CN111160470B - Archaeological object form processing and analyzing method and device and computer storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of archaeological object analysis, and discloses a method and a device for processing and analyzing the morphology of an archaeological object and a computer storage medium. The method for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archaeological object comprises the steps of obtaining a photo/line drawing of the archaeological object and scale data; extracting contour curves of archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line drawing; carrying out data processing on the profile curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological object; based on the characteristic points and the scale data, the size parameters of the archaeological object are obtained. The method, the device and the computer storage medium for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archaeological object are characterized in that the characteristic points of the archaeological object are obtained by obtaining the image/line drawing of the archaeological object and the data of a scale, then extracting the contour curve of the archaeological object in the image/line drawing of the archaeological object and performing data processing; finally, the characteristic points are combined with the scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological object, so that accurate and rapid object measurement and analysis are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of archaeological object analysis, and particularly relates to a method and a device for processing and analyzing the morphology of an archaeological object and a computer storage medium.
Background
The type science is one of basic research methods of archaeology, and proper sorting of the objects is an important link in the research of the type science. The traditional object classification work is mainly based on the knowledge of archaeological workers on objects and the research purpose of the archaeological workers, so that the subjective performance is strong, necessary demonstration is easy to fade in the classification process, and whether the selected classification standard is favorable for reasonably distinguishing the objects or not is difficult to verify in order to meet the research purpose. Since the 90 s of the last century Chen Tiemei et al introduced means for quantitative studies into the morphological study of organs. It is possible to evaluate the classification standard of the object and the classification effect under the standard. However, the measurement means still stays at a relatively original stage for a long time, and manual measurement is always relied on, so that quantitative research on the objects on a large scale is difficult to realize; low density (meaning fewer measurement parameters selected for a single object) measurement data also limits the development of research methodologies to some extent. With the recent development and popularization of 3D scanning, photographic imaging and other technologies, higher-precision and high-density data can be provided for quantitative research, but corresponding theoretical methods are not established all the time, so that it is difficult to fully utilize such high-precision and particularly high-density data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an archaeological object form processing and analyzing method, device and computer storage medium, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for processing and analyzing the morphology of an archaeological object, including:
acquiring an archaeological object photo/line drawing and scale data;
extracting contour curves of the archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line drawing;
performing data processing on the profile curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological object;
and based on the characteristic points, combining the scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological object.
Further, the method for obtaining the archaeological object photo/line drawing and the scale data comprises the following steps:
placing a plurality of pure-color squares with known lengths around the archaeological object entity;
and shooting or scanning the archaeological object and the solid square by using a camera or a scanning device to obtain an archaeological object photo/line drawing and scale data.
Further, after extracting the contour curve of the archaeological object in the archaeological object photo/line drawing, the method further includes:
and carrying out noise reduction treatment on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
Further, the method for performing noise reduction processing on the profile curve comprises the following steps:
adopting the elimination minimum value or limiting and automatically filtering by using standard deviation and average value, and replacing invalid data which does not meet the condition with the average value of two adjacent valid data;
and carrying out multipoint average convolution operation by adopting a Gaussian curve algorithm to obtain a smooth contour curve.
Further, the method for processing the data of the contour curve and obtaining the characteristic points of the archaeological object comprises the following steps:
carrying out 1-order, 2-order and 3-order derivation on the profile curve to obtain a derivation result;
and extracting the position with the 1 st order derivative and the 3 rd order derivative of the derivative result as zero, and marking the position as the characteristic point of the archaeological object.
Further, after the dimensional parameters of the archaeological object are obtained, the method further includes:
based on the size parameters of the archaeological objects, classifying the archaeological objects by using a k-means algorithm.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an archaeological object shape processing and analyzing device, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the archaeological object photo/line drawing and the scale data;
the extraction module is used for extracting contour curves of the archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line drawing;
the characteristic data processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the profile curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological object;
and the dimension data processing module is used for obtaining dimension parameters of the archaeological object based on the characteristic points and the scale data.
Further, the archaeological object shape processing and analyzing device further comprises:
and the noise reduction processing module is used for carrying out noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an archaeological object form processing and analyzing device, where the device includes a processor and a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor, where the processor is configured to execute the steps of the above method when running the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the above method.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
according to the method, the device and the computer storage medium for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archaeological object, the characteristic points of the archaeological object are obtained by obtaining the image/line drawing of the archaeological object and the scale data, and then extracting the contour curve of the archaeological object in the image/line drawing of the archaeological object and performing data processing; and finally, combining the characteristic points with the scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological object, thereby realizing accurate and rapid object measurement and analysis.
Specific embodiments of the invention are disclosed in detail below with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not limited in scope thereby. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing and analyzing the morphology of an archaeological object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a coomassie diagram in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of contour extraction of an archaeological object in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of noise in a pixel diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a pixel diagram after noise reduction in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a change of a derivative of a profile curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a key point of a derivative of a profile curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the separation of the objects according to the first derivative and third derivative keypoints according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a block diagram of an archaeological object shape processing and analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing and analyzing an archaeological object shape, including:
step S1: and obtaining archaeological object photos/line drawings and scale data.
In a specific implementation process, the method for acquiring the archaeological object photo/line drawing and the scale data in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
placing a plurality of pure-color squares with known lengths around the archaeological object entity;
and shooting or scanning the archaeological object and the solid square by using a camera or a scanning device to obtain an archaeological object photo/line drawing and scale data.
Since the length of the solid-color square is known, the true size of the archaeological object can be obtained by taking the solid-color square as a reference. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, pure black square is preferably adopted, and black is insensitive to ambient interference color light, so that the processing effect is better. In practice, other solid color entities can be used instead as long as the illumination environment is reasonable.
After the archaeological object photo/line drawing and the scale data are obtained, step S2 is performed: and extracting contour curves of the archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line drawing.
The required information is extracted from the information source, and is a precondition for further analysis and research. The information source adopted in the embodiment of the invention is archaeological pictures/line diagrams, and the needed information is the outline information of the objects, so that the outline information of the objects in the line diagrams is extracted at first, and an outline curve is extracted.
The archaeological photograph/line graph format in the embodiment of the invention is a bitmap (an image formed by combining a plurality of pixels), and each point (pixel) on the image contains two kinds of information, namely coordinate position information (x, y) of the pixel point and color information (r, g, b) of the pixel point. The color of the archaeological object body and the color of the background environment can be easily distinguished through the archaeological graph or the photo obtained by taking the pure color curtain as the background and irradiating the pure color curtain with a bright light source. Taking the archaeological graph as an example, as shown in fig. 2, the background is almost white (255, 255, 255) and the line of the archaeological object is almost pure black (0, 0) (the corresponding values of black and white may be interchanged according to different color rules, but the black and white are not affected to form two extremum values), taking the color as the standard, extracting the point with the color being blackish (i.e. representing the line of the line drawing), for example, defining the color value thereof to be less than (10, 10, 10), the outline line of the object can be extracted more easily, as shown in fig. 3. Of course, in the practical application process, the specific values set according to the color of the object and the actual background color, illumination, etc. can be slightly adjusted, but these are only means for making the shape of the object in the photo clearer, and if a 3D model is adopted as a data source, the outline shape of the archaeological object can be easily obtained by means of projection, etc. without such processing.
In a specific implementation process, two methods for extracting contour curves of archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line graph are provided, and the methods are specifically as follows:
for objects with stronger symmetry, all (n) pixel points P [ P ] on the image can be measured from top to bottom 1 ,p 2 ,…,p n ,]Width W [ W ] of (2) 1 ,w 2 ,…,w n ]The shape of the edge on the side of the actual object is shown as width W/2. The method has the advantages of simultaneously taking the edge shapes of two sides into consideration, and reducing the number of noiseAccording to the influence. The disadvantage is also that the method is not suitable for the objects with poor symmetry because the information of the two side edges is processed on average.
When the symmetry of the processed object is poor, a longitudinal dividing line can be drawn to divide the object into left and right sides, with the abscissa x of the dividing line v As a threshold. Then for any point p on the image i (x i ，y i ) Satisfy x i <x v I.e. the point to the left of the separation line, satisfies x i >x 0 I.e. the point to the right of the separation line. The disadvantage of this method is that when the physical form of the real object is complex, an ideal separation line cannot be obtained by simple calculation of the average, and the threshold value x is set manually v . Of course, if the asymmetry on both sides of the object is not too severe, it is still feasible to automatically obtain the separation line by calculating the half average of the abscissa of all points, by the following method:
wherein x is v For the separation line abscissa value, n is the total number of all pixel points of the organic line graph.
The first method is adopted because the symmetry of the selected object is strong. All (n) points P [ P ] from top to bottom through the recorder 1 ,p 2 ,…,p n ,]Width W [ W ] of (2) 1 ,w 2 ,…,w n ,]And the height position H [ H ] of each width 1 ,h 2 ,…,h n ,]The outer contour of the object is converted into a set of two-dimensional points, and the shape information of the object (contour) is completely reserved by the set of the two-dimensional points, so that the shape curve can be called as a shape curve temporarily.
In the process of extracting the contour curve of the archaeological object in the archaeological object photo/line drawing, the problem of missing of few position width values is generated due to missing of individual pixels; while the un-missing data also fluctuates irregularly around the true value. The former appears as a number of vertical black lines (data loss results in a width value of 0) on the image, and the latter appears as a number of "jaggies" that can be observed after a certain segment of "shape curve" is enlarged to a certain extent on the image, as shown in fig. 4.
While these "noise" data do not affect the human perception of the shape of the object as a whole, they are subject to large errors when further analysis is required to accurately define the shape of the object, and therefore, elimination of these "noise" is desirable. Therefore, in a further embodiment, after extracting the contour curve of the archaeological object in the archaeological object photo/line drawing, the method further comprises:
and carrying out noise reduction treatment on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for performing noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve includes:
the invalid data which does not meet the condition is replaced by the average value of two adjacent valid data by adopting the automatic filtering of eliminating the minimum value or limiting by the standard deviation and the average value, so that the noise of the missing of the few position width values caused by the missing of the individual pixels, namely the vertical black line in fig. 4, is eliminated.
And carrying out multipoint average convolution operation by adopting a Gaussian curve algorithm to obtain a smooth contour curve, thereby eliminating saw teeth.
Specifically, let each point p i (h i ，w i ) The value y of (2) i Subject to 2k points nearby (i.e. p i With k points before and after it). Generate p i Position h of i In the center, k is (2k+1) values G [ G ] subject to a Gaussian distribution, the standard deviation (k is the standard deviation of the distribution here since it is desirable to consider the k points before and after one another) 1 ,g 2 ,…,g 2k+1 ]As the weight of each point, for each point p i (h i ，w i ) Width value w of (a) i And (4) recalculating:
this smoothing approach better eliminates "jaggies" with little impact on the overall shape information of the object. And the method can also be used for interpolation between data, and the dimension of the data is changed without changing the overall trend, so that two groups of data with arbitrary lengths can be compared through scaling.
The processed data almost coincides with the original data, but the previous "vertical black lines" and "jaggies" are no longer present, as shown in fig. 5.
And (3) performing noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve, and then executing step S3: and carrying out data processing on the profile curve to obtain the characteristic points of the archaeological object.
In a specific implementation process, the method for acquiring the characteristic points of the archaeological object by performing data processing on the profile curve in the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
and carrying out 1-order, 2-order and 3-order derivation on the profile curve to obtain a derivation result.
Specifically, since the derivative is essentially a linear approximation of the function locally by the concept of a limit, the derivative of a point on the function can be expressed as the slope of the line between the point and a point adjacent to the limit nearby, and the slope of the line between the point and the point nearby can be used to approximate the derivative of the point at higher data densities, thus, as shown in FIG. 6, the embodiment of the invention uses the following calculation formula to calculate each point p i (h i ，w i ) Is the derivative approximation y of (2) i ：
The calculation mode is adopted without considering the shape of the curve, that is, no matter what the device is, the derivative can be calculated approximately through the algorithm without searching the functional relation of the original shape curve.
Similarly, any point p on the curve function is based on the first derivative i (h i ，w i ) A kind of electronic deviceThe second derivative can be calculated by:
w″ i =(w′ i ) "i.e.)
On the basis of the second derivative, the third derivative can be obtained:
w i ″′＝(w i ″)′
and based on the characteristic points, combining the scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological object.
And after obtaining the derivative result, extracting the position where the 1 st order derivative and the 3 rd order derivative are zero in the derivative result, and marking the position as the characteristic point of the archaeological object.
W 'found in W' i The position of=0, i.e. the position of the more important turning point on the original curve, is shown in fig. 7. The practical meaning of these points is the turning point, i.e. local maxima/minima, at which the curve trend changes from upward (or downward) to downward (or upward). The position wi "=0 in the second derivative W", i.e. the position where the slope of the morphological curve is unchanged, i.e. the transition point of the convex-concave transition of the object profile, which is different from the turn, is not changed in the profile trend. The position of wi '"=0 in the third derivative W'" indicates the position where the morphology change trend is accelerated or slowed down.
Considering the practical situation of separating the objects in archaeological work, points with the 1 st derivative and the 3 rd derivative value of 0 are generally selected as key points to separate the objects.
After step S3 is completed, step S4 is performed: and based on the characteristic points, combining the scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological object.
In a specific implementation process, in order to better sort the archaeological object, after obtaining the dimensional parameter of the archaeological object, the method further includes:
based on the size parameters of the archaeological objects, classifying the archaeological objects by using a k-means algorithm.
Based on the ancient instrument shape processing and analyzing method, the embodiment of the invention also provides an archaeological instrument shape processing and analyzing device, which comprises:
an acquisition module 100 for acquiring archaeological object photographs/line drawings and scale data;
the extracting module 200 is used for extracting contour curves of the archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line drawing;
the feature data processing module 300 is configured to perform data processing on the profile curve, and obtain feature points of the archaeological object;
and the dimension data processing module 400 is used for obtaining the dimension parameters of the archaeological object based on the characteristic points and the scale data.
In a specific implementation process, the archaeological object shape processing and analyzing device further comprises:
and the noise reduction processing module 500 is configured to perform noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
Based on the ancient instrument shape processing and analyzing method, the embodiment of the invention also provides an ancient instrument shape processing and analyzing device, which comprises a processor and a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor is used for executing the steps of the method when running the computer program.
Based on the ancient implement morphology processing and analyzing method, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when being executed by a processor, realizes the steps of the method.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The method for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archaeological object is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring an archaeological object photo/line drawing and scale data;
extracting contour curves of the archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line drawing;
performing data processing on the profile curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological object;
based on the characteristic points, combining the scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological object;
wherein, draw the contour curve of archaeological object in the archaeological object photo/line drawing, include:
for the object with stronger symmetry, the width W of all pixel points P on the image is measured from top to bottom, and the shape of one side edge of the actual object is expressed in a width W/2 mode;
or, for the object with poor symmetry, dividing the object into left and right sides by a longitudinal dividing line, and dividing the object into two parts by the abscissa x of the dividing line v As a threshold, then for any point p on the image i (x i ，y i ) Satisfy x i <x v I.e. the point to the left of the separation line, satisfies x i >x 0 I.e. the point to the right of the separation line; wherein,
x v for the separation line abscissa value, n is the total number of all pixel points of the organic line graph.
2. The method for processing and analyzing the morphology of an archaeological object according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the photo/line drawing of the archaeological object and the scale data comprises the steps of:
placing a plurality of pure-color squares with known lengths around the archaeological object entity;
and shooting or scanning the archaeological object and the solid square by using a camera or a scanning device to obtain an archaeological object photo/line drawing and scale data.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein after extracting the contour curves of the archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/map, the method further comprises:
and carrying out noise reduction treatment on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
4. The method for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archaeological object according to claim 3, wherein the method for performing the noise reduction processing on the contour curve comprises:
adopting the elimination minimum value or limiting and automatically filtering by using standard deviation and average value, and replacing invalid data which does not meet the condition with the average value of two adjacent valid data;
and carrying out multipoint average convolution operation by adopting a Gaussian curve algorithm to obtain a smooth contour curve.
5. The method for processing and analyzing the shape of the archaeological object according to claim 1, wherein the method for processing the profile curve and obtaining the feature points of the archaeological object comprises:
carrying out 1-order, 2-order and 3-order derivation on the profile curve to obtain a derivation result;
and extracting the position with the 1 st order derivative and the 3 rd order derivative of the derivative result as zero, and marking the position as the characteristic point of the archaeological object.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after obtaining the dimensional parameters of the archaeological object:
based on the size parameters of the archaeological objects, classifying the archaeological objects by using a k-means algorithm.
7. An archaeological object shape processing and analyzing device, which is characterized by comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the archaeological object photo/line drawing and the scale data;
the extraction module is used for extracting contour curves of the archaeological objects in the archaeological object photo/line drawing;
the characteristic data processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the profile curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological object;
the dimension data processing module is used for obtaining dimension parameters of the archaeological object by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points;
the extraction module is specifically configured to:
for the object with stronger symmetry, the width W of all pixel points P on the image is measured from top to bottom, and the shape of one side edge of the actual object is expressed in a width W/2 mode;
or, for the object with poor symmetry, dividing the object into left and right sides by a longitudinal dividing line, and dividing the object into two parts by the abscissa x of the dividing line v As a threshold, then for any point p on the image i (x i ，y i ) Satisfy x i <x v I.e. the point to the left of the separation line, satisfies x i >x 0 I.e. the point to the right of the separation line; wherein,
x v for the separation line abscissa value, n is the total number of all pixel points of the organic line graph.
8. The archaeological object shape processing and analysis device according to claim 7, further comprising:
and the noise reduction processing module is used for carrying out noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
9. An archaeological object morphology processing and analysis device, characterized in that the device comprises a processor and a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor is adapted to perform the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 when the computer program is run.
10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that it has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 6.
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