CN111167411B - Porous material based on montmorillonite as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Porous material based on montmorillonite as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a porous material based on montmorillonite, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the porous material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-32 parts of montmorillonite, 15-21 parts of deacetylated chitin, 13-18 parts of sodium bentonite, 8-15 parts of pore-forming agent, 4-10 parts of graphene oxide and 2-9 parts of sodium hydroxide. The preparation method comprises the steps of adding montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder into a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a precipitate, adding graphene oxide, mixing to obtain a mixed powder, pressing and forming the mixed powder to obtain a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank to obtain the chitosan/graphene composite material. During sintering, the middle stage of sintering is controlled to be finished, so that a porous material with high strength and rich porosity is obtained, the prepared composite heavy metal wastewater treatment material has a good adsorption effect on heavy metals, the adsorption performance is superior to that of the conventional modified montmorillonite, and the composite heavy metal wastewater treatment material can be recycled and has important market value and social value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environment-friendly materials, and particularly relates to a porous material based on montmorillonite, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In water body pollution, wastewater containing heavy metals poses great threat to human living environment. At present, the heavy metal wastewater treatment mainly comprises three major types, namely a chemical method, a physical method and a biological method, wherein an adsorption method in the physical method is one of the most common methods. The common adsorbent comprises two types of natural materials and artificial materials, wherein the natural materials comprise activated carbon, mineral substances and the like, and the artificial materials comprise modified mineral-based materials, modified nano-powder materials and the like. Generally, natural materials are easy to obtain and low in cost, but the adsorption effect is poor and the natural materials are difficult to be widely utilized; the prior art generally performs surface modification around mineral-based powder materials, but the problems of difficult regeneration and the like are caused by low matrix strength and no self-bearing structure of the mineral-based powder materials.
Montmorillonite is one of silicate minerals commonly found in nature. Montmorillonite has large specific surface area and pore volume, and its structural unit layer is 2 layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron with 1 layer of aluminum-oxygen octahedron, which are connected by shared oxygen atom, isomorphous displacement can occur in tetrahedron and octahedron, and high valence silicon ion Si in unit cell 4+ Aluminum ion Al 3+ Can be partially or completely replaced by other low-valence cations, so that the unit cell of the montmorillonite is negatively charged and becomes a large negative ion group, and cations among the layers can be exchanged with each other to determine that the montmorillonite can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions in wastewater. At present, heavy metal adsorbing materials prepared by taking montmorillonite as a base material are generally powdery, heavy metal wastewater still needs to be filtered and collected after being treated, and the difficulty of filtering and separating is high, so that the heavy metal adsorbing materials are difficult to recycle. How to further improve the heavy metal adsorption performance and the regenerability of the montmorillonite-based adsorption material in the prior art is one of the problems to be solved at present.
The porous material is a structure containing a certain number of holes, is a material with a network structure formed by interpenetrated or closed holes, and generally has the advantages of low relative density, high specific strength, high specific surface area, light weight, good adsorptivity, good permeability and the like.
The traditional sintering process can be divided into three stages of an initial sintering stage, a middle sintering stage and a later sintering stage; in the initial stage of sintering, the particles in the green body are rearranged, the contact part of the particles is bonded, a sintering neck is gradually formed, and the deformation of the gap is reduced. In the middle stage of sintering, mass transfer begins, grain boundaries increase, and gaps are further denatured and reduced but still connected. In the later stage of sintering, mass transfer is continued, the particle size is increased, the air holes become isolated closed air holes, and the densification process is gradually formed. Therefore, the porosity of the sintered material is low, thereby affecting the adsorption performance of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a reproducible porous material based on montmorillonite, a preparation method and application thereof, which are applied to heavy metal wastewater treatment and can be used for adsorbing various heavy metals.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a porous material based on montmorillonite, which consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-32 parts of montmorillonite, 15-21 parts of deacetylated chitin, 13-18 parts of sodium bentonite, 8-15 parts of pore-forming agent, 4-10 parts of graphene oxide and 2-9 parts of sodium hydroxide.
As a preferable scheme: the composition is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of montmorillonite, 19-21 parts of deacetylated chitin, 16-18 parts of sodium bentonite, 12-15 parts of pore-forming agent, 6-7 parts of graphene oxide and 4-6 parts of sodium hydroxide.
As a further preferable scheme: the composition is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of montmorillonite, 19 parts of deacetylated chitin, 16 parts of sodium bentonite, 12 parts of a pore-forming agent, 6 parts of graphene oxide and 5 parts of sodium hydroxide.
In a preferred scheme, the pore-forming agent is at least one of starch, carbon powder, ammonium bicarbonate, PMMA microspheres and PS microspheres. Preferably, the pore-forming agent is a mixture of carbon powder and ammonium bicarbonate, and in the pore-forming agent, the mass ratio of the carbon powder to the ammonium bicarbonate = 1.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a porous material based on montmorillonite, which comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder according to a designed proportion, adding the mixture into a sodium hydroxide solution, stirring for the first time, standing, carrying out solid-liquid separation for the first time, washing to obtain a precipitate, adding the precipitate into water to obtain a mixed solution, adding graphene oxide into the mixed solution, stirring for the second time, carrying out solid-liquid separation for the second time, drying to obtain mixed powder, carrying out compression molding on the mixed powder to obtain a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank to obtain the composite material.
In a preferred scheme, the sodium hydride solution is obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide and water according to the mass ratio of 1.
In a preferred scheme, the montmorillonite powder is obtained by crushing montmorillonite, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve and taking undersize; the deacetylated chitin powder is obtained by crushing deacetylated chitin, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve, and taking undersize; the sodium bentonite powder is obtained by crushing sodium bentonite, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve and taking undersize.
Preferably, the first stirring speed is 700-900r/min, and the stirring time is 20-40min.
Preferably, the standing time is 10-16h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the precipitate to water in the mixed solution is 1.
Preferably, the speed of the second stirring is 800-1000r/min, and the stirring time is 20-40min.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the drying time is 16-20h.
In the actual operation process, the dried mixed powder is firstly ground into powder and then pressed and formed.
Preferably, the pressed compact is a hollow tubular pressed compact with the thickness of 8-12 mm.
The inventors found that when the green compact is a hollow tubular green compact having the above thickness, the adsorption performance is more excellent than that of green compacts having other shapes or sizes.
Further preferably, the outer diameter of the green compact is 18 to 22mm.
In a preferable scheme, the sintering temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 1-3h.
In the invention, the sintering time is controlled to be the time of completing the middle stage of sintering, and in the actual operation process, thermogravimetric curve analysis is carried out, and the process of no weight loss is avoided, namely volatile components such as pore-forming agent are completely gasified and volatilized, and then sintering is finished, so that the porous material with good strength and rich pores can be obtained.
The invention relates to application of a porous material based on montmorillonite, which is applied to treating heavy metal-containing wastewater.
Principles and advantages
The porous material based on the montmorillonite provided by the invention realizes the adsorption capacity of various metals and is a composite adsorption material through the synergistic effect of the montmorillonite, the deacetylated carapace, the sodium bentonite and the graphene oxide, and the adsorption capacity of the material is further improved by adding the sodium hydroxide, and the forming effect of the material can be improved, so that the porous material based on the montmorillonite can be formed into a required shape under the condition of not adding a binder. Meanwhile, the invention finally obtains the porous material based on the montmorillonite, which has rich pores, good strength and large specific surface area by optimizing the pore-forming agent and combining with a sintering procedure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, montmorillonite is used as a main raw material, the prepared composite heavy metal wastewater treatment material has a good removal effect on heavy metal lead ions and heavy metal copper ions, the removal efficiency is superior to that of the conventional modified montmorillonite at present, and the composite heavy metal wastewater treatment material has important market value and social value and can be widely applied to the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment.
The porous material based on the montmorillonite is a block material and is convenient to recover, the prepared adsorbing material matrix has good strength, thermal desorption can be carried out after heavy metal is adsorbed, and the material can not be structurally damaged due to heating, so that the material can be regenerated and reused, and the cyclic utilization of resources is realized.
Detailed Description
The technical means of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
A montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24 parts of montmorillonite, 17 parts of deacetylated chitin, 14 parts of sodium bentonite, 8 parts of a pore-forming agent (the pore-forming agent in unit parts is prepared from carbon powder and ammonium bicarbonate according to a mass ratio of 1.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing sodium hydroxide with distilled water to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution;
2) Respectively putting montmorillonite, deacetylated chitin and sodium bentonite into a crusher for crushing, and then sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
3) Respectively weighing montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder, adding sodium hydroxide solution 5 times of the total weight of the powder, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at a rotation speed of 800r/min for 25min, and standing for 12h.
4) Removing the supernatant of the mixture solution obtained in the step 3, and washing the precipitate with water for multiple times;
5) Mixing the washed precipitate with 12 parts of distilled water, adding graphene oxide into the mixed solution, stirring for 25min at the rotating speed of 800r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and performing vacuum filtration to obtain filter residue;
6) And (4) putting the filter residue obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum drying oven, drying at 80 ℃ for 18h, taking out, and grinding into powder to obtain the composite powder 1.
7) Placing the composite powder into a mold with a certain shape, and pressing into a hollow tubular pressed compact with an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 12mm and a thickness of 10mm by CIP under a certain pressing pressure.
8) And (3) placing the pressed compact in a vacuum sintering furnace, sintering for 1.5h at 650 ℃, finishing the middle sintering period, and cooling to obtain the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material.
Example 2
A montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26 parts of montmorillonite, 18 parts of deacetylated chitin, 15 parts of sodium bentonite, 10 parts of a pore-forming agent (the pore-forming agent in unit parts is prepared from carbon powder and ammonium bicarbonate according to a mass ratio of 1.
In the embodiment, the preparation method of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing sodium hydroxide with distilled water to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution;
2) Respectively putting montmorillonite, deacetylated chitin and sodium bentonite into a crusher for crushing, and then sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
3) Respectively weighing montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder, adding sodium hydroxide solution 5 times of the total weight of the powder, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at a rotation speed of 800r/min for 25min, and standing for 12h.
4) Removing the supernatant of the mixture solution obtained in the step 3, and washing the precipitate with water for multiple times;
5) Mixing the washed precipitate with 12 parts of distilled water, adding graphene oxide into the mixed solution, stirring for 25min at the rotating speed of 800r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and performing vacuum filtration to obtain filter residue;
6) And (4) putting the filter residue obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum drying oven, drying at 80 ℃ for 18h, taking out, and grinding into powder to obtain the composite powder 1.
7) Placing the composite powder into a mold with a certain shape, and pressing into a hollow tubular pressed compact with an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 12mm and a thickness of 10mm by CIP under a certain pressing pressure.
8) And (3) placing the pressed compact in a vacuum sintering furnace, and sintering at 650 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material.
Example 3
A montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of montmorillonite, 19 parts of deacetylated chitin, 16 parts of sodium bentonite, 12 parts of a pore-forming agent (the pore-forming agent in unit parts is prepared from carbon powder and ammonium bicarbonate according to a mass ratio of 1.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing sodium hydroxide with distilled water to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution;
2) Respectively putting montmorillonite, deacetylated chitin and sodium bentonite into a crusher for crushing, and then sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
3) Respectively weighing montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder, adding sodium hydroxide solution 5 times of the total weight of the powder, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at a rotation speed of 800r/min for 25min, and standing for 12h.
4) Removing the supernatant of the mixture solution obtained in the step 3, and washing the precipitate with water for multiple times;
5) Mixing the washed precipitate with 12 parts of distilled water, adding graphene oxide into the mixed solution, stirring for 25min at the rotating speed of 800r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and performing vacuum filtration to obtain filter residue;
6) And (4) putting the filter residue obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum drying oven, drying at 80 ℃ for 18h, taking out, and grinding into powder to obtain the composite powder 1.
7) Placing the composite powder into a mold with a certain shape, and pressing into a hollow tubular pressed compact with an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 12mm and a thickness of 10mm by CIP under a certain pressing pressure.
8) And (3) placing the pressed compact into a vacuum sintering furnace, and sintering at 650 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material.
Example 4
A montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of montmorillonite, 20 parts of deacetylated chitin, 17 parts of sodium bentonite, 14 parts of a pore-forming agent (the pore-forming agent in unit parts is prepared from carbon powder and ammonium bicarbonate according to a mass ratio of 1.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing sodium hydroxide with distilled water to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution;
2) Respectively putting montmorillonite, deacetylated chitin and sodium bentonite into a crusher for crushing, and then sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
3) Respectively weighing montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder, adding sodium hydroxide solution 5 times of the total weight of the powder, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at a rotation speed of 800r/min for 25min, and standing for 12h.
4) Removing the supernatant of the mixture solution obtained in the step 3, and washing the precipitate with water for multiple times;
5) Mixing the washed precipitate with 12 parts of distilled water, adding graphene oxide into the mixed solution, stirring for 25min at the rotating speed of 800r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and performing vacuum filtration to obtain filter residue;
6) And (4) putting the filter residue obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum drying oven, drying at 80 ℃ for 18h, taking out, and grinding into powder to obtain the composite powder 1.
7) Placing the composite powder into a mold with a certain shape, and pressing into a hollow tubular pressed compact with an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 12mm and a thickness of 10mm by CIP under a certain pressing pressure.
8) And (3) placing the pressed compact into a vacuum sintering furnace, and sintering at 650 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material.
Example 5
A montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of montmorillonite, 21 parts of deacetylated chitin, 18 parts of sodium bentonite, 16 parts of a pore-forming agent (the pore-forming agent in unit parts is prepared from carbon powder and ammonium bicarbonate according to a mass ratio of 1.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing sodium hydroxide with distilled water to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution;
2) Respectively putting montmorillonite, deacetylated chitin and sodium bentonite into a crusher for crushing, and then sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
3) Respectively weighing montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder, adding sodium hydroxide solution 5 times of the total weight of the powder, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at a rotation speed of 800r/min for 25min, and standing for 12h.
4) Removing the supernatant of the mixture solution obtained in the step 3, and washing the precipitate with water for multiple times;
5) Mixing the washed precipitate with 12 parts of distilled water, adding graphene oxide into the mixed solution, stirring for 25min at the rotating speed of 800r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and performing vacuum filtration to obtain filter residue;
6) And (4) putting the filter residue obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum drying oven, drying at 80 ℃ for 18h, taking out, and grinding into powder to obtain the composite powder 1.
7) Placing the composite powder into a mold with a certain shape, and pressing into a hollow tubular pressed compact with an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 12mm and a thickness of 10mm by CIP under a certain pressing pressure.
8) And (3) placing the pressed compact in a vacuum sintering furnace, and sintering at 650 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 3, the chitosan is not contained, and the rest is the same as the example 3.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 3 except that sodium bentonite was not contained as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
The composition was the same as in example 3 except that the composition contained no pore-forming agent as in example 3.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the embodiment 3, the graphene oxide is not contained, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 5
Compared with the embodiment 3, the montmorillonite powder, the deacetylated chitin powder and the sodium bentonite powder are directly added into water without adding sodium hydroxide, the rest is the same as the embodiment 3, firstly, in the process of pressing the mixture into the hollow tubular pressed blank, the problem of incomplete pressed blank is caused, the situation that the edges and corners of the pressed blank are easily removed is caused, and the controllable complete hollow tubular pressed blank cannot be formed.
Comparative example 6
The conventional modified montmorillonite was the same as example 3 except that it was not subjected to press molding and sintering, as compared with example 3.
The heavy metal adsorption test was carried out using examples 1 to 5 of the present invention, and the test procedure was as follows:
1) Preparing a plurality of equal parts of 0.2mol/L lead and copper mixed solution respectively;
2) Respectively adding the examples 1-5 into the mixed solution, and stirring for 30min under the stirring of a magnetic stirring bar;
3) And respectively carrying out vacuum filtration on the reacted solution, and determining the molar concentration of each heavy metal ion in the filtrate.
Removal rate of single heavy metal ion = (preh-C) 30min ) Initial value of C100%
The results are shown in table 1:
the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 table of heavy metal adsorption test results
From the above table, it can be analyzed that the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared by the invention has a good adsorption effect on heavy metal lead ions and heavy metal copper ions.
The heavy metal adsorption tests were carried out using comparative examples 1-6, the test procedure being as follows:
1) Preparing a plurality of equal parts of 0.2mol/L lead and copper mixed solution respectively;
2) Adding the comparative examples 1 to 6 into the mixed solution respectively, and stirring for 30min under the stirring of a magnetic stirrer;
3) And respectively carrying out vacuum filtration on the reacted solution, and determining the molar concentration of each heavy metal ion in the filtrate.
Removal rate of single heavy metal ion = (preh-C) 30min ) Initial value of C100%
The results are shown in table 2:
the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 table of heavy metal adsorption test results
The results of comparing and analyzing the data in tables 1 and 2 can be analyzed, and the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared by the invention is superior to the conventional modified montmorillonite adsorption material in heavy metal lead ions and heavy metal copper ions, so that the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material has an improvement significance.
Further, as can be seen by comparing the data of example 3 with that of comparative example 3, the adsorption performance of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared in example 3 on heavy metal ions is better than that of comparative example 3. Therefore, the method can be analyzed to obtain that the porosity of the final material is improved through the pore-forming agent, and the method is favorable for improving the adsorption effect of the material on heavy metals.
Further, as can be seen by comparing the data of example 3 with those of comparative examples 1 to 4, the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared in example 3 has better adsorption performance on heavy metal ions than any one of comparative examples 1 to 4. Therefore, the method can be analyzed and obtained, and the chitosan, the sodium bentonite, the pore-forming agent and the graphene oxide are added to perform synergistic action with the matrix component, so that the adsorption effect of the material on heavy metals can be improved.
Further, as can be seen by comparing the data of example 3 with comparative example 5, the adsorption performance of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared in example 3 on heavy metal ions is better than that of comparative example 5. Therefore, the method can be analyzed and obtained, and the sodium hydroxide is taken as a medium to mix all the components, so that the adsorption effect of the material on the heavy metal is favorably improved.
Further, as can be seen by comparing the data of example 3 with that of comparative example 6, the adsorption performance of the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared in example 3 on heavy metal ions is better than that of comparative example 6. Therefore, the montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared by the invention is superior to conventional modified montmorillonite adsorption materials in heavy metal lead ions and heavy metal copper ions, and has a progressive significance.
The montmorillonite-based composite heavy metal wastewater treatment porous material prepared in the embodiment 3 is subjected to heavy metal ion adsorption, then placed in a 5% alkaline potassium permanganate solution to be continuously stirred, soaked for 5-8 hours, washed to be neutral by deionized water after centrifugal treatment, dried to be constant weight and then reused, and reused in a test for 30 minutes, wherein the removal rate of 0.2mol/L copper ions and lead ions is respectively up to 96.71% and 99.9%.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modifications, equivalent changes, equivalent substitutions or replacements made on the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a porous material based on montmorillonite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder according to a designed proportion, adding the montmorillonite powder, deacetylated chitin powder and sodium bentonite powder into a sodium hydroxide solution, stirring for the first time, standing, carrying out solid-liquid separation for the first time, washing to obtain a precipitate, adding the precipitate into water to obtain a mixed solution, adding graphene oxide into the mixed solution, stirring for the second time, carrying out solid-liquid separation for the second time, drying to obtain mixed powder, carrying out compression molding on the mixed powder to obtain a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank to obtain the porous material based on montmorillonite;
the sodium hydroxide solution is obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide and water according to the mass ratio of 1;
the pressed compact is a hollow tubular pressed compact with the thickness of 8-12mm, and the outer diameter of the pressed compact is 18-22 mm;
the sintering temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 1-3h;
the porous material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-32 parts of montmorillonite, 15-21 parts of deacetylated chitin, 13-18 parts of sodium bentonite, 8-15 parts of pore-forming agent, 4-10 parts of graphene oxide and 2-9 parts of sodium hydroxide.
2. The method for preparing a porous material based on montmorillonite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first stirring speed is 700-900r/min, and the stirring time is 20-40min; the standing time is 10-16h.
3. The method for preparing a porous material based on montmorillonite according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the mixed solution, the mass ratio of the precipitate to water is 1; the second stirring speed is 800-1000r/min, and the stirring time is 20-40min.
4. The method for preparing a porous material based on montmorillonite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composition is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of montmorillonite, 19-21 parts of deacetylated chitin, 16-18 parts of sodium bentonite, 12-15 parts of pore-forming agent, 6-7 parts of graphene oxide and 4-6 parts of sodium hydroxide.
5. The method for preparing a porous material based on montmorillonite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pore-forming agent is at least one of starch, carbon powder, ammonium bicarbonate, PMMA microspheres and PS microspheres.
6. Use of a porous material based on montmorillonite prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the porous material is applied to treating wastewater containing heavy metals.
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