CN111167413A - Preparation method and application of biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces Download PDFInfo
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- CN111167413A CN111167413A CN201911159746.6A CN201911159746A CN111167413A CN 111167413 A CN111167413 A CN 111167413A CN 201911159746 A CN201911159746 A CN 201911159746A CN 111167413 A CN111167413 A CN 111167413A
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting moss, selecting plants larger than 6cm, removing impurities and dead stems and leaves, and cleaning soil and floating layer particles with distilled water; (2) soaking the mixture for 12 to 36 hours by using dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 moL/L; (3) repeatedly cleaning with distilled water, and naturally air drying at the cleaning position to obtain the moss biosorption material. The invention relates to a method for determining mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces with extremely low cost, which adopts moss plants to prepare a moss biosorption material through simple treatment, and then utilizes the moss biosorption material to determine the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a biological adsorption material, in particular to a preparation method and application of a biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection.
Background
Mercury is the only metal which can exist in liquid state at normal temperature and has volatility, exists in various chemical forms in the environment, and continuously migrates and transforms among water bodies, atmosphere and soil. The soil, the water body and the atmosphere are called as a source and a sink of mercury, on one hand, the mercury is released from the water body and the soil to the atmosphere, and therefore, the exchange flux of the mercury in the soil and the interface of the water body to the atmosphere is an important monitoring content for researching the exchange of the mercury in the environment. The monomer mercury has very high saturated vapor pressure at normal temperature, most mercury compounds also have strong volatility, more than 95% of mercury in the atmosphere is gaseous monomer mercury, (gasouselp-CEM) has high volatility, and can be retained in the atmosphere for about 0.5-2 years and can be circulated with the global atmosphere for long time to generate large-range and long-distance migration. Mercury is often present in natural bodies of water, especially surface bodies of water, in a supersaturated state due to its low solubility in water, resulting in the release of large amounts of mercury from the bodies of water to the atmosphere. Research shows that water is one of important natural release sources of atmospheric mercury, and the mercury discharge process from water to atmosphere becomes an important way for removing mercury from water. A large number of researches show that mercury released to the atmosphere by a water body every year accounts for about 32-77% of natural sources of mercury in the atmosphere. Therefore, when the water/gas exchange flux is measured, an active sampling technology is applied to the measurement of the water/gas flux, the sampling technology is currently carried out by adopting an expensive sampling instrument and a mode of erecting device facilities such as a flux box on the water surface, and the sampling technology is expensive in equipment, high in cost and relatively complex in operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method and application of a biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces, wherein the method does not need to erect a flux box and an expensive sampling instrument, and has extremely low cost, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces comprises the following steps,
(1) collecting moss, selecting plants with diameter of more than 6cm, removing impurities and dead stems and leaves, and cleaning soil and floating layer particles with distilled water;
(2) soaking the mixture for 12 to 36 hours by using dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 moL/L;
(3) repeatedly cleaning with distilled water, and naturally air drying at the cleaning position to obtain the moss biosorption material.
A method for determining the mercury exchange flux at a water/gas interface, comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting moss from a relatively less-polluted cleaning area, collecting bryophytes attached to rocks as much as possible, selecting plants with the diameter of more than 6cm, removing impurities and dead stems and leaves, and cleaning soil and floating layer particles by using distilled water;
(2) soaking the mixture for 24 hours by using dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5-1.0 moL/L;
(3) repeatedly cleaning with distilled water, and naturally air drying at the cleaning position to obtain moss biosorption material;
(4) manufacturing a nylon bag: making nylon bag with mesh size of 10 × 10cm with mesh size of 2.0 × 2.0mm, soaking in dilute acid, washing with deionized water, standing, and air drying;
(5) weighing 3.0-4.0 g +/-0.1 g of the moss processed in the step (3), putting the moss into a clean nylon bag, and sewing the moss into a bag of 100cm by using a nylon thread2The area of the moss pocket is the moss pocket for determining the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces;
(6) covering the prepared moss pocket with a plastic cover to prevent rainwater from dripping into the moss pocket, and suspending the moss pocket above the water surface for measuring the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interface for sampling for 1-3 m, wherein the sampling time is 20-40 days;
(7) taking the moss biological adsorption material in the sampled moss pocket back to a laboratory, putting the moss biological adsorption material in a dryer, immediately weighing, and discarding the sample with the weight loss of more than 5%;
(8) digesting the collected moss by using a conventional analysis method, and accurately measuring the mercury content in a sample of the moss;
(9) the exchange flux Fd of mercury at the water/gas interface was calculated using the formula
In the formula, the amount of mercury element in M-Moss bog, the exchange area of S-mercury in a water/gas interface, the exchange flux of Fd-mercury in the water/gas interface, and D-the number of days for collecting the exchange flux.
The use of moss in the determination of mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: bryophytes are widely used as index plants for monitoring environmental pollution, and are mainly used for estimating the atmospheric pollution condition by observing the external form of the bryophytes by an ecological method, and the method is easily influenced by subjective factors of investigators and is not easy to master and apply. The invention prepares the bryophyte into an active adsorption material, which utilizes the fact that the cell wall of the bryophyte has some ion exchange sites with negative charges and has the function similar to ion exchange resin, and the active adsorption material which has high adsorption function and accumulation capacity of a large number of ion exchange functional groups and active and rapid adsorption capacity can be prepared into an active material with high capability of adsorbing metal ions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the method for determining the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces has extremely low cost, adopts moss plants to prepare the moss biological adsorption material through simple treatment, then utilizes the moss biological adsorption material to determine the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces, can accurately determine the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces by determining the moss (moss) biological material, does not need to erect flux boxes and other devices and expensive sampling and detecting instruments during use, can realize environmental monitoring of the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces without electric facilities, and has the advantages of simple and convenient method, low cost, accurate monitoring result, simple operation, good practicability and important popularization and application values.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the invention relates to a method for preparing a biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces and a measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting moss (moss) from a relatively less-polluted cleaning area, collecting bryophytes attached to rocks as much as possible, selecting plants with the diameter of more than 6cm, removing impurities and dead stems and leaves, and cleaning soil and floating layer particles by using distilled water;
(2) soaking the mixture in dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5moL/L to 0moL/L for 24 hours, preferably 0.5moL/L hydrochloric acid;
(3) repeatedly cleaning with distilled water, and naturally air drying at the cleaned position to obtain moss (moss) biosorption material.
(4) Manufacturing a nylon bag: making nylon bag with mesh (2.0 × 2.0 mm) of 10 × 10cm, soaking in dilute acid, washing with deionized water, standing, and air drying;
(5) weighing 3.0-4.0 g +/-0.1 g, preferably 3.5g +/-0.1 g of moss (moss) treated in the step (3), putting the moss into a clean mesh (2.0 multiplied by 2.0 mm) to prepare a nylon bag with the specification of 10 multiplied by 10cm, and sewing the nylon bag into a nylon bag with the specification of 100cm by using nylon threads2Moss bog, i.e. a bag made to measure the mercury between the water/gas interfacesMoss pockets (moss bog) that exchange flux; latex gloves should be taken to prevent pollution during each manufacturing step of the moss pocket.
(6) Covering the prepared moss pocket (moss sack) with a plastic cover to prevent rainwater from pouring into the moss pocket, and suspending the moss pocket above the water surface for measuring mercury water/gas exchange flux by 1-3 m, preferably 1.5 m; 3-5 groups of parallel samples are required to be arranged; the sampling time is generally 20-40 days, and the time relationship is determined according to the relationship between the amount of adsorbed mercury separated out and the saturated amount of adsorbed mercury.
(7) Taking the moss biological adsorption material in the sampled moss pocket back to a laboratory, putting the moss biological adsorption material in a dryer, immediately weighing, and discarding the sample with the weight loss of more than 5%;
(8) digesting the collected moss (moss) by using a conventional analysis method, and accurately measuring the mercury content in a sample of the moss (moss);
(9) the exchange flux of mercury at the water/gas interface was calculated using the formula
In the formula, the amount (ng) of mercury element in M-Moss bog, the exchange area of S-mercury in a water/gas interface, and the exchange flux (ng DEG) of Fd-mercury in the water/gas interface-d·m-2) D-days to collect exchanged flux.
Example 2:
(1) the moss is collected from Hupnum Piumafoete Wills (Hupnum Piumafoete Wills) in Guiyang city of Guizhou province, and plants with diameter of more than 6cm are taken, impurities and dead stems and leaves are removed, soil and floating dust particles are cleaned by clear water, and the cleaned plants and the particles are soaked for 24 hours by 0.5moL of hydrochloric acid. Repeatedly cleaning with distilled water, placing in a cleaning place, and naturally air drying to obtain moss (moss) biosorption material.
(2) The prepared moss pocket (moss bog) is hung in grass sea lakes in Guizhou, 1.5m above the water surface, and samples are collected in the dry season and the rich season. Meanwhile, the water/gas interface exchange flux of mercury at a suspension site is compared by using a traditional method of a raw flux box. The flux box is connected with A CARDLS-A (AAS) mercury detector, and the flux box is fixed by A pneumatic tyre to float on the lake surface.
(3) Weighing 0.3g + -0.0001 in analysis, adding HNO3:H2O2Dissolving in a polytetrafluoroethylene tank for 3 hours at a volume ratio of 5:2, transferring to constant volume according to analysis steps, measuring mercury by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer AFS-230E, and calculating the exchange flux of mercury on a water/gas interface of a lake surface according to the following formula according to the measured mercury content of moss (moss):
M-Moss bog mercury element amount (ng)
Exchange area of S-mercury at water/gas interface
Fd-exchange flux of mercury at the water/gas interface (ng.)-d·m-2）
D-days to collect traffic exchanged
(4) The water/gas interface exchange flux of lake surface mercury at the same place was measured by moss pocket (moss bog) biosorption material, and the results of the method were compared with those of the original flux box measurement method, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of Moss bog bag (moss bog) biomaterial assay results for mercury exchange flux in water/gas at lake surface at the same site
As can be seen from the above table, the method for measuring the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces of the invention is basically consistent with the measurement result of the traditional original flux box.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described examples, and various changes made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a biological material for measuring mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting moss, selecting plants with diameter of more than 6cm, removing impurities and dead stems and leaves, and cleaning soil and floating layer particles with distilled water;
(2) soaking the mixture for 12 to 36 hours by using dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 moL/L;
(3) repeatedly cleaning with distilled water, and naturally air drying at the cleaning position to obtain the moss biosorption material.
2. A method for determining the mercury exchange flux at a water/gas interface, comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting moss from a relatively less-polluted cleaning area, collecting bryophytes attached to rocks as much as possible, selecting plants with the diameter of more than 6cm, removing impurities and dead stems and leaves, and cleaning soil and floating layer particles by using distilled water;
(2) soaking the mixture for 24 hours by using dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5-1.0 moL/L;
(3) repeatedly cleaning with distilled water, and naturally air drying at the cleaning position to obtain moss biosorption material;
(4) manufacturing a nylon bag: making nylon bag with mesh size of 10 × 10cm with mesh size of 2.0 × 2.0mm, soaking in dilute acid, washing with deionized water, standing, and air drying;
(5) weighing 3.0-4.0 g +/-0.1 g of the moss processed in the step (3), putting the moss into a clean nylon bag, and sewing the moss into a bag of 100cm by using a nylon thread2The area of the moss pocket is the moss pocket for determining the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interfaces;
(6) covering the prepared moss pocket with a plastic cover to prevent rainwater from dripping into the moss pocket, and suspending the moss pocket above the water surface for measuring the mercury exchange flux between the water/gas interface for sampling for 1-3 m, wherein the sampling time is 20-40 days;
(7) taking the moss biological adsorption material in the sampled moss pocket back to a laboratory, putting the moss biological adsorption material in a dryer, immediately weighing, and discarding the sample with the weight loss of more than 5%;
(8) digesting the collected moss by using a conventional analysis method, and accurately measuring the mercury content in a sample of the moss;
(9) the exchange flux Fd of mercury at the water/gas interface was calculated using the formula
In the formula, the amount of mercury element in M-Moss bog, the exchange area of S-mercury in a water/gas interface, the exchange flux of Fd-mercury in the water/gas interface, and D-the number of days for collecting the exchange flux.
3. The use of moss in the determination of mercury exchange flux between water/gas interfaces.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111735782A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-02 | 贵州省分析测试研究院 | System and method for determining transfer of heavy metal in sediment through atmospheric sedimentation |
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| CN103130297A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-05 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for treating mercury-containing wastewater by using modified blue-green algae |
| CN106770929A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-31 | 衢州学院 | The moss bag monitoring method of PBDE pollution |
| CN109100471A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-28 | 贵州省分析测试研究院 | A kind of device and its monitoring method of moss position monitor heavy metal atmospheric sedimentation amount |
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2019
- 2019-11-22 CN CN201911159746.6A patent/CN111167413A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2150076A1 (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1995-11-27 | Bobby L. Summers, Jr. | Bead for Removing Dissolved Metal Contaminants |
| CN103130297A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-05 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for treating mercury-containing wastewater by using modified blue-green algae |
| CN106770929A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-31 | 衢州学院 | The moss bag monitoring method of PBDE pollution |
| CN109100471A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-28 | 贵州省分析测试研究院 | A kind of device and its monitoring method of moss position monitor heavy metal atmospheric sedimentation amount |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 何锦林等: "贵州梵净山自然保护区大气汞的沉降", 《环境科学学报》 * |
| 张转玲: "贵州草海高原湿地系统湖泊水体重金属多源性研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士)工程科技Ⅰ辑》 * |
| 曹同等: "监测环境污染的藓袋法技术及其应用", 《上海师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111735782A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-02 | 贵州省分析测试研究院 | System and method for determining transfer of heavy metal in sediment through atmospheric sedimentation |
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