CN111156696B - Solar instant heating heat pump water heater - Google Patents

Solar instant heating heat pump water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111156696B
CN111156696B CN202010016824.3A CN202010016824A CN111156696B CN 111156696 B CN111156696 B CN 111156696B CN 202010016824 A CN202010016824 A CN 202010016824A CN 111156696 B CN111156696 B CN 111156696B
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port
heat
circulation path
water
switching device
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CN111156696A (en
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徐荣吉
李印实
王瑞祥
胡文举
陈启超
钟洪伟
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Abstract

The invention provides a solar instant heating heat pump water heater, which comprises: the solar heat collector, a heat pump circulating pipeline with a circulating path switching device and a hot water heat exchanger; the solar heat collector is connected in series with a pipeline between the heat supply expansion valve and the heat storage expansion valve in the heat pump circulating pipeline; the condenser of the heat pump circulating system is arranged in the hot water heat exchanger; the circulating path of the heat pump circulating pipeline is switched through the circulating path switching device, when bathing, the heat pump circulating pipeline is switched to the heat supply circulating path, the water of the hot water heat exchanger is rapidly heated by the heat pump circulating pipeline, instant heating is achieved, when bathing is not conducted, the heat pump circulating pipeline is switched to the heat storage circulating path, working media in the cold water tank are heated by the solar heat collector and the heat pump circulating pipeline, the heat collection temperature of the solar heat collector is reduced, effective utilization of solar energy is achieved, the running rate of the solar heat collector is further reduced, and the technical defect that the heating speed is slow is overcome.

Description

Solar instant heating heat pump water heater
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat pump water heaters, in particular to a solar instant heating heat pump water heater.
Background
In daily life of people, daily hot water occupies a large proportion of daily water, and hot water heating devices are gradually popularized. The water heaters commonly used at present are of four types, namely an electric water heater, a solar water heater, a gas water heater and a heat pump water heater. The electric water heater is divided into two types, namely a heat storage electric water heater (comprising a hot water tank) and an instant electric water heater. The electric water heater heats water by generating heat under the power-on condition through the heating device, and controls the start and stop of heating through the temperature sensor, thereby realizing the regulation and control of water temperature. The electric water heater has low cost, simple installation and convenient use. The solar water heater consists of a solar heat collector, a water tank and an auxiliary heating part and mainly utilizes solar radiation to generate hot water. The solar water heater is safe and clean and has low energy consumption in operation. The gas water heater takes gas as fuel and prepares hot water by burning. The gas water heater occupies small area and can heat quickly. The heat pump water heater generally uses an air source as a main part, and heats water in a water tank by absorbing energy in the air and utilizing a heat pump technology.
However, each water heater suffers from certain technical drawbacks. For the electric water heater, from the energy-saving perspective, the energy utilization efficiency of the electric water heater is less than 1; from the safety perspective, the electric heating device of the electric water heater directly heats water, and leakage and electric shock accidents are easy to happen. For the instant electric water heater, the rated heating power is higher, generally more than 3kW, and the electric load with excessive power can heat the electric wire, causing fire accidents. The solar water heater has low operation cost and large dependence on sunlight. The gas water heater has the greatest advantage that the gas water heater can realize instant heating, but the gas water heater directly heats hot water by using gas, the gas belongs to high-quality fuel, and the hot water belongs to low-grade heat, and is also a waste of energy from the second law of thermodynamics. In addition, gas water heaters require installation at a specific location due to the need to exhaust fumes. The air source heat pump water heater has high energy utilization efficiency, and COP can reach 3-5. However, if the outdoor temperature is too low in winter, the outdoor unit is easily frosted, so that the efficiency is reduced, and even the outdoor unit cannot be operated. And the heat pump water heater, the solar water heater and the water storage type electric water heater store hot water through the hot water tank, and the temperature of the hot water is about 60 ℃ generally. Because the temperature of water in the hot water tank is higher than the ambient temperature, heat can be continuously released to the environment, and energy waste is caused.
How to provide an energy-saving safe instant water heater becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar instant heating heat pump water heater, which makes full use of the advantages of a solar water heater and a heat pump water heater, avoids the defects of the solar water heater and the heat pump water heater and provides an energy-saving safe instant heating water heater.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a solar instant heat pump water heater, the heat pump water heater comprising:
the solar heat collector, a heat pump circulating pipeline with a circulating path switching device and a hot water heat exchanger;
the solar heat collector is connected in series with a pipeline between the heat supply expansion valve and the heat storage expansion valve in the heat pump circulating pipeline;
the condenser of the heat pump circulating system is arranged inside the hot water heat exchanger;
the water inlet of the hot water heat exchanger is connected with the water outlet of a tap water pipe, the water outlet of the hot water heat exchanger is connected with the first water inlet of the water mixing valve, the second water inlet of the water mixing valve is connected with the water outlet of the tap water pipe, and the water outlet of the water mixing valve is connected with a shower nozzle;
the circulation path switching device is used for switching the circulation path of the heat pump circulation pipeline; the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path when showering or a heat storage circulation path when not showering.
Optionally, the heat pump circulation pipeline includes an evaporative condenser, a cold water tank, a circulation path switching device, a compressor, a condenser, a heat supply expansion valve, and a heat storage expansion valve;
working media are filled in the cold water tank; the evaporative condenser is arranged in the cold water tank;
the first port of the evaporative condenser is connected with the port e of the circulation path switching device, the port d of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the port a of the circulation path switching device, the port b of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the condenser, and the port c of the circulation path switching device is communicated with the second port of the heat supply expansion valve;
the outlet of the condenser is connected with the first port of the heat supply expansion valve, the second port of the heat supply expansion valve is connected with the first port of the heat storage expansion valve, and the second port of the heat storage expansion valve is connected with the second port of the evaporative condenser;
when the conduction state of the circulation path switching device is that the port e is conducted with the port d, and the port a is conducted with the port b, the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path;
when the conduction state of the circulation path switching device is that the port a is communicated with the port e, and the port c is communicated with the port d, the circulation path is a heat storage circulation path.
Optionally, the heat pump circulation pipeline includes an evaporative condenser, a cold water tank, a circulation path switching device, a compressor, a condenser, a heat supply expansion valve, a heat storage expansion valve and a three-way reversing valve;
working media are filled in the cold water tank; the evaporative condenser is arranged in the cold water tank;
the first port of the evaporative condenser is connected with the port e of the circulation path switching device, the port d of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the port a of the circulation path switching device, the port b of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the condenser, and the port c of the circulation path switching device is communicated with the second port of the heat supply expansion valve;
the outlet of the condenser is connected with the first port of the heat supply expansion valve, the second port of the heat supply expansion valve is also connected with the first port of the heat storage expansion valve, the second port of the heat storage expansion valve is connected with the f port of the three-way reversing valve, the g port of the three-way reversing valve is connected with the second port of the evaporative condenser, and the h port of the three-way reversing valve is connected with the first port of the evaporative condenser;
when the three-way reversing valve is in a conduction state of f port and g port, the circulation path switching device is in a conduction state of e port and d port, and the a port and the b port are in conduction, the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path;
when the three-way reversing valve is in a conduction state of opening f and opening g, the circulation path switching device is in a conduction state of opening a and opening e which are communicated, and opening c and opening d are communicated, the circulation path is a heat storage circulation path;
when the f port and the h port of the three-way reversing valve are communicated, the e port and the d port of the circulation path switching device are communicated, and the a port and the b port are communicated, the solar heat collector heats water in the hot water heat exchanger through a heat pump circulation pipeline.
Optionally, the heat pump water heater further comprises a photosensitive sensor and a control system;
the photosensitive sensor is mounted on the solar thermal collector;
the signal output end of the photosensitive sensor is connected with the input end of the control system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the control end of the circulating path switching device;
the control system is used for comparing an illumination intensity signal detected by the photosensitive sensor with a preset illumination intensity value when a circulating path of the heat pump circulating pipeline is a heat storage circulating path, and controlling the conduction state of the circulating path switching device to be switched to the connection of the port c and the port e when the illumination intensity signal is greater than the preset illumination intensity value, so that the compressor exits the heat storage circulating path.
Optionally, the heat pump water heater further comprises a water temperature sensor and a control system;
the water temperature sensor is arranged in a water outlet pipeline of the hot water heat exchanger and connected with an input end of the control system, an output end of the control system is connected with a control end of the compressor, and the control system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the compressor according to the water temperature in the water outlet pipeline of the hot water heat exchanger measured by the water temperature sensor when a circulating path of a heat pump circulating pipeline is a heat supply circulating path.
Optionally, the circulation path switching device is a five-way reversing valve.
Optionally, in the process of heat absorption of the evaporator in the cold water tank, the phase change rate of the working medium in the cold water tank is 20% -60%.
Optionally, the cold water tank is a water tank of a toilet.
Optionally, the evaporator absorbs heat in the water tank of the toilet, and the phase change rate of water in the water tank of the toilet is 20% to 50%.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a solar instant heating heat pump water heater, which comprises: the solar heat collector, a heat pump circulating pipeline with a circulating path switching device and a hot water heat exchanger; the solar heat collector is connected in series with a pipeline between the heat supply expansion valve and the heat storage expansion valve in the heat pump circulating pipeline; the condenser of the heat pump circulating system is arranged inside the hot water heat exchanger; and switching the circulation path of the heat pump circulation pipeline by a circulation path switching device. According to the solar energy heat collector and the heat pump system, when bathing, the heat pump circulation pipeline is switched to the heat supply circulation pipeline, water in the hot water heat exchanger is rapidly heated by the heat pump circulation pipeline, instant heating is achieved, when the bathing is not carried out, the heat pump circulation pipeline is switched to the heat storage circulation pipeline, the working medium in the cold water tank is heated by the solar energy heat collector and the heat pump circulation pipeline, the heat collection temperature of the solar energy heat collector is reduced, effective utilization of solar energy is achieved, the running rate of the solar energy heat collector is further reduced, and the technical defect of low heating speed is overcome.
The invention utilizes the water tank of the closestool as the cold water tank, because the normal water used by the flushing closestool every day contains a large amount of low-grade heat and has no various impurities, the flushing closestool is cleaner than domestic sewage, the low-grade heat is relatively simple to utilize, the water temperature has little influence on the using effect of the closestool, and the peculiar smell of the closestool can be reduced particularly in summer due to the low flushing temperature. And the water tank of the closestool is used as the cold water tank, so that the separately arranged cold water tank is saved, and the occupied space of the toilet is reduced on the basis of saving the cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a heat storage process of a solar instant heat pump water heater provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating process of a solar instant heat pump water heater according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a heating process of a solar instant heat pump water heater provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention
Description of the drawings: the solar energy water heater comprises a compressor 1, a five-way reversing valve 2, a condenser 3, a heat supply expansion valve 4a, a heat storage expansion valve 4b, a solar heat collector 5, an evaporative condenser 6, a cold water tank 7, a temperature sensor 8a, a photosensitive sensor 8b, a hot water heat exchanger 9, a water mixing valve 10, a shower nozzle 11 and a three-way reversing valve 12.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a solar instant heating heat pump water heater, which makes full use of the advantages of different solar water heaters and heat pump water heaters, avoids the defects of the solar water heaters and the heat pump water heaters and provides an energy-saving safe instant heating water heater.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solar instant heat pump water heater, comprising: the solar heat collector 5, a heat pump circulation pipeline with a circulation path switching device and a hot water heat exchanger 9; the solar heat collector 5 is connected in series with a pipeline between the heat supply expansion valve 4a and the heat storage expansion valve 4b in the heat pump circulation pipeline; the condenser 3 of the heat pump circulating system is arranged inside the hot water heat exchanger 9; the water inlet of the hot water heat exchanger 9 is connected with the water outlet of a tap water pipe, the water outlet of the hot water heat exchanger 9 is connected with the first water inlet of a water mixing valve 10, the second water inlet of the water mixing valve 10 is connected with the water outlet of the tap water pipe, and the water outlet of the water mixing valve 10 is connected with a shower nozzle 11; the circulation path switching device is used for switching the circulation path of the heat pump circulation pipeline; the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path when showering or a heat storage circulation path when not showering.
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heat pump circulation line includes an evaporative condenser 6, a cold water tank 7, a circulation path switching device (corresponding to the five-way reversing valve 2 in fig. 1), a compressor 1, a condenser 3, a heat supply expansion valve 4a, and a heat storage expansion valve 4 b; working media are filled in the cold water tank 7; the evaporative condenser 6 is arranged in the cold water tank 7; a first port of the evaporative condenser 6 is connected to a port e of the circulation path switching device, a port d of the circulation path switching device is connected to an inlet of the compressor 1, an outlet of the compressor 1 is connected to a port a of the circulation path switching device, a port b of the circulation path switching device is connected to an inlet of the condenser 3, and a port c of the circulation path switching device is communicated with a second port of the heating expansion valve 4 a; the outlet of the condenser 3 is connected with the first port of the heat supply expansion valve 4a, the second port of the heat supply expansion valve 4a is connected with the first port of the heat storage expansion valve 4b, and the second port of the heat storage expansion valve 4b is connected with the second port of the evaporative condenser 6.
When the conduction state of the circulation path switching device is that the port e is conducted with the port d, and the port a is conducted with the port b, the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path; the course of the duty cycle is shown in figure 1. The evaporative condenser 6 is used as an evaporator, the refrigerant of the evaporative condenser 6 absorbs the heat in the cold water tank and then is absorbed into the condenser 3 through the compressor 1 to heat and refrigerate the water in the hot water heat exchanger, the refrigerated refrigerant is throttled to the solar heat collector 5 through the heating expansion valve 4a to absorb the heat, and the heat-absorbed refrigerant enters the evaporative condenser 6 through the heat storage expansion valve 4b which does not work to absorb the heat, thereby completing the heat supply cycle.
When the conduction state of the circulation path switching device is that the port a is communicated with the port e, and the port c is communicated with the port d, the circulation path is a heat storage circulation path. The course of the duty cycle is shown in fig. 2. The evaporative condenser 6 is used as a condenser, a refrigerant which absorbs heat and is refrigerated in the evaporative condenser 6 through a working medium in the cold water tank is throttled to the solar heat collector 5 through the heat storage expansion valve 4b to absorb heat and then enters the evaporative condenser 6 through the compressor 1 to heat the working medium in the cold water tank, and heat storage circulation is completed. The temperature of the working medium in the cold water tank 7 is slowly increased until the temperature is close to or equal to the ambient temperature. According to the intensity of solar radiation, the working medium in the cold water tank is continuously heated by the solar heat collector, so that the temperature of the working medium is further increased.
The working medium is a phase-change material, the temperature of the working medium in the cold water tank is always less than or equal to the ambient temperature, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material in the cold water tank is less than or equal to the ambient temperature and higher than 0 ℃, and the phase-change temperature range is 5-15 ℃.
In embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 3, the heat pump circulation line includes an evaporative condenser 6, a cold water tank 7, a circulation path switching device, a compressor 1, a condenser 3, a heat supply expansion valve 4a, a heat storage expansion valve 4b, and a three-way selector valve 12; the evaporative condenser 6 is arranged in the cold water tank 7; a first port of the evaporative condenser 6 is connected to a port e of the circulation path switching device, a port d of the circulation path switching device is connected to an inlet of the compressor 1, an outlet of the compressor 1 is connected to a port a of the circulation path switching device, a port b of the circulation path switching device is connected to an inlet of the condenser 3, and a port c of the circulation path switching device is communicated with a second port of the heating expansion valve 4 a; the export of condenser 3 is connected with heat supply expansion valve 4 b's first port, heat supply expansion valve 4 a's second port still with heat-retaining expansion valve 4 b's first port is connected, heat-retaining expansion valve 4 b's second port is connected with three-way reversing valve 12's f mouth, three-way reversing valve 12's g mouth with evaporative condenser 6's second port is connected, three-way reversing valve 12's h mouth with evaporative condenser 6's first port is connected.
When the three-way reversing valve is in a conduction state of f port and g port, the circulation path switching device is in a conduction state of e port and d port, and the a port and the b port are in conduction, the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path; the working cycle process is as shown in fig. 1, the evaporative condenser 6 at this time is used as an evaporator, the refrigerant of the evaporative condenser 6 absorbs the heat in the cold water tank and then is sucked into the condenser 3 through the compressor 1 to heat and refrigerate the water in the hot water heat exchanger, the refrigerated refrigerant is throttled to the solar heat collector 5 through the heating expansion valve 4a to absorb the heat, the heat-absorbed refrigerant enters the evaporative condenser 6 through the heat storage expansion valve 4b which is not in operation to absorb the heat, and the heat supply cycle is completed.
When the three-way reversing valve is in a conduction state of opening f and opening g, the circulation path switching device is in a conduction state of opening a and opening e which are communicated, and opening c and opening d are communicated, the circulation path is a heat storage circulation path; the working cycle process is as shown in fig. 2, at this time, the evaporative condenser 6 is used as a condenser, the refrigerant in the evaporative condenser 6 after absorbing heat and being refrigerated by the working medium in the cold water tank is throttled to the solar heat collector 5 by the heat storage expansion valve 4b to absorb heat and then enters the evaporative condenser 6 by the compressor 1 to heat the working medium in the cold water tank, and the heat storage cycle is completed. The temperature of the working medium in the cold water tank 7 is slowly increased until the temperature is close to or equal to the ambient temperature. When the opening f and the opening h of the three-way reversing valve are communicated and are higher than the ambient temperature, the working medium in the cold water tank is continuously heated by the solar heat collector according to the intensity of solar radiation, so that the temperature of the working medium is further increased.
When the f port and the h port of the three-way reversing valve are communicated, the e port and the d port of the circulation path switching device are communicated, and the a port and the b port are communicated, the solar heat collector heats water in the hot water heat exchanger through a heat pump circulation pipeline. The duty cycle process is shown in fig. 3. At the moment, the evaporative condenser 6 does not participate in work, refrigerant which is cooled by absorbing heat by water in the hot water heat exchanger in the condenser is throttled to the solar heat collector 5 by the heat storage expansion valve 4b to absorb heat and then enters the condenser through the compressor 1 to heat the water in the hot water heat exchanger, and the circulation of directly storing heat for the water in the hot water heat exchanger is completed.
The working medium is a phase-change material, the temperature of the working medium in the cold water tank is always less than or equal to the ambient temperature, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material in the cold water tank is less than or equal to the ambient temperature and higher than 0 ℃, and the phase-change temperature range is 5-15 ℃.
The circulating path switching device of the present invention may be, but is not limited to, a five-way selector valve 2.
As a preferred embodiment, the heat pump water heater further comprises a photosensitive sensor 8b and a control system (not shown in the figure); the photosensitive sensor 8b is mounted on the solar collector 5; the signal output end of the photosensitive sensor 8b is connected with the input end of the control system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the control end of the circulating path switching device; the control system is configured to, when a circulation path of the heat pump circulation line is a heat storage circulation path, compare an illumination intensity signal detected by the photosensor with a preset illumination intensity value as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and control the conduction state of the circulation path switching device to be switched to the conduction state of the port c and the port e when the illumination intensity signal is greater than the preset illumination intensity value, so that the compressor exits the heat storage circulation path. When the photosensitive sensor 8b detects that the solar radiation is low (less than or equal to 300W/m2), the compressor 1 is started, the port a and the port e in the five-way reversing valve are communicated, and the evaporative condenser 6 is used as a condenser for heating working media in the cold water tank 7 or water in the hot water heat exchanger. The refrigerant is throttled by the heat storage expansion valve 4b to the solar heat collector 5 to absorb heat and then is sucked into the compressor to complete the heat storage cycle. At this time, the cold water tank is low in temperature, and the solar heat collector is high in temperature, so that the heat storage cycle COP is high. When the solar radiation is high, the compressor 1 can be not started, and the working medium in the cold water tank 7 or the water in the hot water heat exchanger is directly heated by using the solar heat collector. The port e in the five-way reversing valve is communicated with the port c, and at the moment, the evaporative condenser or the condenser, the heat storage expansion valve 4b and the solar heat collector 5 form a closed loop. The refrigerant absorbs heat in the solar heat collector 5 and evaporates, releases heat in the cold water tank 7 or the hot water heat exchanger and then condenses, and then flows back to the solar heat collector 5 by gravity.
As a preferred embodiment, the heat pump water heater of the present invention further comprises a water temperature sensor 8a and a control system; the water temperature sensor 8a is arranged in a water outlet pipeline of the hot water heat exchanger 9, the water temperature sensor 8a is connected with an input end of the control system, an output end of the control system is connected with a control end of the compressor 1, and the control system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the compressor according to the water temperature in the water outlet pipeline of the hot water heat exchanger measured by the water temperature sensor when a circulating path of a heat pump circulating pipeline is a heat supply circulating path.
As a preferred embodiment, in the process of heat absorption in the cold water tank of the evaporator, the phase transformation rate of the working medium in the cold water tank is 20% to 60%. The condensing evaporator 6 can absorb sensible heat of temperature change and latent heat of phase change of the working medium in the cold water tank 7, when the condensing evaporator is used, the working medium can be changed into a solid state after being absorbed by the main evaporator, the phase change rate is less than or equal to 80%, preferably the phase change rate is 20% -60%, the capacity of the cold water tank is different according to different using people, 1-2 people is 30L, 2-3 people is 50L, 3-4 people is 60L, 5-6 people is 70L, and 6-10 people is 100L. In order to realize a larger number of continuous bathings when the volume is fixed, a heater may be provided in the cold water tank.
In a preferred embodiment, the cold water tank is a water tank of a toilet. The evaporator absorbs heat in the water tank of the closestool, and the phase change rate of water in the water tank of the closestool is 20-50%. Since every household requires a large amount of water to flush the toilet every day. This portion of the water contains a large amount of low grade heat and is not utilized. In order to fully utilize the low-quality heat, the cold water tank of the invention can adopt a water tank of a closestool, the water stored in the water tank of the closestool is the reclaimed water for flushing, the reclaimed water is connected with a reclaimed water pipe network, and the water temperature is always less than or equal to the ambient temperature. The condensation evaporator 6 can absorb the sensible heat and the latent heat of phase change of water in a water tank of the closestool, when the closestool is used, the working medium can be changed into a solid state after being absorbed by the condensation evaporator 6, the phase change rate is less than or equal to 60%, the phase change rate is preferably 20-50%, and at the moment, the water which does not freeze can still be used for flushing the closestool. The higher the liquid level of the bucket, the higher the scouring force. At this moment, the capacity of the toilet water tank can also be set according to the capacity requirement of the cold water tank, and the setting mode is as follows: the number of people is different according to the number of people, 1-2 people are 30L, 2-3 people are 50L, 3-4 people are 60L, 5-6 people are 70L, and 6-10 people are 100L. Practice of the invention is not limited to the tank of a toilet. In order to realize a greater number of successive bathings with a given volume, a heater may be provided in the tank of the toilet.
As a preferred embodiment, the heat pump water heater of the present invention has a pasteurization mode once a month for a duration of two hours. When the water heater is not used, namely hot water is not provided, the compressor is started circularly, the temperature in the hot water heat exchanger 6 is controlled to be 60 ℃, and the duration is not less than 2 hours, so that legionella is killed in the high-temperature environment.
The operation principle of the heat pump water heater of the present invention is described in embodiment 1, and the principle of embodiment 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1, and will not be described herein again. The invention utilizes the heat pump technology, and the evaporative condenser is placed in the cold water tank to directly contact with the working medium for heat exchange, the condenser directly carries out heat convection with tap water, the heat exchange coefficients at two sides are high, the heat exchange temperature difference is low, compared with an air source heat pump water heater, the heat pump has small temperature difference between the operating evaporation temperature and the condensation temperature, and the COP is higher than that of an air source heat pump water heater; and the working medium temperature in the cold water tank is not influenced by the external environment, the temperature fluctuation is small, and the water heater works more stably. Through thermodynamic calculation, under a typical working condition in summer, the temperature of tap water is 20 ℃, the temperature of outlet water is 37 ℃, and the COP of the system is 4.26; under typical working conditions in winter, the temperature of tap water is 10 ℃, the temperature of outlet water is 40 ℃, and the COP of the system is 3.
An evaporative condenser 6 of the heat pump water heater is placed in a cold water tank 7, working media (water or phase-change materials) with the temperature less than or equal to the ambient temperature are stored in the cold water tank 7, the preferred phase-change temperature range is 5-15 ℃, when the heat pump water heater works, a refrigerant in the evaporative condenser 6 absorbs heat of the water or the phase-change materials in the water tank, tap water flowing through the condenser 3 is heated by utilizing heat pump circulation, and further the tap water is mixed with the tap water by utilizing a water mixing valve 10 to reach the shower temperature.
The mixing valve 10 controls the flow and proportion of cold and hot water. When the mixing valve is opened and hot water is needed at the hot water side, the temperature sensor 12 detects whether the temperature of the hot water reaches a set temperature. Wherein the temperature range is set to be (35-60 ℃), which is different from the use habit, and the preferred value is 38-45 ℃. When the deviation between the hot water temperature and the set temperature is detected to be large, the temperature sensor 12 inputs a detected temperature signal into the control system, the control system controls the running frequency of the compressor to be increased, when the hot water temperature is close to the set temperature, the control system reduces the frequency of the compressor, and when the hot water temperature is the same as the set temperature, the pressure control system controls the compressor to run at the rated rotating speed. The invention controls the running frequency of the compressor through the water temperature.
And after the shower is finished, switching to a heat storage circulation working state. On one hand, the evaporative condenser 6 absorbs the heat of the working medium in the cold water tank 7, so that the temperature of the working medium in the cold water tank 7 is lower than the ambient temperature, and at the moment, the temperature of the working medium in the cold water tank 7 can absorb the heat of the ambient temperature and is slowly increased; on the other hand, when the photosensor 8b detects low solar radiation (< 300W/m)2) The compressor 1 is started, the port a and the port e in the five-way reversing valve are communicated, and the evaporative condenser 6 is used as a working medium for heating the cold storage water tank 7 by the condenser. The refrigerant is throttled by the heat storage expansion valve 4b to the solar heat collector 5 to absorb heat and then is sucked into the compressor to complete the heat storage cycle. At this time, the heat storage cycle COP is higher because the water tank temperature is low and the solar heat collector temperature is high. When the solar radiation is high, the compressor 1 can be not started, and the working medium in the cold water storage tank 7 is directly heated by the solar heat collector. The port e in the five-way reversing valve is communicated with the port c, and at the moment, the evaporative condenser, the heat storage expansion valve 4b and the solar heat collector 5 form a closed loop heat pipe. The refrigerant absorbs heat in the solar heat collector 5, evaporates, releases heat in the cold water storage tank 7, condenses, and then returns to the solar heat collector 5 by gravity. The temperature of the working medium in the cold water storage tank 7 is slowly raised until it approaches or equals the ambient temperature. When the temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, the working medium in the cold water tank is continuously heated by the solar heat collector according to the intensity of solar radiation, so that the temperature of the working medium is further increased.
After the shower is finished, the low-temperature working medium in the cold water tank absorbs the environmental energy, and the temperature slowly rises until the temperature is close to the environmental temperature. The heat absorption capacity of the fluid in the temperature rising process is as follows:
QW＝mIγ+cmW(TE-T0) (1)
wherein m ishMass of the working medium subjected to phase change; gamma is latent heat of phase change of the working medium; c is the specific heat of the working medium; m isWIs the total mass of the working medium; t isEThe temperature is the temperature of the working medium after the temperature rise is finished; t is0The temperature is the temperature of the working medium at the beginning of temperature rise;
the energy equation of the temperature rise process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002359199300000101
wherein Q isWThe heat absorption capacity of the working medium in the cold water tank in the temperature rise process is obtained by equation (1); a is the heat exchange area between the working medium in the cold water tank and air; t isaIs ambient temperature; t isWIs the temperature of the water in the water tank, which changes with time and is a function of time; t is the temperature rise time of water in the water tank;
k is the heat exchange coefficient between the working medium in the cold water tank and the air, and the natural convection heat exchange coefficient and the radiation heat exchange coefficient from the environment to the outer surface of the cold water tank1Wall heat conductivity coefficient K of cold water tank2And the natural convection heat exchange coefficient K of the inner wall surface of the cold water tank and the working medium in the cold water tank3And calculating to obtain:
Figure BDA0002359199300000102
wall heat conductivity coefficient K of cold water tank2The heat conduction of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface and the heat conduction of the heat insulation layer are calculated to obtain:
Figure BDA0002359199300000103
wherein, delta1,δ2,δ3The thicknesses of the inner wall surface, the heat insulation layer and the outer wall surface of the cold water tank are respectively set;
λ1,λ2,λ3the heat conductivity coefficients of the inner wall surface, the heat insulation layer and the outer wall surface of the cold water tank are respectively;
according to the equation (1-4), when all structural parameters are determined, material physical parameters are known, the environment temperature is known, and the temperature rise starting and ending temperature is known, the thickness of the cold water tank heat-insulating layer and the temperature rise time t are in a single-value function relationship. In order to prevent the heating process from affecting the comfort level by affecting the ambient temperature of the shower room too much, the heating time is 10-20 hours, preferably 10-18 hours, so that the thickness of the heat-insulating layer can be determined. In order to further reduce the influence of the temperature rise of the cold water tank on the environment temperature of the toilet, the heat-insulating layer can be thickened properly according to the working quality of the cold water tank, and the thickness can be reduced properly due to the fact that the heating process of the solar heat collector on the working medium in the cold water tank is considered.
The working medium in the cold water tank 7 is water or a phase-change material, and the temperature of the working medium is less than or equal to the ambient temperature; the phase change temperature of the phase change material is less than the ambient temperature and greater than 0 ℃; if the internal working medium is water, the water can be frozen, and the freezing rate is up to 80 percent so as to utilize the phase change latent heat of the water.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a solar instant heating heat pump water heater, which comprises: the solar heat collector, a heat pump circulating pipeline with a circulating path switching device and a hot water heat exchanger; the solar heat collector is connected in series with a pipeline between the heat supply expansion valve and the heat storage expansion valve in the heat pump circulating pipeline; the condenser of the heat pump circulating system is arranged inside the hot water heat exchanger; and switching the circulation path of the heat pump circulation pipeline by a circulation path switching device. When the solar water heater is not used for bathing, the heat pump circulating pipeline is switched to the heat supply circulating path, the water of the hot water heat exchanger is rapidly heated by the heat pump circulating pipeline, instant heating is realized, when the solar water heater is not used for bathing, the heat pump circulating pipeline is switched to the heat storage circulating path, and the working medium in the cold water tank is heated by the solar heat collector and the heat pump circulating pipeline, so that the heat collection temperature of the solar heat collector is reduced, the effective utilization of solar energy is realized, the running cost of the solar heat collector is further reduced, and the technical defect of low heating speed is avoided.
The invention utilizes the water tank of the closestool as the cold water tank, because the normal water used by the flushing closestool every day contains a large amount of low-grade heat and has no various impurities, the flushing closestool is cleaner than domestic sewage, the low-grade heat is relatively simple to utilize, the water temperature has little influence on the using effect of the closestool, and the peculiar smell of the closestool can be reduced particularly in summer due to the low flushing temperature. And the water tank of the closestool is used as the cold water tank, so that the separately arranged cold water tank is saved, and the occupied space of the toilet is reduced on the basis of saving the cost.
The equivalent embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the equivalent embodiments can be referred to each other.
The principle and the implementation manner of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A solar instant heat pump water heater, characterized in that the heat pump water heater comprises:
the solar heat collector, a heat pump circulating pipeline with a circulating path switching device and a hot water heat exchanger;
the solar heat collector is connected in series with a pipeline between the heat supply expansion valve and the heat storage expansion valve in the heat pump circulating pipeline;
the condenser of the heat pump circulating pipeline is arranged inside the hot water heat exchanger;
the water inlet of the hot water heat exchanger is connected with the water outlet of a tap water pipe, the water outlet of the hot water heat exchanger is connected with the first water inlet of the water mixing valve, the second water inlet of the water mixing valve is connected with the water outlet of the tap water pipe, and the water outlet of the water mixing valve is connected with a shower nozzle;
the circulation path switching device is used for switching the circulation path of the heat pump circulation pipeline; the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path when showering or a heat storage circulation path when not showering;
the cold water tank of the heat pump circulating pipeline is a water tank of a closestool;
the heat pump circulating pipeline comprises an evaporative condenser, a cold water tank, a circulating path switching device, a compressor, a condenser, a heat supply expansion valve and a heat storage expansion valve; working media are filled in the cold water tank; the evaporative condenser is arranged in the cold water tank; the first port of the evaporative condenser is connected with the port e of the circulation path switching device, the port d of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the port a of the circulation path switching device, the port b of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the condenser, and the port c of the circulation path switching device is communicated with the second port of the heat supply expansion valve; the outlet of the condenser is connected with the first port of the heat supply expansion valve, the second port of the heat supply expansion valve is connected with the first port of the heat storage expansion valve, and the second port of the heat storage expansion valve is connected with the second port of the evaporative condenser; when the conduction state of the circulation path switching device is that the port e is conducted with the port d, and the port a is conducted with the port b, the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path; when the conduction state of the circulation path switching device is that the port a is communicated with the port e, and the port c is communicated with the port d, the circulation path is a heat storage circulation path;
or the heat pump circulating pipeline comprises an evaporative condenser, a cold water tank, a circulating path switching device, a compressor, a condenser, a heat supply expansion valve, a heat storage expansion valve and a three-way reversing valve; working media are filled in the cold water tank; the evaporative condenser is arranged in the cold water tank; the first port of the evaporative condenser is connected with the port e of the circulation path switching device, the port d of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the port a of the circulation path switching device, the port b of the circulation path switching device is connected with the inlet of the condenser, and the port c of the circulation path switching device is communicated with the second port of the heat supply expansion valve; the outlet of the condenser is connected with the first port of the heat supply expansion valve, the second port of the heat supply expansion valve is also connected with the first port of the heat storage expansion valve, the second port of the heat storage expansion valve is connected with the f port of the three-way reversing valve, the g port of the three-way reversing valve is connected with the second port of the evaporative condenser, and the h port of the three-way reversing valve is connected with the first port of the evaporative condenser; when the three-way reversing valve is in a conduction state of f port and g port, the circulation path switching device is in a conduction state of e port and d port, and the a port and the b port are in conduction, the circulation path is a heat supply circulation path; when the three-way reversing valve is in a conduction state of opening f and opening g, the circulation path switching device is in a conduction state of opening a and opening e which are communicated, and opening c and opening d are communicated, the circulation path is a heat storage circulation path; when the f port and the h port of the three-way reversing valve are communicated, the e port and the d port of the circulation path switching device are communicated, and the a port and the b port are communicated, the solar heat collector heats water in the hot water heat exchanger through a heat pump circulation pipeline.
2. The solar-assisted heat pump water heater of claim 1, wherein the heat pump water heater further comprises a photosensitive sensor, a control system;
the photosensitive sensor is mounted on the solar thermal collector;
the signal output end of the photosensitive sensor is connected with the input end of the control system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the control end of the circulating path switching device;
the control system is used for comparing an illumination intensity signal detected by the photosensitive sensor with a preset illumination intensity value when a circulating path of the heat pump circulating pipeline is a heat storage circulating path, and controlling the conduction state of the circulating path switching device to be switched to the connection of the port c and the port e when the illumination intensity signal is greater than the preset illumination intensity value, so that the compressor exits the heat storage circulating path.
3. The solar-instant heat pump water heater of claim 1, wherein the heat pump water heater further comprises a water temperature sensor and a control system;
the water temperature sensor is arranged in a water outlet pipeline of the hot water heat exchanger and connected with an input end of the control system, an output end of the control system is connected with a control end of the compressor, and the control system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the compressor according to the water temperature in the water outlet pipeline of the hot water heat exchanger measured by the water temperature sensor when a circulating path of a heat pump circulating pipeline is a heat supply circulating path.
4. The solar instant heat pump water heater of claim 1, wherein the circulation path switching device is a five-way reversing valve.
5. The solar instant heat pump water heater according to claim 1, wherein the evaporative condenser absorbs heat in the water tank of the toilet, and the phase transformation rate of water in the water tank of the toilet is 20-50%.
CN202010016824.3A 2020-01-08 2020-01-08 Solar instant heating heat pump water heater Active CN111156696B (en)

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