CN111157049A - System and method for rapidly evaluating aging performance of SCR (selective catalytic reduction) postprocessor of diesel vehicle - Google Patents

System and method for rapidly evaluating aging performance of SCR (selective catalytic reduction) postprocessor of diesel vehicle Download PDF

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CN111157049A
CN111157049A CN202010033286.9A CN202010033286A CN111157049A CN 111157049 A CN111157049 A CN 111157049A CN 202010033286 A CN202010033286 A CN 202010033286A CN 111157049 A CN111157049 A CN 111157049A
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scr catalyst
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郝利君
郝春晓
尹航
王军芳
谭建伟
葛蕴珊
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of an SCR postprocessor of a diesel vehicle, wherein the system comprises the following components: the system comprises an industrial control computer, a combustor, a diesel engine, an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst, a test pipeline, a data acquisition and regulation device, a sensor device, a urea nozzle, a urea pump and a urea box; the industrial control computer is connected with the data acquisition and regulation device; the electronic control modules of the diesel engine and the combustor are connected with the data acquisition and regulation device; an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine is connected with a burner in parallel; a urea nozzle, an SCR catalyst, a sensor device and a differential pressure flowmeter are arranged on the measuring pipeline; the data acquisition and regulation device is respectively connected with the sensor device and the differential pressure flowmeter; the data acquisition and regulation device is in control connection with the urea nozzle. The system simulates normal aging by utilizing the rapid aging of the SCR catalyst, tests the conversion efficiency of the SCR catalyst and rapidly evaluates the quality of the SCR catalyst. The system can obviously shorten the test period and reduce the economic cost.

Description

System and method for rapidly evaluating aging performance of SCR (selective catalytic reduction) postprocessor of diesel vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of diesel vehicle NOx emission control, in particular to a system and a method for quickly evaluating the aging performance of an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) postprocessor of a diesel vehicle.
Background
The diesel vehicle post-treatment device has poor working conditions and is easy to age, so that the purification efficiency of waste gas pollutants is reduced, and the vehicle emission performance is influenced, therefore, the durability of the post-treatment device is an important evaluation index of the vehicle emission performance and also an important factor for determining the vehicle performance and the emission quality.
NH3SCR systems are currently the most sophisticated and effective solution for removing NOx from diesel vehicles, V2O5-WO3/TiO2The catalyst is good in selectivity and sulfur resistance, so that the catalyst is applied to large-scale commercial application at first, but the further development of the catalyst in the field of NOx emission purification of motor vehicles is limited due to the reasons that the catalyst is low in low-temperature activity, narrow in activity range and poor in hydrothermal stability, toxic vanadium element is easy to volatilize to the atmospheric environment at high temperature, and the like, and the new generation of transition metal ion exchange molecular sieve catalyst, particularly Fe-based molecular sieve catalyst and Cu-based molecular sieve catalyst, is increasingly and widely applied due to the characteristics of wider activity window, stronger hydrothermal stability, environmental friendliness and the like. But at the present stage, especially for the national diesel vehicle NH3SCR system still at V2O5-WO3/TiO2The catalyst occupies a large share, and Fe-based and Cu-based molecular sieve catalysts are applied to the diesel vehicle in China on a large scale.
NOx conversion efficiency and durability are the main indicators used to evaluate the performance of the catalyst. The aging of the SCR catalyst deteriorates NOx emissions and also causes secondary pollution (ammonia slip). The main factor affecting the durability of the SCR postprocessor is aging deactivation, the reasons for the aging deactivation include high-temperature heat deactivation, sulfur poisoning, alkali metal poisoning, mechanical damage and the like, and the specific aging condition depends on the actual operation condition of the catalyst. With the continuous improvement of the quality of diesel oil and lubricating oil, the sulfur content in fuel oil and the content of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal in lubricating oil are obviously reduced, and are not the main factors causing the poisoning and deactivation of the catalyst. The structural design of the catalyst is continuously improved and optimized, and the damage and failure of the catalyst caused by mechanical damage are effectively controlled. Thus, high temperature thermal deactivation of the catalyst is currently the most significant factor causing aging of the SCR catalyst.
The aging part of the post-processor can be divided into a normal aging post-processor, an emission limit critical post-processor and an OBD critical limit post-processor when the specified endurance mileage of the automobile is finished. Experimental studies show that most diesel vehicle SCR after-processors can still meet emission performance requirements at the end of a durable driving mileage on the premise of normal maintenance and use of diesel vehicles, but for some SCR after-processors with quality defects or inferior performance, the emission of diesel vehicles can exceed the emission limit. The durability check of the vehicle exhaust pollutant emission control system is an important content of vehicle information disclosure, and the durability requirement of the exhaust pollutant emission control system is met when the automobile adopting the exhaust aftertreatment device is subjected to type inspection and production consistency check according to national standards.
In recent years, the country highly pays attention to the work of preventing and controlling the atmospheric pollution, wherein the elimination of the yellow-mark vehicle is an important measure for reducing the pollution emission of mobile sources and protecting the atmospheric environment. Under the background, in part of cities and regions in China, yellow-marked vehicles which are expensive in price, less in using mileage and higher in residual value at present are subjected to in-use vehicle transformation, and the cities and regions in which the yellow-marked vehicle transformation is carried out currently have Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Hangzhou, Shandong and the like. In the yellow-standard vehicle transformation process, in the face of the unsmooth market of the motor vehicle emission post-treatment device, a method for quickly evaluating the performance of the motor vehicle emission post-treatment device is urgently needed when the motor vehicle emission post-treatment device is selected.
At present, SCR post-processors meeting different emission control requirements exist in the market, and a vanadium-based SCR post-processor, a copper-based molecular sieve SCR post-processor and an iron-based molecular sieve SCR post-processor exist, and due to different vehicle use conditions and product differences, deep research on an SCR catalyst deactivation mechanism, a rapid aging test procedure and an evaluation method is needed.
At present, the durability of the automobile exhaust aftertreatment device is generally checked by adopting the aging cycle of the whole automobile or an engine specified by a standard, and the test process is long in time consumption and consumes a lot of material resources and financial resources. According to different matched vehicle types, the evaluation method and the standard are not unified, so that the rapid aging evaluation technical method and the standard of the post-processor are urgently needed to be determined aiming at the industry of the automobile exhaust post-processing device, the aging test time of the SCR post-processor product is shortened, the manpower, material resources and financial resources of a production enterprise are reduced, the cost of the enterprise is saved, and the benefit is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a system and a method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of a diesel vehicle SCR post-processor, which can significantly shorten the test period and reduce the economic cost.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for quickly evaluating aging performance of an SCR post-processor of a diesel vehicle, including: SCR postprocessor conversion efficiency detection equipment, an industrial control computer, a combustor and a diesel engine;
wherein, SCR aftertreatment ware conversion efficiency check out test set includes: the system comprises a data acquisition and regulation device, a sensor device, an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst, a test pipeline, a differential pressure flowmeter, a urea nozzle, a urea pump and a urea box;
the sensor device includes: first and second NOx sensors and first and second temperature sensors;
the industrial control computer is connected with the data acquisition and regulation device;
the electronic control modules of the diesel engine and the combustor are connected with the data acquisition and regulation device;
an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine is connected with the combustor in parallel, and the collected exhaust is discharged into the test pipeline;
the measuring pipeline is sequentially provided with the first NOx sensor, the urea nozzle, the first temperature sensor, the SCR catalyst, the second temperature sensor, the second NOx sensor and the differential pressure flowmeter; one end of the urea pump is connected with the urea box, and the other end of the urea pump is connected with the urea nozzle;
the data acquisition and regulation device is in control connection with the urea nozzle;
the data acquisition and regulation and control device is respectively in communication connection with the first NOx sensor, the second NOx sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the differential pressure flowmeter.
Further, the first temperature sensor is installed at a predetermined distance from a front end surface of the SCR catalyst according to the type of the diesel engine.
Further, the device also comprises a dynamometer; the dynamometer is connected with the power output end of the diesel engine and absorbs the power output of the diesel engine.
Furthermore, the main control chip of the data acquisition and control device adopts an MC9S12DP256 chip and is in communication connection with the sensor device and an electronic control module of the diesel engine by adopting a CAN bus.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle, which includes:
testing and collecting the exhaust temperature data of the diesel vehicle according to the actual road operation condition; the operating point data is as follows: representing the engine speed/load characteristic to cover the engine speed/load operation condition of the preset proportion in the test data;
classifying and grouping the temperature data acquired by the first temperature sensor into units, and finishing data statistical analysis by utilizing cluster analysis to obtain a temperature-time data spectrum of the SCR catalyst;
converting the temperature-time data spectrum of the SCR catalyst into a selected rapid aging temperature-time parameter by adopting an Arrhenius formula;
and calculating the single-point rapid aging temperature and the aging time at the aging temperature or calculating the multipoint rapid aging temperature and the corresponding time cycle according to the endurance mileage regulations of the vehicle corresponding to the diesel engine.
Further, the arrhenius formula is an empirical formula characterizing the relationship between the rate constant of chemical reaction and the temperature, and is as follows:
k＝e-Ea/RT(1)
(1) wherein k is a rate constant and R is a molar gas constant; t is the thermodynamic temperature and Ea is the activation energy.
Further, according to the endurance mileage regulations of the vehicle corresponding to the diesel engine, calculating a single-point rapid aging temperature and an aging time at the aging temperature, or calculating a multi-point rapid aging temperature and a corresponding time cycle, comprising:
calculating equivalent aging time corresponding to the rapid aging temperature based on the time and temperature distribution characteristics of the conventional aging process of the SCR postprocessor, wherein the function relation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002365109150000041
(2) in the formula, TrFor a selected rapid aging temperature;
Figure BDA0002365109150000042
for rapid ageing temperature TrThe equivalent time of;
Figure BDA0002365109150000043
the average value of the temperatures of the SCR catalyst temperature interval i of the actual road operation test is shown,
Figure BDA0002365109150000044
is composed of
Figure BDA0002365109150000045
Counting the sum of time at temperature; eaIs activation energy;
the rapid aging temperature TrCumulative time teIs shown as
Figure BDA0002365109150000051
(3) In the formula, teFor rapid ageing temperature TrThe accumulated aging time; i is the number of the temperature interval, wherein 1 is the number of the lowest temperature interval, and n is the number of the highest temperature interval.
Further, the method further comprises:
the data acquisition and regulation device controls the urea injection quantity according to the NOx concentration and the airspeed, inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the SCR catalyst and the control requirement of the target ammonia-nitrogen ratio, and the SCR catalyst tests the conversion efficiency of NOx;
the SCR catalyst conversion efficiency is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002365109150000052
(4) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002365109150000053
NOx conversion efficiency for the SCR catalyst; cinMass concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet of the SCR catalyst; coutMass concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the catalyst;
and when the NOx conversion efficiency of the SCR catalyst meets a preset condition, judging that the SCR postprocessor is qualified.
The embodiment of the invention provides a system for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of an SCR postprocessor of a diesel vehicle, which comprises: SCR postprocessor conversion efficiency detection equipment, an industrial control computer, a combustor and a diesel engine; in the system, a diesel engine is used as an exhaust gas source so as to truly present the exhaust component and concentration characteristics of the diesel engine; the exhaust temperature of the diesel engine under the common working condition is not higher than 600 ℃, so that a combustor is connected in parallel with an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine to improve the exhaust temperature, finally the collected exhaust is discharged into a rapid aging performance testing pipeline of an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) post-processor, the highest inlet temperature of the SCR catalyst can reach 800 ℃ under the cooperative working condition of the diesel engine combustor, and the rapid aging test of the whole set of post-processing device of the vanadium-based SCR catalyst, the Cu-based molecular sieve and the Fe-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst can be realized.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of an SCR post-processor of a diesel vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing real-time variation characteristics of an actual running speed of a diesel vehicle, an inlet temperature of an SCR catalyst, a bed temperature of the SCR catalyst, and an outlet temperature of the SCR catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of conventional aging time-temperature characteristics of a vanadium-based SCR catalyst converted to equivalent single point aging temperature-time;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of aging time at 800 ℃ for various operating temperature intervals, time distribution characteristics and rapid aging temperature of an iron-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst;
FIG. 5 is a histogram of conventional aging time-temperature behavior of a copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst equivalent to single point aging temperature-time;
fig. 6 is a histogram of the conventional aging time-temperature profile equivalent to multipoint rapid aging temperature-time for a copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, a system for rapidly evaluating aging of an SCR post-processor of a diesel vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: SCR postprocessor conversion efficiency detection equipment and industrial control computer 2, burner 3 and diesel engine 4;
wherein, SCR aftertreatment ware conversion efficiency check out test set includes: the system comprises a data acquisition and regulation device 1, a sensor device, a urea nozzle 6, an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalytic converter 8, a test pipeline 10, a urea pump 12 and a urea box 13; the sensor means comprise a plurality of NOx sensors 5 and temperature sensors 7; for convenience of description, the first NOx sensor, the second NOx sensor, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are named in particular;
the industrial control computer is connected with the data acquisition and regulation device, acquires data and signals transmitted by the data acquisition and regulation device, and performs corresponding real-time display, so that a tester can conveniently perform test operation. The data acquisition and regulation device is respectively connected with an electronic control module, a sensor device, a urea nozzle and a combustor of the diesel engine to perform function control or acquire data; the data acquisition and regulation device regulates and controls the urea solution injection of the urea nozzle according to the acquired temperature data and the nitrogen oxygen value, so that the reaction is met and the injection amount of the urea solution is accurately controlled.
Ammonia (NH) gas decomposed from urea solution in SCR catalytic reduction3) Reacting with NOx to generate water and nitrogen, wherein ammonia generated by the decomposition of urea is used as a reducing agent to reduce NOx compounds; in the chemical reaction, the liquid atomization mode can enlarge the contact area of the urea solution and improve the reaction efficiency. The urea atomization is completed by an atomization device consisting of a urea pump, a urea box and a urea nozzle. The urea solution injection quantity is regulated and controlled by a data acquisition and regulation and control device.
In this embodiment, in order to make the aging and performance testing environment of the SCR post-processor more truly approximate to the actual working conditions, the rapid aging performance testing system of the SCR post-processor of the diesel vehicle adopts the diesel engine 4 as the exhaust gas source, so as to truly present the exhaust component and concentration characteristics of the diesel engine. Because the exhaust temperature of the diesel engine under the common working condition is not higher than 600 ℃, a combustor 3 is connected in parallel with an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine to improve the exhaust temperature, finally the collected exhaust is discharged into a rapid aging performance testing pipeline 10 of the SCR post-processor, the highest inlet temperature of the SCR catalyst 8 can reach 800 ℃ under the cooperative working condition of the diesel engine combustor 3, and the rapid aging test of the whole set of post-processing devices of the vanadium-based SCR catalyst, the Cu-based and Fe-based SCR molecular sieve catalyst can be realized. The system is used for testing the rapid aging characteristic and the conversion efficiency of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle. The system can obviously shorten the test period and reduce the economic cost.
Further, the first temperature sensor is installed at a predetermined distance from the front end surface of the SCR catalyst according to the type of the diesel engine 4. Specifically, for example, the requirements of the first temperature sensor measurement position are as follows: for the SCR of the light diesel vehicle, the first temperature sensor 7 is 25mm away from the upstream of the front end surface of the carrier of the SCR catalytic converter 8; for the SCR catalyst 8 for heavy diesel vehicles, the first temperature sensor 7 is located 100mm upstream from the front end face of the carrier of the SCR catalyst 8. A first NOx sensor and a second NOx sensor are installed in front of and behind the SCR catalyst, so that the aging process can be monitored in real time through the NOx sensors, and the conversion efficiency of the SCR catalyst can be tested.
Further, a differential pressure flowmeter 9 is arranged on an exhaust test pipeline 10 behind the SCR catalyst 8, and the exhaust flow can be detected to calculate and determine the airspeed of the SCR catalyst.
Further, the data collecting and controlling device main control chip CAN adopt MC9S12DP256 of Freescale company, and CAN communication mode to communicate with the NOx sensor 5 and the Electronic Control Module (ECM) of the diesel engine 4 to exchange data. The data acquisition and control device acquires signals of the NOx sensor 5, the temperature sensor 7 and the differential pressure flowmeter 9, calculates the exhaust flow and the airspeed, transmits the exhaust flow, the exhaust temperature, the airspeed and the NOx sensor signals to the industrial control computer 2, displays the signals in real time, and is convenient for testers to perform test operation.
The evaluation and test of the aging performance of the diesel vehicle postprocessor are difficult to realize, and especially the exhaust temperature of the diesel vehicle is low, so that the condition for realizing rapid aging on the rack is harsh and difficult to realize. Therefore, various aging simulation methods are provided abroad, and each aging simulation method is based on a large number of real vehicle running test verifications, so that the aging mode must be consistent with the mechanism of the natural aging process in the use of the actual post-processing device as much as possible.
The after-treatment technology (including structure, support materials, catalyst formulation, and coating technology) in diesel vehicles can vary significantly for different emission control stages. Therefore, different post-processing device rapid evaluation technical rules should be made for different post-processing products or families.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
s1, testing and collecting the exhaust temperature data of the diesel vehicle according to the actual road operation condition; the operating point data is as follows: representing the engine speed/load characteristic to cover the engine speed/load operation condition of the preset proportion in the test data;
s2, classifying and grouping the temperature data acquired by the first temperature sensor into units, and finishing data statistical analysis by utilizing cluster analysis to obtain a temperature-time data spectrum of the SCR catalyst;
s3, adopting an Arrhenius formula to calculate and convert the temperature-time data spectrum of the SCR catalyst into a selected rapid aging temperature-time parameter;
and S4, calculating the single-point rapid aging temperature and the aging time at the aging temperature or calculating the multipoint rapid aging temperature and the corresponding time cycle according to the endurance mileage regulations of the vehicle corresponding to the diesel engine.
The method is used for evaluating the conversion performance and the durability of the SCR postprocessor at the end of the effective service life of the diesel vehicle. By adopting the rapid aging evaluation method, the aging time of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle can be greatly shortened, and the aging time of thousands of hours or even nearly ten thousand hours required by conventional aging can be shortened to a rapid aging process of dozens of hours to hundreds of hours.
In the implementation, according to the requirement of the emission test working condition ratio (urban/suburban/high-speed working condition ratio) of the actual road of the heavy-duty vehicle, the temperature-time distribution characteristic of the SCR catalyst under the actual road driving condition of the heavy-duty vehicle is tested, a temperature-time data spectrum of a representative SCR postprocessor component is obtained by utilizing cluster analysis, and the temperature-time characteristic of the SCR catalyst of the diesel engine acquired under the actual road test working condition is converted into the temperature-time cycle parameter of the rapid aging cycle by adopting an Arrheniusequation. And according to the endurance mileage regulations of the diesel vehicle, calculating the single-point rapid aging temperature and the aging time at the aging temperature, or calculating the multipoint rapid aging temperature and the corresponding time cycle.
The method of the present embodiment is explained in detail in three aspects below;
1) operating temperature-time characteristic of SCR (selective catalytic reduction) postprocessor of diesel vehicle
The aging characteristic of the diesel vehicle SCR postprocessor is closely related to the using condition of the diesel vehicle SCR postprocessor, and the obtained working temperature characteristic of the diesel vehicle SCR postprocessor in the endurance period is basic data for establishing a rapid aging cycle equivalent to the conventional aging effect of the SCR postprocessor.
The diesel vehicle engines with different purposes have different use conditions and actual operation conditions, so that the working conditions of the aftertreatment system, such as temperature, airspeed and the like, are different due to different speed/load distribution in different working ranges of the diesel vehicle engines. Therefore, different post-treatment device rapid evaluation technical rules are set according to actual operation conditions of the diesel vehicle SCR post-processor in different emission stages.
According to the actual road emission test requirements of heavy-duty vehicles, vehicle load regulations are as follows: except for urban public transport, the rest is 100% full load. The test environment temperature condition is between-7 and 40 ℃, the test altitude has no limit requirement, and the test duration is at least 8 hours or 5 times of ETC cycle work. Average speed specification for test conditions: the average speed of the urban test is 0-60 km/h, the average speed of the suburban test is 60-90 km/h, and the average speed of the high-speed test is required to be more than 90 km/h. The various heavy vehicle test regime rules (city/suburb/high speed) can be seen in table 1.
TABLE 1 ratio of running conditions in discharge test of heavy-duty vehicle
Figure BDA0002365109150000101
The running roads of the M2, M3 and N2 vehicles (except public transport, sanitation and postal vehicles) during the vehicle test sequentially comprise: 45% of urban roads, 25% of suburban roads and 30% of highways.
For urban vehicles (public transport, sanitation and postal service), the running road composition during vehicle testing is as follows in sequence: 70% of urban roads and 30% of suburban roads.
For N3 vehicles (except for sanitation and postal vehicles), the running road composition during vehicle testing is as follows in sequence: 20% of urban roads, 25% of suburban roads and 55% of highways.
The difference in altitude between the start point and the end point of the test should not exceed 100m, and the cumulative positive altitude increase of the test vehicle should not be greater than 1200m/100 km.
Therefore, different working conditions of the diesel vehicle after-treatment system, including exhaust temperature, continuous working time and the like, can be caused by different operating conditions of the diesel vehicle engine, so that the rapid aging cycle which is not suitable for one-time cutting is adopted for different types of diesel vehicles.
2) Fast aging cycle establishment
The method comprises the steps of establishing an SCR post-treatment rapid aging cycle of the diesel vehicle, obtaining the rapid aging cycle based on test data and a simulation calculation method, and enabling an SCR post-processor to obtain a level matched with/equivalent to the characteristics of the SCR post-processor at the end of the vehicle emission endurance period through the rapid aging method.
The high temperature aging effect follows Arrhenius formula (Arrhenius equation), which is an empirical formula characterizing the rate constant of chemical reaction as a function of temperature, as follows:
k＝e-Ea/RT(1)
wherein K is the rate constant and R is the molar gas constant (0.00831kJ/mol x K); t is the thermodynamic temperature (K) and Ea is the activation energy (kJ/mol).
As can be seen from equation (1), the higher the aftertreatment catalyst aging temperature, the shorter the catalyst aging time.
According to the actual road emission test requirements of heavy-duty vehicles, the inlet temperature of the SCR post-processor of the diesel engine is collected and processed and calculated, and a rapid aging cycle is established. The engine speed/load characteristics represented by the collected actual road emissions and exhaust temperature test operating points should cover at least 80% of the engine speed/load operating conditions in the test data. The method for processing the inlet temperature data of the SCR post-processor of the diesel engine in the actual road emission test process of the diesel vehicle comprises the following steps: the actual test data are classified and grouped into units according to different temperature data (for example, the temperature unit is 5-10%), data statistical analysis is completed through clustering analysis, and a temperature-time data spectrum of a representative SCR postprocessor component is obtained, namely, a temperature-time cycle parameter of the rapid aging cycle is calculated by using the inlet temperature-time characteristic of the diesel engine SCR acquired under the actual road test condition.
Calculating equivalent aging time corresponding to the rapid aging temperature based on the time and temperature distribution characteristics of the conventional aging process of the SCR postprocessor, wherein the function relation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002365109150000111
wherein, TrA selected rapid aging temperature (K);
Figure BDA0002365109150000112
for rapid ageing temperature TrEquivalent time (hr) of;
Figure BDA0002365109150000113
the average temperature value of the temperature interval i of the SCR catalyst of the diesel vehicle, which is tested for actual road operation, is also called as the catalyst bed temperature, if the catalyst bed temperature cannot be obtained, the inlet temperature of the SCR catalyst can be used for calculation),
Figure BDA0002365109150000114
is composed of
Figure BDA0002365109150000115
Counting the sum of time at temperature; eaFor activation ofEnergy (kJ/mol).
The rapid aging temperature TrCumulative time teIs shown as
Figure BDA0002365109150000116
(3) In the formula, teFor rapid ageing temperature TrThe accumulated aging time; i is the temperature interval number, where 1 is the number of the lowest temperature interval, and n is the number of the highest temperature interval.
The real-time change characteristics of the vehicle speed, the SCR catalyst inlet temperature, the SCR catalyst bed temperature and the SCR catalyst outlet temperature obtained in the actual road emission test process of the diesel vehicle shown in FIG. 2 are statistically analyzed, and the processing method comprises the following steps:
a) converting the temperature-time characteristics corresponding to each temperature interval of the actual test cycle into single-point temperature-time characteristics or multi-point temperature-time characteristics of the rapid aging cycle according to an Arrhenius equation;
b) and according to the endurance mileage regulations of the diesel vehicle, calculating the single-point rapid aging temperature and the aging time at the aging temperature, or calculating the multipoint rapid aging temperature and the corresponding time cycle.
Example 1: vanadium-based SCR catalyst rapid aging temperature and time calculation
In the M3 national five-diesel bus, the maximum total mass (GVM) is 11.25t, and the durable mileage requirement of an engine emission control system is 50 kilometers. If the vehicle is equipped with the vanadium-based SCR catalyst, in order to ensure that toxic vanadium is not volatilized, the temperature of the SCR catalyst is ensured not to exceed 550 ℃, so that the rapid aging temperature of the SCR catalyst is selected to be 550 ℃ in the example. Equivalent calculation processing is carried out on the temperature-time characteristic of the SCR catalyst obtained by the actual road emission test of M3 national five diesel buses represented by the graph 2, and for the vanadium-based SCR catalyst, the catalyst activation energy EaThe value is 5175kJ/mol, and the single-point temperature-time characteristic of the rapid aging cycle corresponding to each temperature interval-time characteristic of the SCR catalyst is calculated and obtained by applying the formulas (2) and (3), as shown in FIG. 3. Endurance mileage is required to be 50 kilometres according to the methodThe running of the actual road running condition specified by the rule needs 9324 hours of accumulated running, in this example, the rapid aging temperature of the SCR catalyst is 550 ℃, and the aging time is 530 hours.
Example 2: rapid aging temperature and time of iron-based molecular sieve SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) catalyst
If the iron-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst is assembled on the national five-diesel bus in the embodiment, the activation energy of the catalyst is EaThe value is 5175 kJ/mol; performing equivalent calculation processing on the temperature-time characteristic of the SCR catalyst in the figure 2, wherein the aging time of the iron-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst is 165 hours under the condition that the rapid aging temperature is 750 ℃; the aging time is 120 hours under the condition that the rapid aging temperature is 800 ℃. And the aging is carried out according to the actual road running condition specified by the regulation, and the running is required to be accumulated for 9324 hours. Fig. 4 is a bar graph of aging time at 800 degrees for various operating temperature intervals-time distribution characteristics and rapid aging temperatures of an iron-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst.
Example 3: calculation of rapid aging temperature and time of copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst
If the M3 China five diesel vehicle is provided with the copper-based SCR catalyst in the embodiment, the activation energy E of the catalyst isaThe value is 11550 kJ/mol; equivalent calculation processing is carried out on the temperature-time characteristic of the SCR catalyst in the figure 2, and for the copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst, the aging time is 57 hours under the condition that the rapid aging temperature is 500 ℃, as shown in figure 5. Running according to the actual road running condition specified by the regulation requires 9324 hours of accumulated running.
In the embodiment, the temperature required by the rapid aging of the copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst is not high, and the aging time is short. Thus, a rapid aging multi-point temperature-time cycle can be designed in conjunction with the SCR catalyst conversion efficiency detection temperature point, as shown in fig. 6. Therefore, in the rapid aging process of the copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst, the catalytic efficiency of the copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst can be synchronously monitored.
Setting the transition time between the multipoint rapid aging temperatures of the copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst to be 2 minutes, wherein the multipoint rapid aging temperature-time cycles of the copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst are shown in Table 2, and 45 aging cycles are required in total, and the accumulated time is 45 hours.
TABLE 2 multipoint rapid aging temperature-time cycle for copper-based molecular sieve SCR catalyst
Figure BDA0002365109150000131
In the example, the durable mileage requirement of the M3 national five-diesel bus is 50 kilometers, and if the bus runs according to the actual road running condition specified by the regulation, the bus needs to run for 9324 hours in an accumulated mode. The rapid aging method can greatly shorten the aging time and save a large amount of time, manpower, material resources and financial resources.
3) SCR rapid aging standard-reaching judgment
The data acquisition and regulation device controls the urea injection quantity according to the NOx concentration, the airspeed, the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the SCR catalyst and the control requirement of the target ammonia-nitrogen ratio, and tests the conversion efficiency of the SCR catalyst.
The SCR catalyst conversion efficiency is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002365109150000141
(4) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002365109150000142
NOx conversion efficiency for the SCR catalyst; cinMass concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet of the SCR catalyst; coutIs the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the catalyst.
The NOx conversion efficiency of the fresh-state SCR catalyst must meet a preset condition, such as shown in table 3. The SCR post-processor applied to the field of new vehicle products requires that the average value of the reduction of the conversion efficiency of the aged SCR catalyst is not more than 5% compared with the conversion efficiency of a fresh SCR catalyst under 4 temperature test points of 200, 250, 400 and 450 ℃; and the SCR after-treatment device applied to the automobile after-market and used for refitting the automobile requires that the average value of the conversion efficiency reduction of the aged SCR catalyst is not more than 10% under 4 temperature test points.
And (3) performing a rapid aging test according to the rapid aging test method, and determining different qualification standards for different applications:
(1) the SCR post-processor applied to the field of new vehicle products requires that the average value of the reduction of the conversion efficiency of the aged SCR catalyst is not more than 5% under 4 temperature test points in Table 3. If the average value of the reduction of the conversion efficiency under the 4 temperature test points is more than 5 percent, the product is unqualified;
(2) SCR after-processors for the automotive aftermarket and for refitting in-vehicle applications require that the average reduction in conversion efficiency of aged SCR catalysts at 4 temperature test points in table 3 is no greater than 10%. If the average value of the reduction of the conversion efficiency under the 4 temperature test points is more than 10 percent, the product is unqualified;
TABLE 3 fresh SCR conversion efficiency requirement
Figure BDA0002365109150000143
Figure BDA0002365109150000151
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a quick evaluation system of diesel vehicle SCR aftertreatment ware aging characteristic which characterized in that includes: SCR postprocessor conversion efficiency detection equipment, an industrial control computer, a combustor and a diesel engine;
wherein, SCR aftertreatment ware conversion efficiency check out test set includes: the system comprises a data acquisition and regulation device, a sensor device, an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst, a test pipeline, a differential pressure flowmeter, a urea nozzle, a urea pump and a urea box;
the sensor device includes: first and second NOx sensors and first and second temperature sensors;
the industrial control computer is connected with the data acquisition and regulation device;
the electronic control modules of the diesel engine and the combustor are connected with the data acquisition and regulation device;
an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine is connected with the combustor in parallel, and the collected exhaust is discharged into the test pipeline;
the measuring pipeline is sequentially provided with the first NOx sensor, the urea nozzle, the first temperature sensor, the SCR catalyst, the second temperature sensor, the second NOx sensor and the differential pressure flowmeter; one end of the urea pump is connected with the urea box, and the other end of the urea pump is connected with the urea nozzle;
the data acquisition and regulation device is in control connection with the urea nozzle;
the data acquisition and regulation and control device is respectively in communication connection with the first NOx sensor, the second NOx sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the differential pressure flowmeter.
2. The system for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR post-processor of a diesel vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first temperature sensor is installed at a predetermined distance from a front end surface of the SCR catalyst according to the type of the diesel engine.
3. The system for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a dynamometer; the dynamometer is connected with the power output end of the diesel engine and absorbs the power output of the diesel engine.
4. The system for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the main control chip of the data acquisition and regulation and control device adopts an MC9S12DP256 chip and is in communication connection with the sensor device and the electronic control module of the diesel engine by a CAN bus.
5. A method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of an SCR postprocessor of a diesel vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
testing and collecting the exhaust temperature data of the diesel vehicle according to the actual road operation condition; the operating point data is as follows: representing the engine speed/load characteristic to cover the engine speed/load operation condition of the preset proportion in the test data;
classifying and grouping the temperature data acquired by the first temperature sensor into units, and finishing data statistical analysis by utilizing cluster analysis to obtain a temperature-time data spectrum of the SCR catalyst;
calculating and converting the temperature-time data spectrum of the SCR catalyst into a selected rapid aging temperature-time parameter by adopting an Arrhenius formula;
and calculating the single-point rapid aging temperature and the aging time at the aging temperature or calculating the multipoint rapid aging temperature and the corresponding time cycle according to the endurance mileage regulations of the vehicle corresponding to the diesel engine.
6. The method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Arrhenius formula is an empirical formula representing the change relationship of the chemical reaction rate constant with the temperature, and is as follows:
k＝e-Ea/RT(1)
(1) wherein k is a rate constant and R is a molar gas constant; t is the thermodynamic temperature and Ea is the activation energy.
7. The method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel engine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of calculating the single-point rapid aging temperature and the aging time at the aging temperature or the multi-point rapid aging temperature and the corresponding time cycle according to the endurance mileage specification of the vehicle corresponding to the diesel engine comprises the steps of:
calculating equivalent aging time corresponding to the rapid aging temperature based on the time and temperature distribution characteristics of the conventional aging process of the SCR postprocessor, wherein the function relation is as follows:
Figure FDA0002365109140000021
(2) in the formula, TrFor a selected rapid aging temperature;
Figure FDA0002365109140000022
for rapid ageing temperature TrThe equivalent time of;
Figure FDA0002365109140000023
the average value of the temperatures of the SCR catalyst temperature interval i of the actual road operation test is shown,
Figure FDA0002365109140000024
is composed of
Figure FDA0002365109140000025
Counting the sum of time at temperature; eaIs activation energy;
the rapid aging temperature TrCumulative time teIs shown as
Figure FDA0002365109140000031
(3) In the formula, teFor rapid ageing temperature TrThe accumulated aging time; i is the number of the temperature interval, wherein 1 is the number of the lowest temperature interval, and n is the number of the highest temperature interval.
8. The method for rapidly evaluating the aging performance of the SCR postprocessor of the diesel vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the method further comprises:
the data acquisition and regulation device controls the urea injection quantity according to the NOx concentration and the airspeed, inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the SCR catalyst and the control requirement of the target ammonia-nitrogen ratio, and the SCR catalyst tests the conversion efficiency of NOx;
the SCR catalyst conversion efficiency is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002365109140000032
(4) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002365109140000033
NOx conversion efficiency for the SCR catalyst; cinMass concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet of the SCR catalyst; coutMass concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the catalyst;
and when the NOx conversion efficiency of the SCR catalyst meets a preset condition, judging that the SCR postprocessor is qualified.
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