CN111160470A - Archaeological object form processing and analyzing method, device and computer storage medium - Google Patents
Archaeological object form processing and analyzing method, device and computer storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of archaeological artifact analysis, and discloses an archaeological artifact form processing and analyzing method, an archaeological artifact form processing and analyzing device and a computer storage medium. The archaeological instrument form processing and analyzing method comprises the steps of obtaining an archaeological instrument photo/line graph and scale data; extracting a contour curve of the archaeological instrument in the archaeological instrument photo/line graph; carrying out data processing on the contour curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological artifact; and (4) obtaining the size parameters of the archaeological instrument based on the characteristic points and by combining the scale data. The archaeological instrument form processing and analyzing method, the device and the computer storage medium acquire the characteristic points of the archaeological instrument by acquiring the picture/line graph and the scale data of the archaeological instrument, then extracting the profile curve of the archaeological instrument in the picture/line graph of the archaeological instrument and performing data processing; and finally, combining the characteristic points with scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological instrument, thereby realizing accurate and rapid instrument measurement and analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of archaeological artifact analysis, and particularly relates to an archaeological artifact form processing and analyzing method, an archaeological artifact form processing and analyzing device and a computer storage medium.
Background
Typology is one of basic research methods of archaeology, and proper classification and ordering of objects is an important link in the research of typology. The traditional instrument classification work is mainly based on the knowledge of archaeological workers on instruments and research purposes thereof, and has strong subjectivity, so that some necessary argumentations are easily diluted in the classification process, whether the classification standard selected by the traditional instrument classification work is favorable for reasonably distinguishing the instruments, and the requirement on the research purposes is difficult to verify. Since the 90 s of the last century, chensidei mei et al introduced means of quantitative research into the study of the morphology of objects. Makes it possible to evaluate the classification standard of the object and the classification effect under the standard. However, the measurement means still stays at the original stage for a long time, and the quantitative research on the objects in a large scale is difficult to realize by depending on manual measurement all the time; the development of research methods is also limited to a certain extent by the low density of measurement data (which means that a single object has fewer measurement parameters). With the recent development and popularization of technologies such as 3D scanning and photographic imaging, higher-precision and high-density data can be provided for quantitative research, however, a corresponding theoretical method is not established all the time, and thus it is difficult to make full use of such high-precision and high-density data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an archaeological object form processing and analyzing method, an archaeological object form processing and analyzing device and a computer storage medium, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an archaeological artifact morphology processing and analyzing method, comprising:
acquiring an archaeological instrument photo/line graph and scale data;
extracting a contour curve of the archaeological instrument in the archaeological instrument photo/line graph;
carrying out data processing on the contour curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological artifact;
and obtaining the size parameter of the archaeological instrument by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points.
Further, the method for acquiring the archaeological instrument photo/line graph and the scale data comprises the following steps:
placing a plurality of pure color squares with known lengths around the archaeological object entity;
and shooting or scanning the archaeological object entity and the pure color square block by using a camera or a scanning device to obtain an archaeological object photo/line graph and scale data.
Further, after extracting the contour curve of the archaeological instrument in the archaeological instrument photo/line graph, the method further comprises:
and carrying out noise reduction treatment on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
Further, the method for denoising the contour curve comprises the following steps:
eliminating a minimum value or performing limited automatic filtering by using a standard deviation and an average value, and replacing invalid data which do not meet the conditions with the average value of two adjacent valid data;
and performing multi-point average convolution operation by adopting a Gaussian curve algorithm to obtain a smooth profile curve.
Further, the method for performing data processing on the contour curve to obtain the feature points of the archaeological artifact comprises the following steps:
carrying out 1-order, 2-order and 3-order derivation on the contour curve to obtain a derivation result;
and extracting positions of which the 1 st derivative and the 3 rd derivative are zero in the derivation result, and marking the positions as the characteristic points of the archaeological artifact.
Further, after obtaining the size parameter of the archaeological instrument, the method further comprises:
and classifying the archaeological object by using a k-means algorithm based on the size parameter of the archaeological object.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an archaeological device morphology processing and analyzing apparatus, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the archaeological instrument photo/line graph and the scale data;
the extraction module is used for extracting the profile curve of the archaeological instrument in the archaeological instrument photo/line graph;
the characteristic data processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the contour curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological artifact;
and the size data processing module is used for obtaining the size parameters of the archaeological artifact by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points.
Further, the archaeological instrument form processing and analyzing device further comprises:
and the noise reduction processing module is used for carrying out noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an archaeological artifact morphology processing and analyzing apparatus, the apparatus comprising a processor and a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the steps of the above method when running the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the above method.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
according to the method, the device and the computer storage medium for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archaeological artifact, provided by the invention, the characteristic points of the archaeological artifact are obtained by obtaining the picture/line graph of the archaeological artifact and the scale data, then extracting the contour curve of the archaeological artifact in the picture/line graph of the archaeological artifact and carrying out data processing; and finally, combining the characteristic points with scale data to obtain the size parameters of the archaeological instrument, thereby realizing accurate and rapid instrument measurement and analysis.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for processing and analyzing the morphology of an archaeological device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic archaeological plot of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of contour extraction of an archaeological artifact according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of noise in a pixel map according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of pixels after noise reduction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a section of derivative variation of a profile curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a derivative keypoint location of a profile curve in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the separation of a device according to the first derivative and the third derivative key points in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a block diagram of an archaeological object morphology processing and analyzing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for morphological processing and analysis of an archaeological artifact, comprising:
step S1: archaeological device photographs/line graphs and scale data were obtained.
In a specific implementation process, the method for acquiring the archaeological artifact photo/line graph and the scale data in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
placing a plurality of pure color squares with known lengths around the archaeological object entity;
and shooting or scanning the archaeological object entity and the pure color square block by using a camera or a scanning device to obtain an archaeological object photo/line graph and scale data.
Since the length of the solid color square is known, the true size of the archaeological object entity can be obtained with this as a reference. It should be noted that, the pure color square in the embodiment of the present invention preferably adopts a pure black square, and black is not sensitive to the interference color light in the environment, so the processing effect is better. In fact, other solid color entities can be used instead as long as the illumination environment is reasonable.
After the archaeological instrument photo/line drawing and the scale data are acquired, step S2 is executed: and extracting the contour curve of the archaeological instrument in the archaeological instrument photo/line graph.
The extraction of the required information from the information source is a prerequisite for further analysis and research. The information source adopted in the embodiment of the invention is an archaeological photo/line graph, and the required information is the outline information of the object, so the outline information of the object in the line graph is firstly extracted, and the outline curve is extracted.
The archaeological photo/line graph format in the embodiment of the invention is a bitmap (an image formed by combining a plurality of pixels), and each point (pixel) on the bitmap comprises two kinds of information, namely coordinate position information (x, y) of a pixel point and color information (r, g, b) of the pixel point. Through the archaeological line graph, or take a photograph obtained by taking a picture with a bright light source by taking a pure curtain as a background, the color of the archaeological device body and the color of the background environment can be distinguished easily. Taking an archaeological line graph as an example, as shown in fig. 2, a background is nearly white (255, 255, 255) and a line of an archaeological object is nearly pure black (0, 0, 0) (corresponding values of black and white may be interchanged according to different color rules, but black and white are not affected to form two extreme values), a point with a blackish color (i.e. representing a line graph line) is extracted by taking a color as a standard, for example, a color value of the point is defined to be less than (10, 10, 10), and a contour line of the object can be easily extracted, as shown in fig. 3. Of course, in the actual application process, the specific values set may be slightly adjusted according to the color of the object, the actual background color, the actual illumination, and the like, but these are only means for making the shape of the object in the photograph more clear, and if a 3D model or the like is taken as a data source, the contour shape of the archaeological object may be easily obtained by projection or the like without such processing.
In a specific implementation process, there are two methods for extracting the contour curve of the archaeological artifact in the archaeological artifact photo/line graph in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically as follows:
for the object with strong symmetry, all (n) pixel points P [ P ] on the image can be measured from top to bottom1,p2,…,pn,]Width W [ W ]1,w2,…,wn]The shape of one side edge of the actual implement is expressed by a width W/2. The method has the advantages that the edge shapes of two sides can be considered simultaneously, and the influence of 'noise' data is reduced. The disadvantage is also that the method is not suitable for objects with poor symmetry because the information of two side edges is processed averagely.
When the symmetry of the processed object is poor, a longitudinal separation line can be roughly drawn to divide the object into the left side and the right side, and the abscissa x of the separation line is used as the xvAs a threshold. For any point p on the imagei(xi，yi) Satisfy xi<xvI.e. the point on the left side of the separation line, satisfies xi>x0I.e. the point to the right of the separation line. The disadvantage of this method is that when the actual object shape is complicated, it is not possible to obtain an ideal separation line by simple calculation of the average and the like, and the threshold value x needs to be set manuallyv. Of course, if the asymmetry of the two sides of the object is not too severe, it is still feasible to automatically obtain the separation line by calculating the average of half of the abscissa of all points, and the calculation method is as follows:
wherein x isvIs the horizontal coordinate value of the separation line, and n is the total number of all pixel points of the object map.
The first method is used because the object selected in the text has strong symmetry. All (n) points P [ P ] from top to bottom through the recorder1,p2,…,pn,]Width W [ W ]1,w2,…,wn,]And the height position H [ H ] of each width1,h2,…,hn,]The outline of the object is converted into a group of two-dimensional points, the shape information of the object (outline) is completely reserved by the collection of the two-dimensional points, and the two-dimensional points can be temporarily called as 'shape curves'.
In the process of extracting the contour curve of the archaeological object in the archaeological object photo/line graph, the problem of few position width numerical values missing is caused by the missing of individual pixels; while the data that is not missing also fluctuates irregularly around the true value. The former appears as a number of longitudinal black lines on the image (data missing results in a width value of 0), and the latter appears as a number of "jaggies" on the image that are observable after a certain "shape curve" is enlarged to some extent, as shown in fig. 4.
Although these "noise" data do not affect the overall human knowledge of the shape of the object, they are subject to large errors when further analysis is required to accurately define the shape of the object, and therefore, it is desirable to eliminate these "noise". Therefore, in a further implementation, after extracting the contour curve of the archaeological artifact in the archaeological artifact photo/line graph, the method further comprises:
and carrying out noise reduction treatment on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for performing noise reduction on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve includes:
the 'noise' that few position width values are missing due to the missing of individual pixels, namely the 'vertical black line' in fig. 4, is eliminated by adopting the elimination of a minimum value or the automatic filtering with the standard deviation and the average value for limiting, and replacing invalid data which does not meet the condition with the average value of two adjacent valid data.
And performing multi-point average convolution operation by adopting a Gaussian curve algorithm to obtain a smooth profile curve, thereby eliminating 'saw teeth'.
Specifically, let each point pi(hi，wi) Value y ofiSubject to 2k points (i.e., p) in the vicinityiAnd k points before and after the same). Is generated with piAt a position hiCentered on k, (2k +1) values G [ G ] subject to Gaussian distribution with k being the standard deviation (since k points before and after the expectation of emphasis are taken into account, here with k being the standard deviation of the distribution)1,g2,…,g2k+1]As a weight for each point, p for each pointi(hi，wi) Width value w ofiCarrying out recalculation:
this smoothing preferably eliminates "jaggies" with little effect on the shape information of the object as a whole. And the method can also be used for interpolating between data, changing the data dimension without changing the general trend, so that two groups of data with any length can be compared through scaling.
The processed data almost coincides with the original data, but the previous "vertical black lines" and "jaggies" no longer exist, as shown in fig. 5.
After the noise reduction processing is performed on the contour curve to obtain a smooth contour curve, step S3 is executed: and carrying out data processing on the contour curve to obtain the characteristic points of the archaeological artifact.
In a specific implementation process, the method for performing data processing on the profile curve to obtain the feature points of the archaeological artifact in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
and carrying out 1-order, 2-order and 3-order derivation on the profile curve to obtain a derivation result.
Specifically, since the essence of the derivative is that the function is locally linearly approximated by the concept of the limit, the derivative of a certain point on the function can be represented as the slope of a connecting line between the point and a point adjacent to the nearby limit, and the slope of a straight line between the point and the adjacent point can be approximately used as the derivative of the point in the case of high data density, so that, as shown in fig. 6, the embodiment of the present invention calculates each point p by using the following calculation formulai(hi，wi) Derivative approximation y ofi：
The shape of the curve is not considered by adopting a calculation mode, namely, the derivative can be approximately calculated by the algorithm no matter what kind of object is, and the functional relation of the original shape curve is not required to be searched.
Similarly, on the basis of the first derivative, any point p on the curve functioni(hi，wi) The second derivative of (a) can be calculated as:
w″i=(w′i) Is to
On the basis of the second derivative, the third derivative can also be obtained:
wi″′＝(wi″)′
and obtaining the size parameter of the archaeological instrument by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points.
And after the derivation result is obtained, extracting the positions of which the derivatives of 1 order and 3 order are zero in the derivation result, and marking the positions as the characteristic points of the archaeological artifact.
W 'found in W'iThe position of 0 is the position of the more important turning point on the original curve, as shown in fig. 7. The practical meaning of these points is the turning point where the curve goes from upward (or downward) to downward (or upward), i.e. the local maximum/minimum. The position where wi ═ 0 in the second derivative W ″, i.e., the position where the slope of the shape curve does not change, i.e., the transition point of the concave-convex transition of the object profile, and such transition is different from the transition, the profile course does not change. The position of wi ″ ', 0 in the third derivative W ″', indicates a position where the trend of the morphology change is faster or slower.
In consideration of the practical situation of separating objects in archaeological work, points with derivative values of 0 in 1 st order and 3 rd order are generally selected as key points for separating the objects.
After completion of step S3, step S4 is executed: and obtaining the size parameter of the archaeological instrument by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points.
In a specific implementation process, in order to better finish the archaeological artifact, after obtaining the size parameter of the archaeological artifact, the method further comprises:
and classifying the archaeological object by using a k-means algorithm based on the size parameter of the archaeological object.
Based on the method for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archery object, the embodiment of the invention also provides a device for processing and analyzing the morphology of the archery object, which comprises:
the acquisition module 100 is used for acquiring the archaeological instrument photo/line graph and the scale data;
an extracting module 200, configured to extract a contour curve of the archaeological object in the archaeological object photo/line graph;
the characteristic data processing module 300 is used for performing data processing on the contour curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological artifact;
and the size data processing module 400 is used for obtaining the size parameters of the archaeological artifact by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points.
In a specific implementation process, the archaeological instrument form processing and analyzing device further comprises:
and the noise reduction processing module 500 is configured to perform noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
Based on the method for processing and analyzing an archery object morphology, the embodiment of the invention also provides an archery object morphology processing and analyzing device, which comprises a processor and a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor is used for executing the steps of the method when running the computer program.
Based on the method for processing and analyzing ancient object morphology, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program realizes the steps of the method when being executed by a processor.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. An archaeological device morphology processing and analyzing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring an archaeological instrument photo/line graph and scale data;
extracting a contour curve of the archaeological instrument in the archaeological instrument photo/line graph;
carrying out data processing on the contour curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological artifact;
and obtaining the size parameter of the archaeological instrument by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points.
2. The archaeological device morphology processing and analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring the archaeological device photo/line graph and scale data is as follows:
placing a plurality of pure color squares with known lengths around the archaeological object entity;
and shooting or scanning the archaeological object entity and the pure color square block by using a camera or a scanning device to obtain an archaeological object photo/line graph and scale data.
3. The method of archaeological artifact morphology processing and analysis of claim 1, wherein after extracting the contour curve of the archaeological artifact in the archaeological artifact photo/line graph, the method further comprises:
and carrying out noise reduction treatment on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
4. The archaeological device morphology processing and analysis method according to claim 3, wherein the method for denoising the contour curve comprises:
eliminating a minimum value or performing limited automatic filtering by using a standard deviation and an average value, and replacing invalid data which do not meet the conditions with the average value of two adjacent valid data;
and performing multi-point average convolution operation by adopting a Gaussian curve algorithm to obtain a smooth profile curve.
5. The archaeological artifact morphology processing and analyzing method according to claim 1, wherein the data processing is performed on the contour curve, and the method for obtaining the feature points of the archaeological artifact comprises:
carrying out 1-order, 2-order and 3-order derivation on the contour curve to obtain a derivation result;
and extracting positions of which the 1 st derivative and the 3 rd derivative are zero in the derivation result, and marking the positions as the characteristic points of the archaeological artifact.
6. The archaeological artifact morphology processing and analysis method according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining the size parameters of the archaeological artifact, the method further comprises:
and classifying the archaeological object by using a k-means algorithm based on the size parameter of the archaeological object.
7. An archaeological device morphology processing and analyzing device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the archaeological instrument photo/line graph and the scale data;
the extraction module is used for extracting the profile curve of the archaeological instrument in the archaeological instrument photo/line graph;
the characteristic data processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the contour curve to obtain characteristic points of the archaeological artifact;
and the size data processing module is used for obtaining the size parameters of the archaeological artifact by combining the scale data based on the characteristic points.
8. The archaeological device morphology processing and analyzing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the noise reduction processing module is used for carrying out noise reduction processing on the profile curve to obtain a smooth profile curve.
9. An archaeological device morphology processing and analysis apparatus, the apparatus comprising a processor and a memory for storing a computer program operable on the processor, wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 when the computer program is executed by the processor.
10. A computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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