CN111157135B - Indirect measurement method for surface temperature of quenched part - Google Patents
Indirect measurement method for surface temperature of quenched part Download PDFInfo
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- CN111157135B CN111157135B CN202010063849.9A CN202010063849A CN111157135B CN 111157135 B CN111157135 B CN 111157135B CN 202010063849 A CN202010063849 A CN 202010063849A CN 111157135 B CN111157135 B CN 111157135B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Abstract
An indirect measurement method for the surface temperature of a quenched part belongs to the application of a sensing measurement and control technology in heat treatment engineering. The invention adopts sonar-underwater sound signal sensor to collect underwater sound and vibration signal in the quenching and cooling process of workpiece, and indirectly calculates the surface temperature of parts according to the obtained mathematical model in advance, and grasps the water-discharging time. The invention improves the finished product rate of quenching parts and reduces the phenomena of cracking caused by over-low cooling temperature and insufficient hardness caused by over-high water outlet temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an indirect measurement method for the surface temperature of a quenched part, and belongs to the application of a sensing measurement and control technology in heat treatment engineering.
Background
The heat treatment process parameters of typical parts and typical materials have great influence on the performance, the selection of quenching, normalizing, annealing and tempering temperatures is generally paid much attention, the temperature adjustment is more researched according to the shape and size of the parts and the charging amount, but the adjustment of cooling parameters is usually ignored, the cooling parameters are actually very critical, and the serious loss is caused because the selection of the cooling parameters is improper and the work is insufficient for one step.
In the cooling process of the steel parts in the quenching tank, the surface temperature of the parts is rapidly reduced from about 800-. For example, a 45 steel part having a diameter of 10 mm or more is almost entirely cracked and costly as long as it is cooled from 800 degrees to 100 ℃ or lower.
In fact, with respect to steel parts, there are few parts that need to be cooled to room temperature in a quench medium, and most parts crack upon cooling to room temperature. How to control the outlet water temperature of the quenched part is of great importance. The solid line and the dotted line in fig. 1 are a schematic view of the actual temperature change of the surface of the workpiece (cooling curve) and an ideal cooling curve, respectively, which is a curve in which the workpiece is cooled more slowly in the high and low temperature stages and is cooled more rapidly around the "nose" temperature at which pearlite is most easily formed on the C curve representing the start and end times of the formation of pearlite structure during cooling.
The surface temperature of the steel part is gradually reduced from 800-900 ℃ in the quenching and cooling process, if the part is still, a complete air bubble film is formed on the surface of the workpiece firstly, namely the first-stage air bubble film stage, and the cooling speed is slow. This is because the surface temperature of the workpiece is high, and the heat radiated, convected, and conducted from the surface of the workpiece to the bubble film is larger than the vaporization heat of water contacting the surface of the workpiece. The sound emitted by the quenching member during the first stage is louder, but not loudest, and of higher frequency. Along with the reduction of the surface temperature of the workpiece, the heat provided by the surface of the workpiece below 400 ℃ is not enough to maintain a complete bubble film, and the second stage, namely the bubble film rupture stage, is entered, so that the cooling speed is fastest, and the bubble rupture sound is loudest. When the surface temperature of the workpiece is further reduced and is not enough below 200 ℃ to vaporize water contacting the surface, the third stage, namely the convection stage, is carried out, the cooling speed is reduced, the sound is gradually disappeared, if the workpiece is continuously cooled, the surface temperature of the workpiece can be too low, the stress of a quenching structure is too large, and the part is cracked and quenched. Certainly, if the workpiece cannot be watered too early and the surface temperature is too high, the heat of the center of the part after watering is further transmitted to the surface of the part, the surface temperature is possibly raised to be above the martensite transformation temperature, the cooling temperature curve is intersected with the C curve, and a certain proportion of pearlite products exist in the microstructure, so that the martensite microstructure with high hardness cannot be completely obtained, namely, quenching is not hardened, and the quenching fails like cracking.
Therefore, parts made of different materials and in different shapes and sizes need to be quenched to a proper surface temperature and then drained in time, so that the parts are ensured not to crack or soften to reach high hardness, and then are immediately tempered to eliminate brittleness, and ideal comprehensive performance is obtained. How to control the surface temperature of the workpiece in the cooling process and grasp the water outlet time is very important.
It is obviously impractical to directly measure the surface temperature of the workpiece because the workpiece needs to go through several steps of charging, heating, holding, discharging and quenching, and the workpiece may still move violently or the medium is stirred violently during the quenching cooling process to eliminate the bubble film and accelerate the cooling speed. Thus, the method of measuring the surface temperature of the workpiece using the touch sensor is difficult to implement. There is a need for a method to indirectly measure the change in surface temperature of a workpiece to control the optimal water discharge timing.
It is also impossible to measure the change of the surface temperature during the cooling process of the workpiece by using the infrared thermometer, because the radiation energy of the surface of the workpiece is not directly radiated to the receiving window of the infrared thermometer when the workpiece is in water or other quenching medium. Experienced workers often judge the change of the surface temperature of the workpiece according to the vibration sense on the hook and the sound of the bursting of the bubble film, so that a sensor and an electronic control technology are introduced into the quenching process, the requirement on the experience of the workers can be reduced by judging the manual experience through the sensor and a computer, and the automatic operation is realized. A passive sonar is arranged in the quenching tank to collect underwater sound waves and vibration signals and simultaneously collect a workpiece surface temperature change curve, so that the change of the workpiece surface temperature can be indirectly sensed according to the change of the sound and vibration signals in the water tank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an indirect measurement method for the surface temperature of a quenched part, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an indirect measurement method for the surface temperature of a quenched part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the common workpieces are classified and numbered according to the shape, the size and the material, and the number, the charging method and the placing position of the charging parts are required to be specified for each part;
the tools used were prepared: the device comprises a quenching tank, a computer and a sonar, wherein the sonar is arranged in quenching liquid of the quenching tank, and a thermocouple wire is welded on the surface of a workpiece sample and is connected with a computer data acquisition card;
2) heating and insulating a workpiece sample welded with a thermocouple wire, immediately connecting a thermocouple temperature measuring circuit by using a clamp after the workpiece sample is lifted out of a heat treatment furnace, and recording a surface temperature change curve of the workpiece sample in a quenching process;
meanwhile, a sonar is used for collecting sound signals in the quenching liquid, and a mathematical model of the relation between the surface temperature of the workpiece sample and vibration signals in the quenching liquid is established;
3) repeating the step 2) until the mathematical models of all the workpiece samples are established and stored in the computer;
4) in the production process, the thermocouple wires do not need to be welded on the surfaces of the workpieces, and only a mathematical model of a workpiece sample of a corresponding type needs to be called in a computer, and the surface temperature of the workpieces in the quenching liquid is solved according to signals collected by a sonar in the quenching liquid so as to master the taking-out time of the workpieces in the quenching liquid.
Furthermore, a control cabinet is also arranged to control the working state of the sonar and the quenching tank.
Furthermore, four stirrers are also arranged in the quenching tank and are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the quenching workpiece; each stirrer is provided with a frequency converter, and the four frequency converters are respectively controlled and connected by a control cabinet to adjust different frequencies to realize the distribution control of the flow field speed direction.
Furthermore, a temperature sensor for sensing quenching liquid is arranged in the quenching tank.
Furthermore, the control cabinet is connected with an audible and visual alarm, and when the surface temperature of the workpiece reaches a required value, the audible and visual alarm can be triggered to prompt workers to take out the workpiece from the quenching tank.
The invention relates to a set of computer software and hardware, which adopts sonar to indirectly measure the surface temperature of a workpiece, controls 4 frequency converters in a quenching tank through an upper computer (computer), and controls the flow speed and the flow field distribution of a quenching medium in the quenching tank by adjusting the power supply frequency of 4 motors. During normal production, a worker only inputs a workpiece sample number, and the system automatically selects the required cooling parameters, so that the system is very necessary for the actual conditions that the current work post has high mobility and the quality of the worker is not high.
The invention adopts sonar-underwater sound signal sensor to collect underwater sound and vibration signal in the quenching and cooling process of workpiece, and indirectly calculates the surface temperature of parts according to the mathematical model obtained by experiment, and grasps the water-discharging time. The invention improves the finished product rate of quenching parts and reduces the phenomena of cracking caused by over-low cooling temperature and insufficient hardness caused by over-high water outlet temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the change of the surface temperature of a quenching cooling workpiece and an ideal cooling curve;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a workpiece charging and thermocouple welding;
3-1, 3-2 are schematic diagrams of the relationship between the acoustic signal collected during the cooling process and the temperature (FIG. 3-1 is a computer display interface);
FIG. 4 illustrates the law of acoustic power and frequency spectrum with temperature;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the positions of the respective parts in the present invention.
Detailed Description
An indirect measurement method for the surface temperature of a quenched part comprises the following specific implementation methods:
firstly, welding a thermocouple wire on the surface of a special workpiece sample, and carrying out insulation treatment on the surface of the thermocouple wire. As shown in figure 2, after the workpiece is lifted out of the heat treatment furnace after the heating and heat preservation are finished, a thermocouple temperature measuring circuit is immediately connected by a clamp, and the surface temperature change curve of the workpiece is recorded. Meanwhile, an underwater sound sensor is used for collecting sound signals in water (see a schematic diagram 3), and a mathematical model of the relation between the temperature and the vibration signals is established (see a schematic diagram 4).
Of course, parameters of mathematical models of different parts and different charging amounts are changed, and the mathematical models need to be respectively established for workpieces of different materials and different shapes and sizes.
After the mathematical model is established, no thermocouple wire is needed to be welded on the surface of the part in the formal production process. Regular enterprises in mass production, the furnace charge and even the arrangement mode of parts in the heating clamp are specified as shown in figure 2, so that a mathematical model is established for each typical product, a computer can call different model parameters by setting part numbers on a software interface before production each time, and the surface temperature of a workpiece is calculated by collecting sonar signals.
Fig. 4 shows the law of the acoustic power and the frequency spectrum varying with temperature, taking the workpiece as an example, the workpiece parameters are: a conical barrel with an outer diameter of 120mm and a length of 150 mm.
In fig. 4, a cooling temperature curve, an acoustic power spectrum, an acoustic waveform graph, a tissue transition C curve, and audio time-frequency distribution during cooling are shown.
It can be seen from the curve II in the figure that in the quenching and cooling process, the acoustic power curve has a peak value at about 400 ℃, then starts to decline, when the surface temperature of the workpiece is reduced to below 100 ℃, the acoustic power is reduced to a very low level, so that the surface temperature of the workpiece can be approximately calculated according to the magnitude and the variation trend of the acoustic power, once the temperature is suitable for triggering an acoustic-optic alarm to prompt workers, the workpiece can be lifted from the quenching tank, otherwise the quenching and cracking are possible.
Claims (1)
1. An indirect measurement method for the surface temperature of a quenched part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the common workpieces are classified and numbered according to the shape, the size and the material, and the number, the charging method and the placing position of the charging parts are required to be specified for each part;
the tools used were prepared: the device comprises a quenching tank, a computer and a sonar, wherein the sonar is arranged in quenching liquid of the quenching tank, and a thermocouple wire is welded on the surface of a workpiece sample and is connected with a computer data acquisition card; a control cabinet is also arranged to control the working state of the sonar and the quenching tank; four stirrers are also arranged in the quenching tank and are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the quenching workpiece; each stirrer is provided with a frequency converter, and the four frequency converters are respectively controlled and connected by a control cabinet to adjust different frequencies to realize the distribution control of the flow field speed direction; a temperature sensor for sensing quenching liquid is arranged in the quenching tank, the control cabinet is connected with an audible and visual alarm, and when the surface temperature of the workpiece reaches a required value, the audible and visual alarm can be triggered to prompt workers to take out the workpiece from the quenching tank;
2) heating and insulating a workpiece sample welded with a thermocouple wire, immediately connecting a thermocouple temperature measuring circuit by using a clamp after the workpiece sample is lifted out of a heat treatment furnace, and recording a surface temperature change curve of the workpiece sample in a quenching process;
meanwhile, a sonar is used for collecting sound signals in the quenching liquid, and a mathematical model of the relation between the surface temperature of the workpiece sample and vibration signals in the quenching liquid is established;
3) repeating the step 2) until the mathematical models of all the workpiece samples are established and stored in the computer;
4) in the production process, the thermocouple wires do not need to be welded on the surfaces of the workpieces, and only a mathematical model of a workpiece sample of a corresponding type needs to be called in a computer, and the surface temperature of the workpieces in the quenching liquid is solved according to signals collected by a sonar in the quenching liquid so as to master the taking-out time of the workpieces in the quenching liquid.
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| CN112525949B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2023-08-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for predicting quenching temperature field tissue field through acoustic signals and medium temperature |
| CN113390533B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2023-07-25 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Method for detecting surface temperature of workpiece in heat treatment process |
Citations (5)
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| US6039472A (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2000-03-21 | Accusteel Ltd. | Method for measuring the temperature of a metallurgical furnace using an acoustic noise parameter and rate of consumption of electrical power |
| CN201166795Y (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2008-12-17 | 美的集团有限公司 | Temperature recognition device |
| CN205483246U (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-08-17 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | A equipment for supersound high temperature detection sound velocity calibration |
| CN206291973U (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-30 | 南京科润新材料技术有限公司 | A kind of wireless hardening media temperature acquisition system of high frequency |
| CN109115360A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-01 | 华北电力大学 | Water-cooling wall and its system for detecting temperature |
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- 2020-01-20 CN CN202010063849.9A patent/CN111157135B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6039472A (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2000-03-21 | Accusteel Ltd. | Method for measuring the temperature of a metallurgical furnace using an acoustic noise parameter and rate of consumption of electrical power |
| CN201166795Y (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2008-12-17 | 美的集团有限公司 | Temperature recognition device |
| CN205483246U (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-08-17 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | A equipment for supersound high temperature detection sound velocity calibration |
| CN206291973U (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-30 | 南京科润新材料技术有限公司 | A kind of wireless hardening media temperature acquisition system of high frequency |
| CN109115360A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-01 | 华北电力大学 | Water-cooling wall and its system for detecting temperature |
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