceramsite is 6-8 mm; the height of the nitrification filter material layer is 1800-2000 mm, the filter material of the nitrification filter material layer is second biological ceramsite, and the diameter of the second biological ceramsite is 3-5 mm.
In one embodiment, the aeration layer comprises a support frame and an aeration pipe, the aeration pipe is fixedly connected with the support frame, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the area of the aeration pipe, which is located on the support frame.
In one embodiment, the height of the clean water area is 800-1000 mm, and an overflow effluent weir is arranged on the inner side of the side wall of the clean water area; the biological filter is also provided with an ultrahigh part, and the height of the ultrahigh part is 300-500 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the invention provides a biofilter with nitrification and denitrification functions, which comprises a water distribution channel, a water and gas distribution layer, a supporting layer, a denitrification filter material layer, an aeration layer, a nitrification filter material layer and a clear water area, wherein the water distribution channel, the water and gas distribution layer, the supporting layer, the denitrification filter material layer, the aeration layer, the nitrification filter material layer and the clear water area are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction from bottom to top, and the water and gas distribution layer is of a filter brick structure. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the nitrification filter material layer and the denitrification filter material layer are arranged in the same filter tank, so that the nitrification and denitrification functions are realized, and compared with a two-stage series process, the occupied area of equipment can be effectively reduced, and the corresponding construction cost is reduced; in addition, the water and gas distribution layer adopts a filter brick structure, compared with the water and gas distribution mode of a filter plate/filter head of the existing biological filter, the water and gas distribution is more uniform, the water and gas distribution of the whole filter plane without dead angles can be realized, and meanwhile, the whole height of the filter can be effectively reduced by adopting the filter brick structure on the premise of ensuring the height of a filter material layer, so that the biological filter is convenient to transport.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions in an embodiment in a front view;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of a distribution channel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a distribution canal according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of an aeration layer support frame according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a water and gas distribution layer in the embodiment.
In the figure: 1-distributing canal; 12-a water inlet; 2-water and gas distribution layer; 21-T type filter brick; 22-backwashing air inlet pipe; 23-an arch-shaped cavity; 3-a supporting layer; 4-denitrification filter material layer; 5-an aeration layer; 51-a support frame; 52-an aerator pipe; 6-nitrifying the filter bed; 7-clear water area; 8-ultrahigh; 9-overflow effluent weir.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-described drawings, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, apparatus, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in this disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly. To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, a detailed description of known functions and known components have been omitted from the present disclosure.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a biofilter with nitrification and denitrification functions, which includes a water distribution channel 1, a water distribution and gas distribution layer 2, a support layer 3, a denitrification filter material layer 4, an aeration layer 5, a nitrification filter material layer 6, and a clean water area 7, wherein the water distribution channel 1, the water distribution and gas distribution layer 2, the support layer 3, the denitrification filter material layer 4, the aeration layer 5, the nitrification filter material layer 6, and the clean water area 7 are sequentially arranged along a vertical direction from bottom to top, and the water distribution and gas distribution layer 2 is of a filter brick structure.
The distribution channel 1 is used for water inlet and primary water distribution, the size (L B H) of the distribution channel 1 in the embodiment is 4000B 500H 500mm, the distribution channel 1 can be made into a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure, two sides of the distribution channel 1 are fixed in position and structurally reinforced by reinforced concrete, meanwhile, the built reinforced concrete can be used as a bearing foundation of the device body, and the building size (L B H) of the reinforced concrete is 4000 1500H 500 mm.
In this embodiment, the length of the distribution channel 1 is not more than 4000 mm, the width is not more than 500mm, and the height is not more than 500mm, the side of the distribution channel 1 is provided with a water inlet 12, and the upper part of the distribution channel 1 is provided with a perforated cover plate (not shown in the figure).
The water inlet 12 can be used for feeding back washing water and sewage, namely, the sewage and the back washing water both enter the biological filter through the water inlet 12 on the side surface of the water distribution channel 1, and the water body is in an upward flow state.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the perforated cover plate is 10-15 mm.
In this embodiment, the height range of the water and gas distribution layer 2 is 150-200 mm, and the water and gas distribution layer 2 includes a plurality of T-shaped filter bricks 21 uniformly laid on the whole filter cross section above the cover plate and a plurality of backwashing gas inlet pipes 22 arranged in an arch cavity at the bottom of the T-shaped filter bricks.
The water and gas distribution layer 2 is used as a water and gas distribution structure and is used for realizing the uniform distribution of gas and water on the section of the filter tank. The T-shaped filter brick 21 selected in the embodiment is made of HDPE material, and each performance parameter meets the specification of the standard CJ/T47-2016.
In this embodiment, an arched cavity 23 is formed in the lower portion of the T-shaped filter brick 21, the backwash air inlet pipe 22 is a perforated pipe, the backwash air inlet pipe extends along the length direction of the arched cavity, and the backwash air inlet pipe is arranged below the T-shaped filter brick 21 at intervals.
The backwashing air inlet pipes 22 are arranged below the T-shaped filter bricks 21 at intervals, and a perforated pipeline is arranged at intervals of every other filter brick. The water and gas distribution layer 2 realizes twice water and gas distribution through the arched cavity 23 at the bottom of the T-shaped filter brick 21 and the splicing gap position of two adjacent filter bricks, thereby ensuring the uniformity of gas and water distribution on the section of the filter tank.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the orifices of the perforated pipeline is 3-5 mm, and the distance between the orifices is 50-100 mm.
In this embodiment, the height of the supporting layer 3 is 200-300 mm, the supporting layer 3 is laid by graded pebbles, and the particle size of the pebbles is 8-30 mm. The support layer 3 is used for supporting a filter material layer on the upper part of the support layer.
In the embodiment, the height of the denitrification filter layer 4 is 1800-2000 mm, the filter material of the denitrification filter layer 4 is first biological ceramsite, and the diameter of the first biological ceramsite is 6-8 mm; the height of the nitrification filter material layer 6 is 1800-2000 mm, the filter material of the nitrification filter material layer 6 is second biological ceramsite, and the diameter of the second biological ceramsite is 3-5 mm.
The denitrification filter material layer 4 has less dissolved oxygen, most of the microorganisms attached to the biofilm are anoxic or facultative microorganisms, and denitrification bacteria can remove the nitrate nitrogen and the total nitrogen of the inlet water through denitrification; the nitrification filter material layer 6 has sufficient dissolved oxygen, and aerobic microorganisms grow more and gather at the position to complete the degradation and removal of ammonia nitrogen and COD.
In this embodiment, the aeration layer 5 includes a support frame 51 and an aeration pipe 52, the aeration pipe 52 is fixedly connected to the support frame 51, and a plurality of perforations are formed in a region of the aeration pipe 52 located on the support frame 51.
The aeration layer 5 is used for increasing oxygen of the nitrification filter material layer 6, and the support frame 51 adopts a steel frame design form.
In this embodiment, the height of the clean water zone 7 is 800-1000 mm, and an overflow effluent weir 9 is arranged on the inner side of the side wall of the clean water zone 7; the biological filter is also provided with an ultrahigh part 8, and the height of the ultrahigh part 8 is 300-500 mm.
The clear water area 7 is used for temporarily storing purified water and has the function of slowing down hydraulic impact; the overflow effluent weir 9 is used for guiding the water in the clear water zone 7 to the effluent trough, and the overflow effluent weir 9 is of a steel plate structure; the water in the backwashing water and the clear water area 7 is discharged from the overflow effluent weir 9; the super height 8 is used for preventing water in the clean water area from overflowing to the outside of the filter.
The working principle of the biological filter with the nitrification and denitrification functions is as follows:
the sewage treatment process comprises the following steps: sewage enters the biological filter from a water inlet 12 of the water distribution channel 1, enters the water and gas distribution layer 2 through the water distribution channel 1 and a perforated cover plate on the upper part of the water distribution channel, then enters the denitrification filter material layer 4 through the supporting layer 3, is subjected to denitrification treatment with the denitrification filter material layer 4, then flows through the aeration layer 5 to enter the nitrification filter material layer 6 for nitrification treatment, then enters the clear water zone 7, and finally is discharged out of the biological filter from an overflow effluent weir 9 of the clear water zone 7;
and (3) aeration treatment process: oxygen enters the filter from an aeration pipe 52 of the aeration layer 5, sewage after denitrification enters the aeration layer 5 from the denitrification filter material layer 4, and the sewage enters the nitrification filter material layer 6 along with oxygen bubbles to provide sufficient oxygen for nitrification reaction;
the back washing treatment process comprises the following steps: backwash water enters the filter chamber from a water inlet 12 of the water distribution channel 1, flows upwards, passes through a perforated cover plate on the upper part of the water distribution channel and then enters the water and gas distribution layer 2; a backwashing air pipe 22 arranged at the bottom of the arch-shaped cavity of the water and gas distribution layer introduces backwashing air into the filter tank, the backwashing air and the backwashing water are mixed fully and then flow upwards together, the mixture passes through the arch-shaped cavity at the bottom of the T-shaped filter brick and a gap between the connecting parts of two adjacent filter bricks to realize two times of uniform water and gas distribution, and then enters a denitrification filter material layer 4 and a nitrification filter material layer 6 through a supporting layer 3 to clean the surface of the filter material and bring out impurities intercepted by the filter material layer; and backwashing drainage enters the clear water zone 7 and is finally discharged from an overflow effluent weir 9 of the clear water zone 7, so that the whole cleaning process of the filter tank is completed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
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| CN202010129906.9A CN111170459A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions |
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| CN202010129906.9A CN111170459A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112174302A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-05 | 四川欧美华环境工程有限公司 | Novel biological aerated filter adopting filter bricks in upward flow |
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| CN110563133A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-13 | 宜兴博渝环保设备有限公司 | TAF biological filter and T-shaped air-water distribution block filter brick water and air distribution system thereof |
| CN211847349U (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-11-03 | 苏州市苏创环境科技发展有限公司 | Biological filter with nitrification and denitrification functions |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112174302A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-05 | 四川欧美华环境工程有限公司 | Novel biological aerated filter adopting filter bricks in upward flow |
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