CN114991922A - Real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of vehicle - Google Patents
Real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle emission early warning, and discloses a real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of a vehicle, which comprises the following steps: step 1: collecting vehicle data as a vehicle driving data set; and 2, step: dividing a vehicle driving data set to obtain vehicle driving segments; and step 3: processing the vehicle driving segments to obtain effective vehicle driving segments; and 4, step 4: dividing effective vehicle driving segments according to segment dividing conditions to obtain driving segment groups; and 5: establishing a strategy according to standard working conditions, selecting effective vehicle driving segments from the driving segment group, and establishing an actual vehicle emission test working condition; and 6: calculating the NOx emission level of the vehicle according to the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle; and 7: and when the NOx emission level of the vehicle does not meet the requirement, performing real-time early warning according to an early warning strategy. The invention can timely and accurately judge whether the NOx emission exceeds the standard in the actual use process of the vehicle and carry out early warning, and is beneficial to scientific monitoring and treatment of the NOx emission of the vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle emission early warning, in particular to a real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of a vehicle.
Background
Along with the advocation and realization of sustainable development of economic society and the concept of circular economy, the energy-saving and emission-reduction work of China has remarkable effects in recent years, the environmental conditions of a lot of cities which originally belong to heavy pollution level are greatly improved, and the general trend of urban environment is good. However, the urban atmospheric pollution condition is still not optimistic, and analysis of various indexes of urban atmospheric pollution can find that an obvious pollution value increase phenomenon, namely SO in the atmosphere 2 The total amount of NOx pollution decreases while the total amount of NOx pollution increases. The reason for this is that the number of vehicles in cities is rapidly increasing at present, and the amount of exhaust emissions is correspondingly increased, and statistically, the NOx emission of vehicles at present accounts for 32% of the NOx emission of vehicles already counted nationwide, and among them, the NOx emission of heavy vehicles accounts for 80% of the NOx emission of all vehicles.
In order to effectively inhibit the emission of vehicle pollutants and improve the atmosphere pollution condition, the state promulgates corresponding vehicle pollutant emission standards so as to achieve the aim of environmental protection through product technology upgrading. In addition, newly implemented emission control regulations of pollutant emission limits and measurement methods (sixth stage of china) of heavy-duty diesel vehicles also clearly require that the vehicles must be equipped with vehicle-mounted terminals, collect relevant data and send the data to a designated platform for NOx emission supervision. However, relevant standards and documents do not indicate how to carry out overproof judgment and early warning on the NOx emission of the vehicle, and the purpose of scientifically monitoring and treating the NOx emission of the vehicle is not achieved.
Moreover, a great deal of experimental research finds that the actual emission of the whole heavy-duty vehicle is greatly different from the measurement result when the regulation bulletin is issued, and the reasons for the difference include: the standard test working condition required by the regulations is different from the actual road working condition of the vehicle, the actual road working condition of the vehicle is often fragmented and scattered, the complete working condition is not formed, and the actual road working condition of the vehicle cannot correspond to the working condition fixedly required by the regulations, so that the standard application is difficult, the data acquired by the vehicle-mounted terminal cannot be used, and the NOx emission supervision is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a real-time early warning method for the excessive NOx emission of a vehicle, which can accurately judge whether the NOx emission exceeds the standard in the actual use process of the vehicle and is beneficial to scientific monitoring and treatment of the NOx emission of the vehicle.
The basic scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of a vehicle comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting vehicle data as a vehicle driving data set;
and 2, step: dividing a vehicle driving data set to obtain vehicle driving segments; when dividing, taking an oiling period as a large fragment cutting point; taking the vehicle speed equal to 0 as a small segment cutting point;
and 3, step 3: processing the vehicle driving segments according to the screening processing conditions to obtain effective vehicle driving segments;
and 4, step 4: dividing effective vehicle driving segments according to segment dividing conditions to obtain driving segment groups;
and 5: establishing a strategy according to standard working conditions, selecting effective vehicle driving segments from the driving segment group, and establishing an actual vehicle emission test working condition;
step 6: calculating the NOx emission level of the vehicle according to the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle;
and 7: and when the NOx emission level of the vehicle does not meet the requirement, performing real-time early warning according to an early warning strategy.
The working principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: collecting vehicle data to obtain vehicle driving segments, and screening the vehicle driving segments appropriately, thereby obtaining reliable and effective vehicle driving segments, further classifying the effective vehicle driving segments, and relatively scattered and scattered effective vehicle running segments are constructed into a complete vehicle actual emission test working condition according to a standard working condition construction strategy, and in this way, the scheme can reform the fragmentary data fragments into an integral actual emission test working condition of the vehicle, can be compared with a standard test working condition in a standard regulation, enables the existing standard to be matched with an actual vehicle operation scene, further, the NOx emission level of the vehicle is calculated and determined on the basis of the working condition, and the data are effective according to the standard, and further, whether the NOx emission exceeds the standard in the actual use process of the vehicle can be accurately judged, and scientific monitoring and treatment of the NOx emission of the vehicle are facilitated.
More importantly, when the vehicle driving data set is divided, the refueling period is particularly selected as a large segment dividing point, and the vehicle driving segment division of the vehicle data is carried out in a special time mode. In the existing vehicle emission calculation method, such a temporal vehicle driving segment division is not performed, but the vehicle speed is divided according to a segment division method provided by an emission control regulation of a newly implemented pollutant emission limit value and a measurement method (sixth stage in China) of the heavy-duty diesel vehicle. Although the division method meets the standard requirements, the fineness is poor, the achieved effect is only fragment division, and more effective information cannot be provided for the NOx emission supervision and treatment.
According to the scheme, through the special temporal vehicle driving segment division, the influence factors, namely oil products, influencing the NOx emission of the vehicle are considered at the same time when the vehicle driving segments are distinguished. The scheme discovers an important influence factor which is neglected in the current vehicle NOx monitoring and controlling process and has influence on the vehicle NOx emission numerical value, namely the oil product, namely the quality of the fuel adopted by the vehicle. Conventionally, the factor which influences the NOx emission of a vehicle is that the vehicle operation condition causes the NOx emission to be not up to standard or the SCR (engine exhaust gas treatment urea system) of the vehicle is in fault, and in fact, fuel used by the vehicle also influences the NOx emission, and fuel with poor quality influences the emission to be increased, so that the point is ignored, the influence of oil products becomes a hidden error factor, the reason that partial emission exceeds the standard is not confirmed accurately, and the problem that the emission exceeds the standard cannot be effectively treated.
The scheme discovers the point in a breakthrough manner, correspondingly takes the refueling period as a large segmentation point for vehicle driving segment division, distinguishes oil products by virtue of the refueling period, naturally brings the oil products into the judgment basis of NOx emission, naturally eliminates the influence on the emission due to different oil products by the data in each refueling period, further facilitates accurately confirming the reason that the emission in a single refueling period exceeds the standard, and simultaneously can bring the oil product factor into the reason that the emission exceeds the standard by comparing the emission in different refueling periods. The scheme is arranged in such a way, the reason that the NOx emission of the vehicle exceeds the standard can be accurately confirmed from more dimensions, and then scientific monitoring and effective and accurate treatment on the NOx emission of the vehicle are realized in an auxiliary mode.
Further, in step 2, the refueling period is a driving period between 2 adjacent refueling activities of the vehicle.
The refueling period is determined by the refueling behavior in a distinguishing way, and the distinguishing way is simple and effective. And the refueling behaviors are used for distinguishing, so that oil products refueled by the vehicle at different stages in different periods can be taken into the division basis of the vehicle driving segment division when the refueling period is divided, and the oil product judgment reference is provided for the subsequent analysis of the reason that the vehicle emission exceeds the standard.
Further, in step 3, the screening process condition includes deleting the non-conforming data from the vehicle travel section; the unqualified data is data which does not meet the data qualified condition;
the data qualification conditions are as follows:
266K≤t 1 ≤T，T＝-0.4514×(101.3-P b )+311；
h≤2400m；
t 2 ≥70℃；
wherein, t 1 The unit is K, and the temperature of the environment where the vehicle is located; t is standard ambient temperature and is expressed in K; p b Is the atmospheric pressure value; h is the altitude of the vehicle; t is t 2 Is the vehicle engine coolant temperature.
The data qualification conditions are set according to national pollutant emission standards, specifically, the pollutant emission limit value of the heavy-duty diesel vehicle and the standard of the measurement method (sixth stage of China), so that the data of the effective vehicle driving fragments obtained by screening can be guaranteed to be the data meeting the national standards, and the early warning reliability is further guaranteed to be high.
Further, the screening processing conditions further include that if unqualified data continuously appear in a certain vehicle driving section and the number of continuous unqualified data points exceeds 4% to 6% of the total amount of the vehicle driving section data, the vehicle driving section data is deleted.
And the vehicle driving section with more continuous unqualified data amount is deleted, so that the influence of the vehicle driving section with more errors on the whole vehicle driving section data is effectively prevented, and the data reliability is higher.
Further, the screening processing condition may further include deleting the vehicle travel section data if the number of the non-compliant data points in a certain vehicle travel section exceeds 20% of the total amount of the vehicle travel section data.
And the vehicle driving section with more unqualified data volume is deleted, so that the negative influence of unqualified data on the whole vehicle driving section data is strictly eliminated, and the data reliability is higher.
Further, in step 4, the segment dividing condition is that the segment is divided according to the requirements of the vehicle type and the standard regulation; the obtained travel segment groups include a city travel segment group, a suburb travel segment group, and a high-speed travel segment group.
Through the arrangement, the fragmentary vehicle running segments are classified, the segmentation meets the requirements of standard regulations, and the vehicle actual emission test working condition is conveniently and correspondingly established subsequently.
Further, in step 5, the standard working condition establishing strategy is established according to vehicle type and standard regulation requirements; when the vehicle emission test device is built, effective vehicle driving segments are extracted from the urban driving segment group, the suburban driving segment group and the high-speed driving segment group, and the vehicle driving segments are built in proportion to form the actual vehicle emission test working condition.
The effective vehicle driving segments in scattered different types of driving segment groups are integrated into the standard meeting the standard of standard regulations and requirements again according to a certain proportion, and the actual vehicle emission test working condition can be effectively judged.
Further, in step 5, when selecting the effective vehicle driving segment from the driving segment group, firstly selecting the effective vehicle driving segment from a refueling period; if the effective vehicle running segment provided in one refueling period is not enough to establish a complete vehicle actual emission test working condition, then obtaining the effective vehicle running segment from the previous refueling period of the refueling period to establish the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition, and if the refueling period is the first refueling period of the vehicle, obtaining the effective vehicle running segment from the next refueling period of the refueling period to establish the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition.
The data volume in the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle obtained by construction is ensured to be sufficient and complete, and sufficient data analysis basis can be provided for emission early warning.
Further, in step 6, when the vehicle NOx emission level is calculated, the sliding window method is used for the calculation.
The sliding window method, namely the ruler method, is often used for solving the problem of searching for the properties (length and the like) of a continuous interval meeting a certain condition, and can effectively reduce repeated calculation and time complexity. The sliding window method is adopted to confirm the NOx emission level, data in the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle can be rapidly processed according to a certain condition, and the NOx emission level of the vehicle can be rapidly confirmed.
Further, in step 7, the early warning policy includes: and in a preset number of refueling periods, if the continuous times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level are more than or equal to 2 times or the total times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level are more than or equal to 3 times, early warning is carried out.
By the arrangement, a certain early warning scale is set, early warning is carried out according to the early warning scale, and early warning fineness is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a whole day method of an embodiment of a real-time warning method for excessive NOx emissions of a vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a segmentation of a fueling cycle of a vehicle driving segment according to a first embodiment of the method for real-time warning of excessive NOx emissions in a vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a small segment segmentation of a vehicle driving segment according to a first embodiment of the method for real-time warning of excessive vehicle NOx emissions;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary graph of substandard data of step 3 of a first embodiment of a method for real-time warning of excessive vehicle NOx emissions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a screening process of step 3 according to a first embodiment of a method for real-time warning of excessive NOx emissions in a vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram of an actual vehicle emission test condition constructed according to a first embodiment of the method for real-time warning of excessive vehicle NOx emissions of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram of cumulative work based window partitioning for a first embodiment of a method for real-time warning of NOx emissions overproof in a vehicle in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the variation of the cumulative emission quality of NOx in accordance with a first embodiment of the method for real-time warning of NOx emissions overproof in a vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a window throughput rate of 10 fueling cycles for an exemplary vehicle in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention for a method for real-time warning of excessive vehicle NOx emissions;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a real-time warning mechanism of a vehicle NOx emission overproof real-time warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by the specific embodiments:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1:
a real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of a vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: vehicle data is collected as a vehicle travel data set.
Specifically, vehicle data collection is performed by using a vehicle-mounted terminal on a vehicle, the collected vehicle data includes vehicle speed, engine speed, net engine output torque, engine coolant temperature, oil tank liquid level, altitude, longitude and latitude, NOx output value and the like, and detailed data is shown in attached table 1.
Attached table 1
| Serial number | Collection item | Unit of | |
| 1 | Vehicle speed | km/ |
|
| 2 | | kPa | |
| 3 | Net output torque of | ％ | |
| 4 | | ％ | |
| 5 | Rotational speed of | rpm | |
| 6 | Fuel flow of engine | L/ |
|
| 7 | SCR upstream NOx | ppm | |
| 8 | SCR downstream NOx | ppm | |
| 9 | The balance of the | ％ | |
| 10 | Air input quantity | kg/h | |
| 11 | SCR inlet temperature | ℃ | |
| 12 | SCR outlet temperature | ℃ | |
| 13 | Pressure difference of DPF | kPa | |
| 14 | Engine coolant temperature | ℃ | |
| 15 | Oil tank liquid level | ％ | |
| 16 | Longitude (G) | ℃ | |
| 17 | Latitude | ℃ | |
| 18 | Accumulated mileage | km | |
| 19 | Cyclic power of vehicle | kW |
And 2, step: dividing a vehicle driving data set to obtain vehicle driving segments; when dividing, taking an oiling period as a large fragment cutting point; the small segment cut point is set at a vehicle speed equal to 0. The refueling cycle is the travel cycle between two consecutive 2 refueling acts of the vehicle, as shown in fig. 2.
Specifically, the method for determining the refueling behavior comprises the following steps: firstly, extracting a running data segment with a variable oil tank liquid level value from a vehicle running data set, and if the vehicle stops (the vehicle speed is equal to 0 time point and before), and the vehicle oil tank liquid level variable quantity exceeds 30%, determining that the oil tank liquid level value corresponds to a primary refueling behavior. The oil tank liquid level is used for judging the oil filling behavior, the operation is convenient and effective, and the oil filling period can be quickly and accurately confirmed.
Specifically, for vehicle data in a refueling period, the vehicle speed is equal to 0 and serves as a small segment dividing point, a large vehicle running segment with the refueling period serving as the dividing point is divided, a plurality of small vehicle running segments are obtained through division, and data division is fine. After the vehicle driving segments are divided, the average vehicle speed of each small vehicle driving segment is calculated, and information such as the highest vehicle speed, the ambient temperature, the altitude, and the engine water temperature in each small vehicle driving segment is extracted, so as to perform data screening processing in step 3, as shown in fig. 3. Wherein the ambient temperature as described herein is defined as: the engine coolant temperature at which the vehicle was restarted after 6 hours of shutdown was taken as the ambient temperature.
And 3, step 3: and processing the vehicle driving segments according to the screening processing conditions to obtain effective vehicle driving segments.
The screening processing conditions include deletion of the defective data from the vehicle travel sections; the unqualified data is data which does not meet the data qualification condition;
the data qualified conditions are as follows:
266K≤t 1 ≤T，T＝-0.4514×(101.3-P b )+311；
h≤2400m；
t 2 ≥70℃；
wherein, t 1 The temperature of the environment where the vehicle is located is K; t is standard ambient temperature and is expressed in K; p b Is the atmospheric pressure value; h is the altitude of the vehicle; t is t 2 Is the vehicle engine coolant temperature.
As shown in FIG. 4, for a vehicle in the cold start phase, the data in this phase does not satisfy t 2 The standard of more than or equal to 70 ℃ is regarded as unqualified data and deletion treatment is adopted.
The screening processing conditions further comprise that if unqualified data continuously appear in a certain vehicle driving section and the number of continuous unqualified data points exceeds 4-6% of the total amount of the vehicle driving section data, the vehicle driving section data are deleted; in the present embodiment, the number of consecutive pieces of failure data exceeds 5% of the total amount of the vehicle travel segment data, that is, the vehicle travel segment data is deleted. If the number of the failed data points in a certain vehicle travel segment exceeds 20% of the total amount of the vehicle travel segment data, the vehicle travel segment data is deleted. As shown in fig. 5, the entire deletion process is performed for the vehicle travel segment that does not satisfy the above-described condition.
And 4, step 4: and dividing the effective vehicle driving segments according to segment dividing conditions to obtain driving segment groups.
The segment dividing condition is that the segment is divided according to the requirements of the vehicle type and the standard regulation; the obtained travel segment groups include a city travel segment group, a suburb travel segment group, and a high-speed travel segment group. In the embodiment, the selected vehicle type is a heavy vehicle of N1 types, and the standard regulatory requirements are the pollutant emission limit value of the GB 17691-2018 heavy diesel vehicle and the standard of the measurement method (sixth stage of China);
specifically, dividing effective vehicle driving segments with the highest vehicle speed less than 55km/h and the average vehicle speed of 15-30km/h into urban driving segment groups; dividing the running segments with the highest speed less than 75km/h and the average speed of 45-70km/h into suburban running segment groups; driving sections with the highest vehicle speed of more than 75km/h and the average vehicle speed of more than 70 km/h; and dividing the high-speed running segment group.
And 5: and (4) establishing a strategy according to a standard working condition, selecting effective vehicle driving segments from the driving segment group, and establishing an actual vehicle emission test working condition.
The standard working condition building strategy is built according to vehicle types and standard and regulation requirements; during construction, effective vehicle driving segments are extracted from the urban driving segment group, the suburban driving segment group and the high-speed driving segment group, and are constructed in proportion to form the actual vehicle emission test working condition.
Specifically, the standard regulation requirements in compliance here are still the standard regulation requirements of limit of pollutant emission and measurement method of the heavy-duty diesel vehicle in GB 17691-2018 (sixth stage of china), when the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle is constructed, the proportional construction is carried out according to the running time proportion of each segment, and different proportional values are correspondingly selected according to different vehicle models, as shown in attached table 2. Since the vehicle type selected in this embodiment is a heavy vehicle of N1 types, as shown in fig. 6, the specific driving segments thereof are composed of:
urban driving segment group: suburban driving segment group: high-speed travel segment set is 34%: 33%: 33 percent.
Attached table 2
When the effective vehicle driving segment is selected from the driving segment group, firstly, the effective vehicle driving segment is selected from a refueling period; if the effective vehicle running segment provided in one refueling period is not enough to establish a complete vehicle actual emission test working condition, then obtaining the effective vehicle running segment from the previous refueling period of the refueling period to establish the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition, and if the refueling period is the first refueling period of the vehicle, obtaining the effective vehicle running segment from the next refueling period of the refueling period to establish the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition. The complete vehicle actual emission test working condition refers to a vehicle actual emission test working condition which comprises an urban driving segment group, a suburban driving segment group and a high-speed driving segment group and has a standard building proportion.
If the effective vehicle driving fragment which is enough to establish the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition can not be obtained in the previous refueling period or the next refueling period, the previous two refueling periods or the next two refueling periods are continuously selected to obtain the missing effective vehicle driving fragment until the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition which meets the requirements of the standard regulation is established.
Step 6: and calculating the NOx emission level of the vehicle according to the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle.
When the NOx emission level of the vehicle is calculated, a sliding window method is adopted for calculation.
Specifically, information such as vehicle speed, engine speed, net engine output torque, NOx output value and the like is extracted from the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle, and the emission level of the vehicle is calculated by referring to an emission calculation method in a standard regulation. The emission calculation method in the standard regulation refers to the emission calculation method of PEMS test in annex K of GB 17691-2018 heavy-duty diesel vehicle pollutant emission limit and measurement method (sixth stage of China).
For the sake of understanding, in the present embodiment, the vehicle NOx emission level calculation was performed taking, as an example, a model N1 vehicle in which the vehicle cycle work was 14.5kWh, the maximum engine power was 135kW, and the engine reference torque was 1000 Nm. The maximum power of the engine and the reference torque data of the engine are used for determining accumulated work for constructing working conditions; the vehicle cycle work data is used to determine window division.
The method specifically comprises the following calculation substeps:
s1: determining a window and an effective window;
firstly, the running power of the vehicle engine is calculated according to the vehicle rotating speed, the engine reference torque and the actual engine torque, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, T e Is the actual torque of the engine; t is s Is an engine reference torque; σ is the engine torque percentage; and P is the running power of the vehicle engine.
Secondly, calculating the running process t of the vehicle according to the running power of the engine of the vehicle 1 ， i To t 2 ， i The cumulative work over time is calculated as follows:
calculating accumulated work according to the constructed actual emission test working condition of the vehicle to obtain an accumulated work curve; then, based on the accumulated work curve and the engine cycle work, the window is divided from back to front at a division interval of Δ t, and the determination of the window is completed. And, each window division needs to satisfy the following condition, as shown in fig. 7:
W (t2-Δt,i) -W (t1,i) <W ref ≤W (t2,i) -W (t1,i)
wherein, W ref WHTC cycle work in kwh; w (t2,i) For vehicles from the beginning (beginning)Start time) to t 2 The accumulated work done at the moment is in kwh; w (t1,i) For vehicles from start to t 1 The accumulated work done at the moment is in kwh; w (t2-Δt,i) For vehicles from start to t 2 -the cumulative work done at time at, in kwh; and delta t is a data sampling period and is less than or equal to 1 s.
Third, a valid window is determined.
Calculating the average power of each window based on all the windows obtained in the second step; wherein, the window with the average power of the window being more than 20% of the maximum power of the engine is judged as the effective window; in this embodiment, the number of valid windows is denoted as M.
S2: the NOx window specific emissions are calculated.
And calculating the mass accumulation change curve of the NOx through the mass concentration (ppm) of the NOx output by the downstream SCR sensor and the mass flow rate (g/s) of the exhaust gas. The exhaust mass concentration is calculated according to the fuel flow and the air inflow, and the calculation formula is as follows:
exhaust mass flow-fuel flow + intake air amount, specifically:
the NOx mass concentration is calculated as follows:
q nox_flow ＝0.001587×C nox_conc ×q total
wherein, C nox_conc Output concentration (ppm) for downstream NOx sensors; q. q.s total Is the exhaust mass flow rate; q. q of nox_flow Is the NOx mass concentration.
Further, the cumulative emission mass m of NOx is obtained from the NOx mass concentration, as shown in fig. 8, which is calculated as:
m＝∫q nox_flow dt
and then, according to the obtained accumulated emission mass m of the NOx, combining the window interval to obtain the specific emission of the NOx window, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein e is i Emitted for the ith window ratio in mg/(kw h); m is i Mass (mg) of NOx emitted in the ith window.
S3: and determining the emission passing rate of the NOx window. The NOx window emission pass rate represents the vehicle NOx emission level.
Specifically, a window ratio emission value of each window is obtained according to the method in S2, and each window ratio emission value is compared with a standard ratio emission value; the standard specific emission value is determined according to standard regulation requirements, and is specifically 690mg/(kw h).
When the window specific emission value of a certain window is smaller than the standard specific emission value, judging the window is a qualified emission window; the total number of all qualified emission windows is denoted herein as N.
The NOx window emission pass rate Φ (%) of the PEMS operating condition constructed for the vehicle of type N1 in this embodiment is defined as:
the window throughput rate conditions in the first 10 fueling cycles in this example are shown in the accompanying table 3 and fig. 9;
attached table 3
| Refueling cycle | Total number of windows | Number of qualified discharge windows | Window passing |
| 1 | 6175 | 5496 | 89 |
| 2 | 7256 | 6893 | 95 |
| 3 | 6553 | 6029 | 92 |
| 4 | 7123 | 5627 | 79 |
| 5 | 7652 | 7116 | 93 |
| 6 | 6152 | 1476 | 24 |
| 7 | 6286 | 1069 | 17 |
| 8 | 7562 | 1286 | 17 |
| 9 | 7436 | 1413 | 19 |
| 10 | 6785 | 1493 | 22 |
And 7: and when the NOx emission level of the vehicle does not meet the requirement, performing real-time early warning according to an early warning strategy.
The early warning strategy comprises the following steps: and in a preset number of refueling periods, if the continuous times that the vehicle emission level exceeds the standard are more than or equal to 2, early warning is carried out. The excessive emission level specifically means that: the NOx window emission pass rate for a certain fueling cycle is less than 90%.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10:
if the emission does not exceed the standard in the first 10 refueling periods of the vehicle, prompting that no emission exceeds the standard risk;
if the continuous times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level are 2 times or the total times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level reach 3 times within the first 10 refueling periods of the vehicle, indicating that the risk of slight exceeding of the vehicle emission level is present;
if the continuous times that the vehicle emission level exceeds the standard within the first 10 refueling periods of the vehicle are 3 times or the total times that the vehicle emission level exceeds the standard reach 5 times, indicating that the vehicle is in moderate emission exceeding standard risk; and immediately transmitting the early warning information to a corresponding vehicle enterprise or a related environmental protection department;
if the continuous times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level are 5 times or the total times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level reach 8 times within the first 10 refueling periods of the vehicle, indicating the serious risk of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level; and immediately transmitting the early warning information to the corresponding vehicle enterprise or the related environmental protection department, and continuously carrying out early warning until receiving the information feedback of the corresponding vehicle enterprise or the related environmental protection department.
Optionally, when the risk occurs, early warning information is transmitted to the corresponding owner of the vehicle in real time to prompt the owner to check the emission standard exceeding risk in time.
According to the real-time early warning method for the NOx emission standard exceeding of the vehicle, the acquired fragmentary and scattered vehicle data can be reformed into the actual vehicle emission test working condition which is consistent with the standard test working condition arrangement operation logic according to the standard regulation requirements, so that the actual vehicle operation data can be converted into a standard form, the calculation and evaluation of the NOx emission can be further carried out according to the standard regulation requirements, and timely and accurate emission early warning feedback can be obtained. In addition, the design of the scheme adopts a sliding window method to judge the emission quality of NOx, and carefully judges the NOx emission condition in each time period in each refueling period according to a certain data sampling period, and the scheme also sets careful risk early warning indexes, so that the emission risk can be ensured not to be judged by mistake and not to be judged by mistake.
In addition, the scheme adopts a special vehicle running segment dividing mode, vehicle running data are divided for multiple times, and the vehicle running data are divided according to a refueling period, a vehicle speed equal to 0 and a segment dividing condition. Compared with the conventional scheme, the method has more dividing times, higher dividing fineness and more special dividing standard, so that the scheme can not only make accurate early warning on the over standard of the NOx emission and provide reliable data reference for analyzing the reason of the over standard of the NOx emission, but also creatively discover the factors which are important influences on the over standard of the NOx emission, namely the oil product, and the driving data of the vehicle is divided according to the refueling cycle, the oil product factors are naturally and effectively processed, the partial recessive emission influence factor of the oil product is externalized into the refueling cycle, the oil product can be conveniently distinguished by distinguishing the refueling cycle, the influence of the oil product factors on the over standard of the emission can be considered or eliminated by selecting the data of the same refueling cycle or the data of different refueling cycles, and further more dimensions can be helpful to more accurately confirm the reason of the over standard of the NOx emission of the vehicle, and then the scientific monitoring and effective accurate treatment of the NOx emission of the vehicle are realized in an auxiliary manner.
Example two:
a real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of a vehicle is characterized in that steps 1 and 2 are modified on the basis of the first embodiment.
When the vehicle data is collected in the step 1, the position information of a gas station where the vehicle stops is also collected and obtained.
In step 2, when the refueling cycle is confirmed, and the refueling behavior is determined, after the occurrence of a refueling behavior is determined, the position information of the refueling station corresponding to the vehicle when the refueling behavior occurs is correspondingly obtained and marked in the refueling cycle.
Compared with the first embodiment, the method for early warning the excessive NOx emission of the vehicle additionally determines the refueling position, and subsequently, if the excessive NOx emission occurs in one or more refueling periods, the refueling position can be combined to perform fixed-point reverse check on the oil product, so that the influence of oil product factors on the excessive NOx emission can be more conveniently confirmed.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A real-time early warning method for exceeding NOx emission of a vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting vehicle data as a vehicle driving data set;
and 2, step: dividing a vehicle driving data set to obtain vehicle driving segments; when dividing, taking an oiling period as a large segment cutting point; taking the vehicle speed equal to 0 as a small segment cutting point;
and step 3: processing the vehicle driving segments according to screening processing conditions to obtain effective vehicle driving segments;
and 4, step 4: dividing effective vehicle driving segments according to segment dividing conditions to obtain driving segment groups;
and 5: constructing a strategy according to standard working conditions, selecting effective vehicle driving segments from the driving segment group, and constructing a vehicle actual emission test working condition;
step 6: calculating the NOx emission level of the vehicle according to the actual emission test working condition of the vehicle;
and 7: and when the NOx emission level of the vehicle does not meet the requirement, performing real-time early warning according to an early warning strategy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the refueling period is a driving period between 2 consecutive refueling activities of the vehicle.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the screening process condition comprises deleting non-conforming data from a vehicle driving segment; the unqualified data is data which does not meet the data qualified condition;
the data qualification conditions are as follows:
266K≤t 1 ≤T，T＝-0.4514×(101.3-P b )+311；
h≤2400m；
t 2 ≥70℃；
wherein, t 1 Is the ambient temperature of the vehicle inK; t is standard ambient temperature and is expressed in K; p b Is the atmospheric pressure value; h is the altitude of the vehicle; t is t 2 Is the vehicle engine coolant temperature.
4. The real-time early warning method for the excessive vehicle NOx emission according to claim 3, wherein the screening processing condition further comprises deleting the vehicle driving section data if unqualified data continuously appear in a certain vehicle driving section and the number of continuous unqualified data exceeds 4-6% of the total amount of the vehicle driving section data.
5. The real-time warning method for the overproof of the NOx emission of the vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the screening processing condition further comprises deleting the vehicle traveling segment data if the number of the unqualified data points in a certain vehicle traveling segment exceeds 20% of the total number of the vehicle traveling segment data.
6. The real-time early warning method for the excessive NOx emission of the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the segmentation condition is that the segmentation is performed according to the requirements of vehicle type and standard regulation; the obtained travel segment groups include a city travel segment group, a suburb travel segment group, and a high-speed travel segment group.
7. The real-time early warning method for the NOx emission standard exceeding of the vehicle of claim 6, wherein in the step 5, the standard working condition building strategy is built according to the requirements of vehicle models and standard regulations; during construction, effective vehicle driving segments are extracted from the urban driving segment group, the suburban driving segment group and the high-speed driving segment group, and are constructed in proportion to form the actual vehicle emission test working condition.
8. The real-time warning method for excessive NOx emissions of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, when the valid vehicle driving segment is selected from the group of driving segments, the valid vehicle driving segment is selected from a refueling period; if the effective vehicle running segment provided in one refueling period is not enough to establish a complete vehicle actual emission test working condition, then obtaining the effective vehicle running segment from the previous refueling period of the refueling period to establish the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition, and if the refueling period is the first refueling period of the vehicle, obtaining the effective vehicle running segment from the next refueling period of the refueling period to establish the complete vehicle actual emission test working condition.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 6, the NOx emission level of the vehicle is calculated by a sliding window method.
10. A real-time warning method for excessive vehicle NOx emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 7, said warning strategy comprises: and in a preset number of refueling periods, if the continuous times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level are more than or equal to 2 times or the total times of the exceeding of the vehicle emission level are more than or equal to 3 times, early warning is carried out.
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