CN111156545A - One-driving-two household biomass heating equipment with automatic feeding function - Google Patents
One-driving-two household biomass heating equipment with automatic feeding function Download PDFInfo
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- CN111156545A CN111156545A CN202010083276.6A CN202010083276A CN111156545A CN 111156545 A CN111156545 A CN 111156545A CN 202010083276 A CN202010083276 A CN 202010083276A CN 111156545 A CN111156545 A CN 111156545A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000007659 motor function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000580348 Hordeum vulgare Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase A, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/183—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with additional provisions for heating water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a one-driving-two household biomass heating device with an automatic feeding function, which comprises an automatic feeding device and two heating furnaces, wherein the automatic feeding device comprises a control box, a rotating mechanism and a fuel tank, the control box and the fuel tank are arranged in an up-and-down structure, the control box is positioned at the upper part, the fuel tank is positioned at the lower part, a motor is arranged in the control box, and an upper limit switch and a lower limit switch for limiting the stroke of a material supporting disc are arranged on the fuel tank; the automatic feeding device is connected with the two heating furnaces through respective feeding channels, and the whole heating furnace is in a small shape. The automatic feeding device is in a shape of Chinese character 'zhong', the automatic feeding device is designed into a convex structure at the discharge port of the fuel tank, and the cross section area of the convex structure is 1.3-1.5 times of that of the lower part of the fuel tank. The heating equipment simultaneously supplies heat for two farmers through one automatic feeding device, can realize 8-hour unattended operation, has low price of used fuel, high efficiency and low emission of heating furnaces, and has comprehensive heat efficiency as high as 85 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass clean heating, and particularly relates to a one-driving-two-type household biomass heating device which takes straw briquettes as fuel and has an automatic feeding function. The heating equipment takes the cheap pressing blocks as fuel, feeds materials for two heating furnaces through one automatic feeding device, and the generated hot water supplies heat for rural independent buildings, so that the energy utilization of agricultural wastes is realized, and the emission of atmospheric pollutants is reduced.
Background
As a big agricultural country, China produces about 14 hundred million tons of straws every year. A large amount of straws are burnt in the field and piled up on the ground, which seriously causes energy waste and environmental pollution. In recent years, in the background of ecological civilization and beautiful country construction, on-site straw burning is strictly prohibited. Meanwhile, in rural areas, biomass energy heating is mainly developed, and the environmental problem caused by direct combustion of a large amount of agricultural and forestry wastes is solved.
The rural independent building is mostly single-layer and is the layout of side by side structure, if adopt city pipe network central heating mode because of the pipe network is laid too long heat loss more and the water conservancy is out of order seriously, lead to system efficiency extremely low, this mode is relatively poor in rural area suitability. The heating mode of 'one household and one furnace' is adopted, the initial investment of equipment is high, and the emission of the atmospheric pollutants is high. The construction of public service industry centered on energy service stations in rural areas is an important way to promote clean heating in rural areas, i.e. the energy service stations perform centralized and specialized management on scattered heating equipment.
However, the existing biomass heating equipment on the market is more combustible to form particles, and the high equipment cost (more than 1 ten thousand per set) and the expensive fuel price (1200 yuan per ton) are not acceptable for farmers with low income. Heating equipment suitable for burning cheap straw briquettes (about 500 yuan/ton) has the defects of low automation degree, low heat efficiency, high pollutant discharge amount and the like, and particularly, the indoor air quality can be seriously reduced by tar generated during the fire banking smoldering period. For example, the reverse combustion type biological straw briquette heating and cooking dual-purpose furnace disclosed in the Chinese patent CN201520222474.0 has no automatic feeding device and is high in labor intensity. The civil heating stove which is capable of automatically feeding and takes straw briquettes as fuel disclosed in Chinese patent ZL200820142106.5 has the problems of high exhaust gas temperature, low heat efficiency (about 65%) and the like. The household direct-fired heating equipment using straw briquettes as fuel disclosed in the Chinese patent 201420632362.8 has improved thermal efficiency, but the initial investment of the equipment is higher because one heating furnace is provided with an automatic feeding device.
The invention designs one-driving-two household biomass heating equipment which takes straw briquettes as fuel and has an automatic feeding function by comprehensively considering the structure and the layout characteristics of a rural independent building. The heating equipment can reduce the initial investment of equipment and lay a foundation for the development of the rural heating basic service industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing biomass heating equipment, the invention designs the biomass heating equipment for one-driving-two-type households, which takes straw briquettes as fuel and has an automatic feeding function.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: based on the combustion characteristics of straw briquette fuel, combined with technologies such as zone combustion, low-temperature combustion, flue gas circulation and enhanced heat transfer, the one-driving-two type household biomass heating equipment with the straw briquette as the fuel and an automatic feeding function is designed, and comprises an automatic feeding device, wherein the automatic feeding device comprises a control box, a rotating mechanism and a fuel tank, the control box and the fuel tank are arranged in an up-and-down structure, the control box is positioned at the upper part, the fuel tank is positioned at the lower part, a motor is arranged in the control box, and an upper limit switch and a lower limit switch for limiting the stroke of a material supporting disc are arranged on the fuel tank; the heating equipment is characterized by further comprising two heating furnaces, wherein the automatic feeding device is connected with the two heating furnaces through respective feeding channels, and the whole heating equipment is in a small shape.
The automatic feeding device is in a shape of Chinese character 'zhong', the automatic feeding device is designed into a convex structure at the discharge port of the fuel tank, and the cross section area of the convex structure is 1.3-1.5 times of that of the lower part of the fuel tank.
A motor speed regulator, a mode selection button, a time counter I, a timing switching button, a time counter II, an audible and visual alarm, a starting button, an ascending button, a descending button, a continuous ascending button and an emergency stop button are arranged on the shell of the control box; the motor speed regulator controls the rotating speed of the motor, the time counter I and the time counter II control the motor to work intermittently, the time counter I is used in a high-load working condition in the daytime, the time counter II is used in a low-load working condition at night, and the two working conditions are switched by the timing switching button I; when the fuel in the fuel tank is used up, the material supporting disc touches the upper limit switch, the motor stops rotating and the audible and visual alarm gives out audible and visual alarm at the same time, the descending button is manually intervened to press the motor to reversely rotate, when the material supporting disc is operated to the bottom of the fuel tank, the lower limit switch is touched, the motor stops rotating, and the next feeding period can be started by pressing the ascending button after manual feeding; the mode selection button is used for controlling the continuous operation and the intermittent operation of the motor; this control box is provided with zero-voltage protection function, and when power outage or voltage seriously reduced promptly, the motor stall, when the power supply resumes to supply power again or mains voltage stabilizes and resumes normally, must the manual work press the start button system just can normally work.
The working mode of the heating equipment is as follows: manually filling straw briquette fuel in a fuel tank, switching on a power supply to start an automatic feeding device, selecting a required time counter through a timing switching button, selecting a time counter I in the daytime and selecting a time counter II at night to realize stable low-flow conveying of the briquette fuel of 2.5-3.5kg/h, driving a material supporting disc and the briquette fuel to integrally ascend by a screw rod under the driving of a motor, throwing surface layer fuel into a hearth under the rotation of a material stirring disc, falling to a shaking grate, and igniting the briquette fuel in an ash hopper by firewood; the stirring plate supplies materials to the two heating furnaces simultaneously under the action of the screw rod, fixed carbon contained in the briquette fuel is combusted in the primary combustion chamber, most of volatile matters are combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, high-temperature flue gas generated by the secondary combustion chamber flows through the spiral coil pipe and the convection pipe bundle in sequence to exchange heat, then flows through the baffling labyrinth and the dust-settling filter screen to remove dust, and finally, most of flue gas is exhausted into air from a chimney under the suction of a centrifugal draught fan, and 20-30% of a small amount of flue gas flows into the primary combustion chamber in the flue gas circulation pipeline to be combusted again.
The motor function terminal connection mode is: connecting a time counter I and a time counter II in parallel, then connecting a timing switching button, then connecting the timing switching button and a continuous rising button in parallel, connecting the timing switching button and a second relay normally-open end in series through a mode switching button, and finally connecting the timing switching button and a CW end of a motor controller to control the motor to rotate forwards; the CCW end of the motor controller is sequentially connected with the normally open end of the third relay and the COM end of the motor controller;
the connection mode of the functional terminals of the control device in the control box is that a live wire passes through an air circuit breaker and then is connected with a ① branch circuit and a first relay normally-open end, seven parallel branch circuits are led out after the first relay normally-open end, and are sequentially marked as ②, ②, ②, ②, ②, 634 and ②, wherein the first relay normally-open end is connected with a starting button in parallel in a ① wire and then is sequentially connected with a first relay coil end, an emergency stop button and a zero line, the second relay normally-open end is connected with an ascending button in parallel in a ② wire and then is sequentially connected with an upper limit switch normally-closed end, a second relay coil end, a third relay normally-closed end and a zero line, the third relay coil end and the zero line are connected in parallel in a ③ wire and then are sequentially connected with a lower limit switch normally-closed end, the third relay coil end, the second relay normally-closed end and the zero line, a ④ wire is respectively connected with an upper limit switch, a lower switch, then is connected in parallel, and then is connected with a No. 8945, a time counter, an audible and a ⑦ time governor are respectively connected with an audible and a second motor.
The rotating mechanism comprises a material stirring plate, a lead screw and a material supporting plate; the material stirring disc adopts a double-layer material stirring blade structure and is positioned on a rotating mechanism at the height of a fuel tank convex structure, the length of an upper layer material stirring blade is 0.35 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the length of a lower layer material stirring blade is 0.3 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, and the material stirring blades are fastened on a lead screw through screws; the material supporting disc adopts a double-layer structure, and the middle parts of the material supporting disc are connected by a spring; a stepping nut is welded at the central position of the material supporting disc, and the material supporting disc and the fuel are driven to ascend step by step under the rotation of the screw rod; and bull's eye steel balls are fixed on the periphery of the material supporting plate.
The heating furnace comprises a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, a chimney and an ash hopper; a double-grate structure of a water-cooling grate and a rocking grate is adopted in the primary combustion chamber, the water-cooling grate is obliquely arranged at the middle upper part of the primary combustion chamber, the inclination angle is 15 degrees, and two ends of the water-cooling grate are communicated with the circulating water jacket; the rocking grate is arranged at the lower part of the primary combustion chamber, the rocking grate is connected with the rocking handle through an outward extending connecting rod, and an air supply hole is arranged on the primary combustion chamber between the rocking grate and the water-cooling grate;
the middle upper part of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a spiral coil, and two ends of the spiral coil are connected with the circulating water jackets at two sides; the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with an air-homogenizing diversion hole, and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a secondary air supply hole;
convection tube bundles are transversely arranged in the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, a deflection labyrinth is arranged at the bottom of the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, a dust-settling filter screen is arranged behind the deflection labyrinth, a centrifugal induced draft fan is arranged behind the dust-settling filter screen, an air outlet of the induced draft fan is connected with a chimney, and partial flue gas in the chimney is delivered to a primary combustion chamber for secondary combustion through an air supply hole under the action of a flue gas circulating pipeline; one side that a combustion chamber is close to the fuel tank is provided with the water inlet, sets up the delivery port on the lateral wall of keeping away from the fuel tank of high-efficient heat transfer room, and the water inlet is close to the below of heating stove, and the delivery port is located the top of heating stove.
The upper part and the middle part of the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber are provided with transverse convection tube bundles, the baffling labyrinth is formed by folding wave-shaped iron plates, the three layers are formed, and the wave-shaped iron plates on each layer are integrally concave.
Compared with the existing biomass heating equipment, the biomass heating equipment has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the obvious progress of providing the biomass heating equipment for one-driving-two households, which takes the straw briquettes as fuel and has the function of automatic feeding. The heating equipment simultaneously supplies heat for two farmers through one automatic feeding device, can realize 8-hour unattended operation, has low price of used fuel, high efficiency and low emission of heating furnaces, and has comprehensive heat efficiency as high as 85 percent. Compared with the existing biomass particle heating equipment, the price of the used straw briquette fuel (500 yuan/ton) is far lower than that of the particle fuel (1200 yuan/ton), and the operation cost of the heating equipment is greatly reduced. Compared with the existing household biomass briquette heating equipment, the heating equipment developed by the patent has high automation degree and low labor intensity, and two heating furnaces share one automatic feeding device, so that the working efficiency of the automatic feeding device is improved, and the cost of the whole set of equipment is reduced; in addition, the higher combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency reduce the fuel consumption and reduce the operation cost; low pollutant discharge and obvious environmental benefit.
The essential characteristics of the invention are:
(1) the automatic feeding device is used for conveying fuel for two household biomass briquette heating equipment at the same time, the material stirring disc is controlled to rotate intermittently through the time counter, a small amount of briquette fuel is stirred into the two heating furnaces respectively in the rotating process of the material stirring disc, the stable low-flow (2.5-3.5kg/h) conveying of the briquette fuel is realized, and the combustion stability of the heating furnaces is ensured.
(2) The automatic feeding device is designed into a convex structure at the discharge port of the fuel tank, and the cross section area of the automatic feeding device is 1.3-1.5 times of that of the lower fuel tank. The material stirring disc adopts a double-layer structure, the diameter of the material stirring disc on the upper layer is 0.8 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the length of each blade is 0.35 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the diameter of the material stirring disc on the lower layer is 0.7 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the length of each blade is 0.3 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the upper layer of blades mainly play a role in loosening fuel on the surface layer of the fuel tank, the lower layer of blades mainly play a role in stirring fuel into the hearth, and the double-layer structure of the material supporting disc ensures that fuel is thrown. The material supporting disc adopts an upper and lower double-layer structure, the middle of the material supporting disc is connected by a spring, and the material supporting disc has the function of providing elastic displacement in the rising process of the fuel and avoiding bridging or blocking phenomena among the fuel.
(3) The heating stove adopts a structure of a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, a chimney and an ash bucket. The primary combustion chamber adopts a combined structure of a water-cooling grate and a rocking grate, so that low-temperature combustion is realized, and the coking phenomenon of a fuel layer is avoided. The primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are coupled for use, so that the zoned combustion of fixed carbon and volatile matters is realized, the fixed carbon is mainly combusted in the primary combustion chamber, and the volatile matters are mainly combusted in the secondary combustion chamber. The arrangement of the spiral coil in the secondary combustion chamber not only improves the heat exchange area and strengthens the heat exchange effect, but also strengthens the flow of circulating water in the water jacket. The transverse convection tube bundles are arranged at the upper part and the middle part of the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, so that the heat exchange effect between high-temperature flue gas and the water jacket is enhanced, the exhaust gas temperature is effectively reduced, and the exhaust heat loss is reduced. And a baffling labyrinth and a dust-settling filter screen are arranged at the tail flue, so that the dust content in the flue gas is effectively reduced.
(4) The chimney of the heating equipment is provided with the centrifugal fan with an independent power supply, and the forced ventilation mode is adopted to ensure the excess air coefficient required in the combustion process, so that the combustion efficiency is improved.
(5) The heating equipment adopts a flue gas circulation technology, and partial flue gas is sent into the primary combustion chamber through a flue gas circulation pipeline to be combusted again, so that the emission of NOx and other atmospheric pollutants is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-driving-two household biomass heating device with an automatic feeding function.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a one-driving-two household biomass heating device with an automatic feeding function according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the automatic feeding device
Fig. 4 is a layout view of buttons on a control box housing of the automatic feeding apparatus.
Fig. 5 is a connection wiring diagram of the motor functional terminal.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of connection wiring of device function terminals in the control box.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail and fully with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
The invention relates to a one-driving-two household biomass heating device with an automatic feeding function, which consists of an automatic feeding device I and two heating furnaces II (see figure 1), wherein the automatic feeding device I and the heating furnaces II are connected through a feeding channel 8, and the whole heating device is in a small shape.
The automatic feeding device consists of a control box, a rotating mechanism and a fuel box, the left view of the whole automatic feeding device is in a shape of Chinese character 'zhong' (referring to figure 3), and the middle part of the automatic feeding device adopts a convex structure. The control box and the fuel tank adopt an up-down structure, the control box is positioned at the upper part, and the fuel tank is positioned at the lower part.
The motor 3 is arranged in the control box 1, and the motor speed regulator 01, the mode selection button 02, the time counter I03, the timing switching button 04, the time counter II 05, the audible and visual alarm 06, the start button 07, the ascending button 08, the descending button 09, the continuous ascending button 010 and the emergency stop button 011 (see fig. 4) are sequentially arranged on the control box shell. Wherein motor speed regulator 01 controls the rotational speed of motor 3, and time counter I03 and time counter II 05 control motor intermittent type formula work, and time counter I03 is used for daytime high load operating mode, and time counter II 05 is used for evening low-load operating mode, and two kinds of operating modes are switched through timing switching button I04. When the fuel in the fuel tank is used up, the material supporting disc touches the upper limit switch, the motor stops rotating, the audible and visual alarm 06 gives an audible and visual alarm at the same time, the motor is reversely rotated by manually pressing the descending button 09, the lower limit switch is touched when the material supporting disc is operated to the bottom of the fuel tank, the motor stops rotating, and the next feeding period can be started by manually pressing the ascending button 08 after feeding. The mode selection button 02 is used to control the continuous operation and the intermittent operation of the motor, and the continuous operation function of the motor is mainly used to quickly lift the fuel to a proper position by the continuous lifting button 010 if the fuel quantity does not reach the standard position after the fuel tank is filled, and then to place the fuel in the intermittent operation mode. In addition, the control box is provided with a zero-voltage protection function, namely when the power supply is powered off or the voltage is seriously reduced, the motor stops rotating, and when the power supply recovers to supply power again or the voltage of the power supply recovers to be normal stably, the system can work normally only by manually pressing the start button 07. The function avoids accidents caused by the rotation of the motor when the power supply recovers to supply power again or the voltage of the power supply recovers to be normal stably. If the control system has a fault, the power supply can be cut off through the emergency stop button 011, and the connection diagrams of the functional terminals of the control system are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
The rotating mechanism comprises a motor 3, a coupler 4, a bearing 5, a material shifting disc 6, a lead screw 7 and a material supporting disc 19. The material stirring disc 6 adopts a double-layer material stirring blade structure, the diameter of the upper layer material stirring disc is 0.8 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the length of the material stirring blade is 0.35 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the diameter of the lower layer material stirring disc is 0.7 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, and the length of the material stirring blade is 0.3 time of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank. The material shifting blades are fastened on the screw rod through screws, the upper layer of the material shifting blades are used for loosening upper layer fuel in the fuel tank, and the lower layer of the material shifting blades are used for shifting the fuel in the fuel tank into a hearth. The material supporting disc 19 adopts a double-layer structure, the middle of the material supporting disc is connected by a spring 20, and the material supporting disc has the function of enabling the fuel to have certain elastic displacement in the rising process, so that the phenomenon that the fuel is blocked is avoided. A stepping nut is welded at the central position of the material supporting disc, and the material supporting disc and the fuel are driven to ascend step by step under the rotation of the screw rod. And the bull's eye steel balls are fixed on the periphery of the material supporting disc and are used for reducing the frictional resistance between the material supporting disc and the wall surface of the fuel tank.
The top of the automatic feeding device is provided with a heat dissipation hole 2 which is used for dissipating heat generated in the working process of the motor in time. Four castors 18 are mounted to the bottom of the magazine. Two discharge ports 31 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the top of the fuel tank, and each discharge port is connected with a heating furnace through a feeding channel 8.
The heating stove comprises five parts of a primary combustion chamber 30, a secondary combustion chamber 29, a high-efficiency heat exchange chamber 28, a chimney 27 and an ash bucket 16. A water-cooling grate 24 and a shaking grate 22 double-grate structure are adopted in the primary combustion chamber 30, the water-cooling grate 24 is obliquely arranged at the middle upper part of the primary combustion chamber, the inclination angle is 15 degrees, and two ends of the water-cooling grate are communicated with the circulating water jacket; the rocking grate 22 is arranged at the lower part of the primary combustion chamber, the rocking grate 22 is connected with the rocking handle 21 through an outward extending connecting rod, and an air supply hole 23 is arranged on the primary combustion chamber between the rocking grate 22 and the water-cooling grate. The middle upper part of the secondary combustion chamber 29 is provided with a spiral coil 9, and two ends of the spiral coil 9 are connected with the circulating water jackets at two sides; the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 29 is provided with an even air diversion hole 15, and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 29 is provided with a secondary air supply hole 14. Convection bank 11 is transversely arranged in the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber 28, a baffling labyrinth 25 is arranged at the bottom, a dust-settling filter screen 26 is arranged behind the baffling labyrinth, a centrifugal induced draft fan 13 is arranged behind the dust-settling filter screen 26, an air outlet of the fan is connected with a chimney 27, and partial flue gas in the chimney 27 is delivered to the primary combustion chamber for secondary combustion through an air supply hole 23 under the action of a flue gas circulating pipeline 12. One side that the first combustion chamber is close to the fuel tank is provided with water inlet 17, sets up delivery port 10 on the lateral wall of keeping away from the fuel tank of high-efficient heat transfer room 28, and the water inlet is close to the below of heating stove, and the delivery port is located the top of heating stove, and heating stove cold water gets into the circulation water jacket by water inlet 17, and after the heat transfer, hot water flows out by delivery port 10.
The heating equipment of the invention has the working mode that: the fuel tank is filled with straw briquetting fuel manually, the automatic feeding device is started by switching on the power supply, a required time counter (a time counter I is selected in the daytime and a time counter II is selected in the evening) is selected through the timing switching button 04, the screw rod drives the material supporting disc and the block fuel to integrally ascend under the driving of the motor, the surface layer fuel is thrown into the hearth under the rotation of the material stirring disc, falls to the shaking fire grate and is ignited by firewood in the ash hopper. The stirring plate supplies materials to the two heating furnaces simultaneously under the rotation action of the screw rod. The fixed carbon contained in the briquette fuel is combusted in the primary combustion chamber, most of volatile components are combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, high-temperature flue gas generated by the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber sequentially flows through the spiral coil and the convection tube bundle for heat exchange, then flows through the baffling labyrinth and the dust-settling filter screen for dust removal, finally, most of the flue gas is discharged into air from a chimney under the suction of a centrifugal draught fan, and a small amount of flue gas (20-30%) flows into the primary combustion chamber in a flue gas circulation pipeline for secondary combustion.
Example 1
The one-driving-two-type household biomass heating equipment (see fig. 2) with the straw briquetting as the fuel and the automatic feeding function comprises a control box 1, heat dissipation holes 2, a motor 3, a coupler 4, a bearing 5, a material stirring disc 6, a screw rod 7, a feeding channel 8, a spiral coil 9, a water outlet 10, a convection tube bundle 11, a flue gas circulating pipeline 12, a centrifugal type draught fan 13, a secondary air supply outlet 14, an even air diversion hole 15, an ash hopper 16, a water inlet 17, a truckle 18, a material supporting disc 19, a spring 20, a rocking handle 21, a rocking grate 22, an air supply hole 23, a water-cooling grate 24, a baffling labyrinth 25, a dust-settling filter screen 26, a chimney 27, a high-efficiency heat exchange chamber 28, a secondary combustion chamber 29, a primary combustion chamber 30 and.
The household biomass heating equipment with one driving two types is integrally in a small shape, the automatic feeding device is arranged in the middle, and the two heating furnaces are arranged on the left side and the right side of the automatic feeding device.
The automatic feeding device adopts the mode of integral push feeding and intermittent blanking, the whole device is in a shape like the Chinese character 'zhong', the middle part of the device adopts a convex structure, and two discharge holes 31 are symmetrically arranged at the convex position in a bilateral mode. The automatic feeding device consists of three parts, including a control box, a rotating mechanism and a fuel tank. The control box and the fuel tank are arranged in an up-and-down structure, the control box is positioned at the upper part, and the fuel tank is positioned at the lower part. Four castors 18 are mounted to the bottom of the magazine. The top of the automatic feeding device is provided with heat dissipation holes which are used for dissipating heat generated by the motor in time. The fuel tank is provided with a convex structure at the position close to the discharge hole, and the starting position and the ending position of the stroke interval of the tray 19 are respectively provided with an upper limit switch and a lower limit switch.
The rotating mechanism comprises a motor 3, a coupler 4, a bearing 5, a material shifting disc 6, a lead screw 7 and a material supporting disc 19. The motor 3 is arranged in the control box, the output shaft of the motor is vertically downward, the output shaft of the motor is connected with a lead screw 7 through a coupler 5, and the other end of the lead screw is arranged in a bearing seat at the bottom of the fuel tank; the lead screw of the fuel tank close to the discharge port 31 is provided with a stirring disc 6, the stirring disc adopts a double-layer structure, the diameter of the upper layer stirring disc is 0.8 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank (the maximum diameter position of the fuel tank is the maximum diameter position of the bulge structure), the length of the stirring blade is 0.35 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the upper layer stirring disc has the function of loosening the fuel on the upper layer of the fuel tank, and the diameter of the upper layer stirring disc is formed by twice the length of the stirring blade and the diameter of the intermediate shaft; the diameter of the lower layer material stirring disc is 0.7 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the length of the material stirring blade is 0.3 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, and the material stirring blade mainly plays a role of stirring the pressed fuel into a hearth. The double-layer structure of the material stirring disc ensures that fuel is thrown into the combustion chamber when the motor rotates every time. The material supporting disc 19 is arranged on the lower portion of the screw rod, the material supporting disc is of a double-layer structure, the upper disc surface and the lower disc surface are connected through a spring, the material supporting disc can move up and down integrally along with rotation of the screw rod, the material supporting disc with the double-layer structure enables certain elastic displacement to exist in the fuel ascending process, bridging or blocking of the fuel is avoided, and the material supporting disc 11 is provided with the bull's eye steel balls at the periphery and has the function of reducing friction resistance between the material supporting disc and the wall surface of the fuel tank.
The shell of the control box (see figure 4) is provided with a motor speed regulator 01, a mode selection button 02, a time counter I03, a timing switching button 04, a time counter II 05, an audible and visual alarm 06, a starting button 07, an ascending button 08, a descending button 09, a continuous ascending button 010 and an emergency stop button 011. The motor speed regulator 01 is used for controlling the rotating speed of a motor, the mode selection button 02 is used for selecting whether the motor is in continuous operation or in intermittent operation, if the intermittent operation is selected, a feeding time interval is selected through the time counter I03 and the time counter II 05, the working condition of the time counter I03 is that the motor works for 2s every 80s, the time counter I03 is mainly used for the high-load condition in the daytime, the working condition of the time counter II 05 is that the motor works for 2s every 100s, the time counter II 05 is mainly used for the low-load condition at night, and the two working conditions are selected to be switched through the time timing switching button 04. When the fuel in the fuel tank does not reach a proper position after charging, the continuous operation can be selected by the mode selection button, and the fuel is quickly lifted to a proper position by the continuous lifting button 010. When feeding is finished and no fuel exists in the fuel tank, the material supporting disc touches the upper limit switch, the motor stops rotating, meanwhile, the audible and visual alarm 06 gives out audible and visual alarm, manual intervention is carried out, the motor rotates reversely after the descending button 09 is pressed, the material supporting disc touches the lower limit switch of the descending stroke when moving to the bottom of the fuel tank, the motor stops rotating, and the next feeding period can be started by pressing the ascending button 08 after manual feeding. The start button 07 is mainly used for zero-voltage protection, when the power supply is powered off or the voltage is seriously reduced, the motor stops rotating, and when the power supply recovers to supply power again or the voltage of the power supply recovers to be normal, the system can normally work by manually pressing the start button 07. The scram button 011 is mainly used for cutting off the power supply when the system has a fault.
Referring to fig. 5, the time counter i and the time counter ii are connected in parallel and then connected with the timing switching button, and then connected in parallel with the continuous rising button 010, and then connected in series with the normally open end of the second relay through the mode switching button, and finally connected to the CW end of the motor controller to control the motor to rotate forward. The CCW end (reverse rotation) of the motor controller is sequentially connected with the normally open end of the third relay and the COM end of the motor controller.
The functional terminals of the control device are connected in a mode of referring to FIG. 6, line numbers are marked from left to right, and are ①, ②, ②, ②, 825, ②, ② and ② in sequence, lines from No. ② to No. ⑧ are connected in parallel and then connected with a first relay normally-open end, then are connected with a No. ② in parallel and then are connected with a live wire after passing through an air circuit breaker, wherein the first relay normally-open end is connected with a starting switch (starting button 07) in parallel in No. ②, then is connected with a first relay coil end, an emergency stop button 011 and a zero line in sequence, the second relay normally-open end is connected with a rising button 08 in parallel in No. ②, then is connected with an upper limit switch normally-closed end, a second relay coil end, a third relay normally-closed end, a zero line in sequence, a ③, a third relay coil end, a third relay normally-closed end, a counter I and a time regulator are connected with a lower limit switch 638, a time regulator, a second relay normally-closed end, a third relay normally-closed end, a counter, a zero line, a counter, a zero line, a.
The heating stove comprises five parts of a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, a chimney and an ash bucket, and a water jacket with the thickness of 50mm is arranged around the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber and the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber. The primary combustion chamber is internally provided with a water-cooling grate and a shaking grate which are combined, so that low-temperature combustion is realized, and the coking phenomenon of a fuel layer is avoided, wherein the water-cooling grate is obliquely arranged at the middle upper part of the primary combustion chamber, the inclination angle is 15 degrees, and the two ends of the water-cooling grate are connected with the circulating water jacket. The rocking fire grate is arranged at the bottom of the primary combustion chamber, and the ratio of the area of the fire grate to the area of the gap is 1: 1. The primary combustion chamber is connected with the secondary combustion chamber through a flame path, and the fixed carbon and the volatile component are combusted in a partition mode under the coupling effect of the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, wherein the fixed carbon is mainly combusted in the primary combustion chamber, and the volatile component is mainly combusted in the secondary combustion chamber. The middle upper part of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a spiral coil, and the water inlet and the water outlet of the spiral coil are respectively connected with the water jackets at the two sides. The arrangement of the spiral coil pipe not only improves the heat exchange area and strengthens the heat exchange, but also strengthens the flow of circulating water in the water jacket. The transverse convection tube bundles are arranged at the upper part and the middle part of the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, so that the heat exchange effect between high-temperature flue gas and the water jacket is enhanced, the exhaust gas temperature is effectively reduced, and the exhaust heat loss is reduced. A baffling labyrinth and a dust-settling filter screen are arranged at the tail flue, wherein the baffling labyrinth is formed by folding a wave-shaped iron plate, and comprises three layers, each layer of wave-shaped iron plate is integrally concave, namely, the side close to the secondary combustion chamber faces the chimney direction, and the height of the iron plate is firstly reduced and then raised; the dust-settling filter screen is arranged above the tail iron plate, a certain distance is reserved between the dust-settling filter screen and the tail iron plate, the dust-settling filter screen is made of an iron wire mesh with the aperture of 20 meshes, and the dust content in the flue gas is effectively reduced under the combined action of the dust-settling filter screen and the iron wire mesh. The outlet of the chimney is positioned at the lower part of the hearth, which is beneficial to the precipitation of dust in the flue gas. A centrifugal induced draft fan is arranged at the outlet of the chimney, so that a certain negative pressure is maintained in the hearth, and a sufficient excess air coefficient is provided for combustion. In addition, the flue gas circulation technology enables part of flue gas to be sent into the primary combustion chamber through the flue gas circulation pipeline for further combustion, and emission of pollutants such as NOx is reduced.
Example 2
The embodiment is suitable for two 100m2The heating heat load of the rural independent building is 20 kW. A one-driving-two household biomass heating device with a straw briquetting as fuel and an automatic feeding function comprises a control box 1, heat dissipation holes 2, a motor 3, a coupler 4, a bearing 5, a material stirring disc 6, a screw rod 7, a feeding channel 8, a spiral coil 9, a water outlet 10, a convection tube bundle 11, a flue gas circulation pipeline 12, a centrifugal draught fan 13, a secondary air supply outlet 14, an even air diversion hole 15, an ash hopper 16, a water inlet 17, trundles 18, a material supporting disc 19, a spring 20, a rocking handle 21, a rocking grate 22, an air supply hole 23, a water-cooling grate 24, a baffling labyrinth 25, a dust-settling filter screen 26, a chimney 27, an efficient heat exchange chamber 28, a secondary combustion chamber 29, a primary combustion chamber 30 and a discharge hole 31.
The control box comprises a motor speed regulator 01, a mode selection button 02, a time counter I03, a timing switching button 04, a time counter II 05, an audible and visual alarm 06, a starting button 07, an ascending button 08, a descending button 09, a continuous ascending button 010 and an emergency stop button 011.
The rated power of the heating equipment in the embodiment is 20kW, and the rated power of each heating stove is 10 kW. The heating stove size is 600mm 400 x 900mm (length x width x height), and the automatic feeding device size is 400 x 1500mm (length x width x height). The power of a motor used by the automatic feeding device is 400W, and the model is 71K400 RA-A; the model of the used time counter is HB 48-II, and the number is 2; the type of the used relays is MY2NJ, and the number of the relays is 3; the model number of the limit switches is WLCA2-2, and the number of the limit switches is 2. The spiral coil pipe in the secondary combustion chamber of the heating stove is a 304 stainless steel pipe, the diameter of the steel pipe is 16mm, the wall thickness is 2mm, the outer diameter of the spiral coil pipe is 140mm, and the length of the spiral coil pipe is 150 mm; the power of the centrifugal induced draft fan at the chimney is 45W, and the model is CY 100-45. The briquette fuel is corn stalk briquette with size of 30mm 70 mm. The feeding time interval of the automatic feeding device is 80s, and the working time of the motor is 2 s. The briquette fuel is ignited by a small amount of firewood in the ash bucket, the centrifugal induced draft fan is started when the flame is in a wheat yellow color, the heating equipment can normally operate, the combustion efficiency is 90% and the comprehensive thermal efficiency is as high as 85% when the heating equipment normally operates.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A one-driving-two household biomass heating device with an automatic feeding function comprises an automatic feeding device, wherein the automatic feeding device comprises a control box, a rotating mechanism and a fuel tank, the control box and the fuel tank are arranged in an up-and-down structure, the control box is positioned at the upper part, the fuel tank is positioned at the lower part, a motor is arranged in the control box, and an upper limit switch and a lower limit switch which limit the stroke of a material supporting disc are arranged on the fuel tank; the heating equipment is characterized by further comprising two heating furnaces, wherein the automatic feeding device is connected with the two heating furnaces through respective feeding channels, and the whole heating equipment is in a small shape.
2. The heating equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic feeding device is formed in a shape of a Chinese character 'zhong', and the automatic feeding device is formed in a convex structure at the outlet of the fuel tank, and the cross-sectional area of the convex structure is 1.3 to 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the lower portion of the fuel tank.
3. The heating equipment according to claim 1, wherein a motor speed regulator, a mode selection button, a time counter I, a timing switching button, a time counter II, an audible and visual alarm, a start button, an up button, a down button, a continuous up button, and an emergency stop button are arranged on the control box shell; the motor speed regulator controls the rotating speed of the motor, the time counter I and the time counter II control the motor to work intermittently, the time counter I is used in a high-load working condition in the daytime, the time counter II is used in a low-load working condition at night, and the two working conditions are switched by the timing switching button I; when the fuel in the fuel tank is used up, the material supporting disc touches the upper limit switch, the motor stops rotating and the audible and visual alarm gives out audible and visual alarm at the same time, the descending button is manually intervened to press the motor to reversely rotate, when the material supporting disc is operated to the bottom of the fuel tank, the lower limit switch is touched, the motor stops rotating, and the next feeding period can be started by pressing the ascending button after manual feeding; the mode selection button is used for controlling the continuous operation and the intermittent operation of the motor; this control box is provided with zero-voltage protection function, and when power outage or voltage seriously reduced promptly, the motor stall, when the power supply resumes to supply power again or mains voltage stabilizes and resumes normally, must the manual work press the start button system just can normally work.
4. Heating installation according to claim 3, characterized in that it operates in a manner that: manually filling straw briquette fuel in a fuel tank, switching on a power supply to start an automatic feeding device, selecting a required time counter through a timing switching button, selecting a time counter I in the daytime and selecting a time counter II at night to realize stable low-flow conveying of the briquette fuel of 2.5-3.5kg/h, driving a material supporting disc and the briquette fuel to integrally ascend by a screw rod under the driving of a motor, throwing surface layer fuel into a hearth under the rotation of a material stirring disc, falling to a shaking grate, and igniting the briquette fuel in an ash hopper by firewood; the stirring plate supplies materials to the two heating furnaces simultaneously under the action of the screw rod, fixed carbon contained in the briquette fuel is combusted in the primary combustion chamber, most of volatile matters are combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, high-temperature flue gas generated by the secondary combustion chamber flows through the spiral coil pipe and the convection pipe bundle in sequence to exchange heat, then flows through the baffling labyrinth and the dust-settling filter screen to remove dust, and finally, most of flue gas is exhausted into air from a chimney under the suction of a centrifugal draught fan, and 20-30% of a small amount of flue gas flows into the primary combustion chamber in the flue gas circulation pipeline to be combusted again.
5. The heating equipment according to claim 3, wherein the motor function terminal is connected in a manner that: connecting a time counter I and a time counter II in parallel, then connecting a timing switching button, then connecting the timing switching button and a continuous rising button in parallel, connecting the timing switching button and a second relay normally-open end in series through a mode switching button, and finally connecting the timing switching button and a CW end of a motor controller to control the motor to rotate forwards; the CCW end of the motor controller is sequentially connected with the normally open end of the third relay and the COM end of the motor controller;
the connection mode of the functional terminals of the control device in the control box is that a live wire passes through an air circuit breaker and then is connected with a ① branch circuit and a first relay normally-open end, seven parallel branch circuits are led out after the first relay normally-open end, and are sequentially marked as ②, ②, ②, ②, ②, 634 and ②, wherein the first relay normally-open end is connected with a starting button in parallel in a ① wire and then is sequentially connected with a first relay coil end, an emergency stop button and a zero line, the second relay normally-open end is connected with an ascending button in parallel in a ② wire and then is sequentially connected with an upper limit switch normally-closed end, a second relay coil end, a third relay normally-closed end and a zero line, the third relay coil end and the zero line are connected in parallel in a ③ wire and then are sequentially connected with a lower limit switch normally-closed end, the third relay coil end, the second relay normally-closed end and the zero line, a ④ wire is respectively connected with an upper limit switch, a lower switch, then is connected in parallel, and then is connected with a No. 8945, a time counter, an audible and a ⑦ time governor are respectively connected with an audible and a second motor.
6. The heating equipment according to claim 1, wherein the rotating mechanism comprises a material stirring plate, a lead screw and a material supporting plate; the material stirring disc adopts a double-layer material stirring blade structure, the length of the upper layer material stirring blade is 0.35 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, the length of the lower layer material stirring blade is 0.3 times of the maximum diameter of the fuel tank, and the material stirring blades are fastened on the lead screw through screws; the material supporting disc adopts a double-layer structure, and the middle parts of the material supporting disc are connected by a spring; a stepping nut is welded at the central position of the material supporting disc, and the material supporting disc and the fuel are driven to ascend step by step under the rotation of the screw rod; and bull's eye steel balls are fixed on the periphery of the material supporting plate.
7. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein the heating stove comprises a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a high efficiency heat exchange chamber, a chimney and an ash hopper; a double-grate structure of a water-cooling grate and a rocking grate is adopted in the primary combustion chamber, the water-cooling grate is obliquely arranged at the middle upper part of the primary combustion chamber, the inclination angle is 15 degrees, and two ends of the water-cooling grate are communicated with the circulating water jacket; the rocking grate is arranged at the lower part of the primary combustion chamber, the rocking grate is connected with the rocking handle through an outward extending connecting rod, and an air supply hole is arranged on the primary combustion chamber between the rocking grate and the water-cooling grate;
the middle upper part of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a spiral coil, and two ends of the spiral coil are connected with the circulating water jackets at two sides; the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with an air-homogenizing diversion hole, and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a secondary air supply hole;
convection tube bundles are transversely arranged in the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, a deflection labyrinth is arranged at the bottom of the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, a dust-settling filter screen is arranged behind the deflection labyrinth, a centrifugal induced draft fan is arranged behind the dust-settling filter screen, an air outlet of the induced draft fan is connected with a chimney, and partial flue gas in the chimney is delivered to a primary combustion chamber for secondary combustion through an air supply hole under the action of a flue gas circulating pipeline; one side that a combustion chamber is close to the fuel tank is provided with the water inlet, sets up the delivery port on the lateral wall of keeping away from the fuel tank of high-efficient heat transfer room, and the water inlet is close to the below of heating stove, and the delivery port is located the top of heating stove.
8. The heating equipment according to claim 7, wherein the transverse convection tube bundles are arranged at the upper part and the middle part of the high-efficiency heat exchange chamber, the baffle labyrinth is formed by folding wave-shaped iron plates, the three layers are formed, and the wave-shaped iron plates at each layer are in a concave shape integrally.
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| CN113669773A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | 刘意 | Heating power pipe network heat exchange system |
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