CN111156017A

CN111156017A - Carry on supplementary broken TBM blade disc of rock of PDC drill bit

Info

Publication number: CN111156017A
Application number: CN202010065751.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张金良; 汪雪英; 杨晓箐
Original assignee: Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-20
Filing date: 2020-01-20
Publication date: 2020-05-15

Abstract

The invention provides a TBM cutter head carrying a PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking, which comprises a cutter head main body, a hobbing cutter group, a slag collecting hopper, a plurality of auxiliary drill bits and a water supply device, wherein the hobbing cutter group comprises a plurality of hobbing cutter heads fixedly arranged on the cutter head main body, the slag collecting hopper is arranged in a hobbing cutter head gap at the periphery of the cutter head main body, the auxiliary drill bits are arranged in a plurality in number and are all embedded in the surface of the cutter head main body in a concave mode, each auxiliary drill bit comprises a PDC drill bit, a connecting base, an angle adjusting device and a motor, the water supply device is used for providing a cooling water source for cutting rocks by the cutter head main body, the water supply device comprises a water supply pump arranged in an external water source, first water nozzles uniformly arranged at gaps on the cutter head. In a word, the invention has the advantages of novel structure, safety, high efficiency, low maintenance cost and the like.

Description

Carry on supplementary broken TBM blade disc of rock of PDC drill bit

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and particularly relates to a TBM cutter head carrying a PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking.

Background

In the current diversion and water transfer projects across watershed and regions, a long tunnel (such as the tunnel length exceeding 200km in the south-to-north water diversion west line project in China) is often the first choice of a diversion (water delivery) structure of the project, and TBM construction is preferably adopted to improve the tunnel construction speed and shorten the project duration under the condition of terrain and geological condition limitation. The traditional TBM only adopts the thrust provided by a main thrust oil cylinder to enable a hob to penetrate into rock, and the hob passively rolls along with the movement of a cutter head and cuts, extrudes and crushes the rock, so that tunneling and excavation of a tunnel are realized. According to the statistics of the existing engineering data, the average monthly footage of the traditional TBM construction is 500 mm. However, when the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock exceeds 120MPa, the penetration of the TBM is extremely low and the cutter is severely worn, so that the high efficiency of the TBM cannot be sufficiently exerted, and the construction efficiency of the TBM is seriously reduced.

The PDC drill bit rock breaking technology is mature and widely applied to the rapid drilling technology in the petroleum industry, and the PDC drill bit has replaced 70-80% of roller bit by the PDC drill bit in the early period of this century, so that the PDC drill bit becomes the main drill bit for petroleum drilling in China. Through absorbing, borrowing for reference the broken rock technique of PDC drill bit of trades such as oil, carry on the PDC drill bit to traditional TBM blade disc, form the supplementary TBM who breaks rock of PDC drill bit.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a TBM cutter head carrying a PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a TBM cutter head carrying a PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking mainly comprises a cutter head main body, a hobbing cutter group, a slag collecting hopper, an auxiliary drill bit and a water supply device,

the hobbing cutter group comprises a plurality of hobbing cutters which are arranged on the cutter head main body in a staggered manner, the cutter head main body drives the hobbing cutters to cut rocks in the rotating process, the running tracks of the hobbing cutters respectively fall on concentric circles taking the center of the cutter head main body as the circle center, and the connecting tracks of the hobbing cutters of each group from inside to outside form an approximate spiral shape,

the slag collecting hopper is arranged in the clearance of the hobbing cutter head at the periphery of the cutter head main body, the slag outlet of the slag collecting hopper is connected with a slag discharging machine and is used for sending rock slag peeled off by the hobbing cutter group out of the tunnel,

the auxiliary drill bits are a plurality of and are all embedded on the surface of the cutter head main body in a concave manner, the auxiliary drill bits comprise PDC drill bits for assisting in cutting rocks, a connecting base for movably connecting the PDC drill bits with the cutter head main body, an angle adjusting device fixedly connected with the connecting base and used for adjusting the angle of the PDC drill bits and a motor for providing power for the PDC drill bits to cut the rocks,

the water supply device is used for providing a cooling water source for the cutting rocks of the cutter head main body, the water supply device comprises a water supply pump arranged in an external water source, first water spray nozzles uniformly arranged at the upper gap of the cutter head main body and second water spray nozzles respectively arranged on the surface of the PDC drill bit, and the first water spray nozzles and the second water spray nozzles are respectively connected with the water supply pump through a water supply manifold.

Preferably, the number of the hob heads on the same operation trajectory line of the hob group is 2-8, so that the condition that the whole cutterhead needs to be stopped and maintained due to damage of the hob heads on the same trajectory line is avoided.

Furthermore, the auxiliary drill bits are located on the running track of the hob head, the auxiliary drill bits on the same track line are located at the front end of the running direction of the hob head, the auxiliary drill bits pre-cut rock on the face in advance in the running process, and then the hob head cuts and crushes the rock, so that the rock breaking efficiency is improved, and the service life of the TBM cutterhead is greatly prolonged.

Preferably, the PDC bit employs composite blade cutting teeth.

Further, connection base including inside be equipped with the caulking groove be used for with the spliced pole that the PDC drill bit is connected, the spliced pole is through pivot and blade disc main part swing joint, the spliced pole outside be equipped with the seat soon that angle adjusting device passes through gear interlock connection, revolve seat and pivot fixed connection.

Furthermore, the angle adjusting device adjusts the angle adjusting range of the PDC drill bit to be 1-90 degrees with the included angle of the cutter head main body, and different construction conditions are met.

Furthermore, the water supply manifold is connected with the water supply pump through a flange bearing, and the flange bearing can enable the water supply manifold to rotate synchronously along with the cutter head body when the cutter head body rotates, so that the water supply manifold is prevented from being twisted off.

The construction method of the TBM cutter head comprises the following steps:

s1: sampling the rock of the face to be cut and crushed, detecting and analyzing the composition and the hardness of the rock of the face, and adjusting the rotation angle of the auxiliary drill bit according to the detection parameters to ensure that the auxiliary drill bit can pre-cut the rock of the face to a maximum depth to form a groove and cannot damage the rock of the face due to overlarge bearing force in the cutting process because of overlarge angle;

s2: the rotary cutter head body and the motor are synchronously started, when the cutter head body rotates, the hob head and the PDC drill bit synchronously rotate, the PDC drill bit automatically rotates under the driving of the motor, and the cutting and crushing of rock on the face surface into grooves are realized in advance;

s3: along with the rotation and the propulsion of the cutter head body, the hob head is pressed into the face rock which is cut into grooves or micro cracks by the PDC drill bit, and the rock is cut, extruded and crushed, and the water supply device continuously sprays water to the cutting surface of the face rock;

s4: rock on the tunnel face is peeled off from the rock body under the joint cutting and extruding action of the PDC drill bit and the hobbing cutter head, and rock slag enters the slag collecting hopper and then is sent out of the tunnel through the slag discharging machine.

Further, the rotation speed of the PDC drill bit in the S2 is 150-min at the initial cutting, then the rotation speed is increased to 3000-r/min at the speed of 100-r/min, the PDC drill bit is preheated and buffered at the initial cutting until the operation is stable, and then the high-speed cutting is carried out, so that the service life of the PDC drill bit is prolonged.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the TBM cutter head carrying the PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking, the PDC drill bit is arranged at the position, on the same trajectory line of the roller cutter head on the traditional cutter head, where the operation of the roller cutter head is not influenced, the roller cutter head on the cutter head is firstly subjected to primary cutting and crushing to form a groove by high-speed autorotation of the PDC drill bit before rock cutting is carried out on the roller cutter head on the cutter head, and then the roller cutter head is cut in the rock body with the groove or micro-cracks along the PDC drill bit, so that tunnel excavation is rapidly carried out, meanwhile, abrasion of rocks to a roller cutter is reduced, the excavation efficiency of the TBM cutter head is improved, the service life of a disc cutter is prolonged, meanwhile, the auxiliary drill bit is the PDC drill bit with an adjustable angle, the requirement for angle change of the PDC drill bit under different construction conditions can be met, and the water nozzle II is independently. In a word, the invention has the advantages of novel structure, safety, high efficiency, low maintenance cost and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

figure 2 is a schematic view of the cutterhead body of the present invention.

The automatic cutting machine comprises a cutter head body 1, a hob group 2, a hob head 21, a slag collecting hopper 3, an auxiliary drill bit 4, a PDC drill bit 41, a connecting base 42, an embedding groove 421, a connecting column 422, a rotating shaft 423, a rotating seat 424, an angle adjusting device 43, a motor 44, a water supply device 5, a water supply pump 51, a water spray nozzle I52 and a water spray nozzle II 53.

Detailed Description

For the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description is further illustrated with reference to fig. 1-2 and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-2, a TBM cutterhead carrying PDC bits for assisting in rock breaking mainly comprises a cutterhead main body 1, a hob group 2, a slag collecting hopper 3, an auxiliary bit 4 and a water supply device 5,

the hob group 2 comprises a plurality of hob heads 21 which are arranged on the cutterhead main body 1 in a staggered manner, the cutterhead main body 1 drives the hob heads 21 to cut rocks in the rotating process, the running tracks of the hob heads 21 respectively fall on each concentric circle which takes the center of the cutterhead main body 1 as the circle center, the connecting tracks of the groups of hob heads 21 from inside to outside form an approximate spiral shape, 2 to 8 hob heads 21 on the same running track of the hob group 2,

the slag collecting hopper 3 is arranged in the clearance of the hob head 21 at the periphery of the cutter head main body 1, the slag outlet of the slag collecting hopper 3 is connected with a slag discharging machine and is used for sending rock slag peeled off by the hob group 2 out of the tunnel,

the auxiliary drills 4 are all a plurality and are concavely embedded on the surface of the cutter head main body 1, the positions of the auxiliary drills 4 are all positioned on the running track of the hobbing head 21, the auxiliary drills 4 on the same track line are positioned at the front end of the running direction of the hobbing head 21,

the auxiliary drill bit 4 includes a PDC bit 41 for assisting in cutting rock, the PDC bit 41 employing composite-blade type cutting teeth,

the connecting base 42 movably connects the PDC drill bit 41 with the cutter head body 1, the connecting base 42 comprises a connecting post 422 with a caulking groove 421 for connecting with the PDC drill bit 41, the connecting post 422 is movably connected with the cutter head body 1 through a rotating shaft 423, a rotary seat 424 connected with an angle adjusting device 43 through gear engagement is arranged at the outer side of the connecting post 422, the rotary seat 424 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 423, the angle adjusting device 43 drives the gear to rotate to adjust the rotating angle of the PDC drill bit,

an angle adjusting device 43 which is fixedly connected with the connecting base 42 and is used for adjusting the angle of the PDC drill bit 41 and a motor 44 which provides power for the PDC drill bit 41 to cut rocks, the angle adjusting range of the angle adjusting device 43 is 1-90 degrees relative to the cutter head body 1,

the water supply device 5 is used for providing a cooling water source for the cutting rocks of the cutter head body 1, the water supply device 5 comprises a water supply pump 51 arranged in an external water source, first water spray nozzles 52 uniformly arranged at the gap on the cutter head body 1, and second water spray nozzles 53 respectively arranged on the surface of the PDC drill bit 41, the first water spray nozzles 52 and the second water spray nozzles 53 are respectively connected with the water supply pump 51 through a water supply manifold, the water supply manifold is connected with the water supply pump 51 through a flange bearing,

the angle adjusting device 43 is a BM-R cycloid hydraulic motor, the motor 44 is a TMPE series high-speed motor, and the water supply pump 51 is a QDL vertical pressurizing water pump.

The construction method of the TBM cutter head carrying the PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking comprises the following steps:

s1: sampling the rock of the face to be cut and crushed, detecting and analyzing the composition and the hardness of the rock of the face, and adjusting the rotation angle of the auxiliary drill bit 4 according to the detection parameters to ensure that the auxiliary drill bit 4 can not only pre-cut the rock of the face to a groove at the maximum depth, but also cannot damage the rock of the face due to overlarge bearing force in the cutting process because of overlarge angle;

s2: the rotary cutter head body 1 and the motor 44 are synchronously started, when the cutter head body 1 rotates, the hobbing cutter head 21 and the PDC drill bit 41 rotate synchronously, the PDC drill bit 41 rotates under the driving of the motor 44 to cut and crush rock on the face into grooves in advance, the rotating speed of the PDC drill bit 41 during initial cutting is 150r/min, and then the rotating speed is increased to 3000r/min at the speed of 100 r/min. (ii) a

S3: with the rotation and the propulsion of the cutter head body 1, the hob head 21 is pressed into the face rock which is cut into grooves or micro-cracks by the PDC drill bit 41, and cuts, extrudes and crushes the rock, and the water supply device 5 continuously sprays water to the cutting surface of the face rock;

s4: the rock on the face falls off the rock under the joint cutting and extrusion action of the PDC drill bit 41 and the hob head 21, and rock slag enters the slag collecting hopper 3 and then is sent out of the tunnel through the slag discharging machine.

Example 2: the same as example 1 except that: the auxiliary drill bit 4 is vertically fixed with the surface of the cutter head body 1, and the PDC drill bit 41 protrudes out of the cutter head body 1 and exceeds the same-track hobbing head 21 by 8 mm.

Experimental example: three tunnels under construction are respectively selected, the TBM cutterheads of the three tunnels are respectively replaced by the TBM cutterheads provided by the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, and the results are respectively as follows:

a first tunnel: the hardness f of the rock on the tunnel face of the tunnel I is 5.3,

an included angle between an auxiliary drill bit of the TBM cutterhead and the cutterhead body in the embodiment 1 is 78 degrees, the auxiliary drill bit of the TBM cutterhead in the embodiment 2 is perpendicular to the cutterhead body by 90 degrees, the TBM cutterheads provided by the embodiments 1 and 2 can be stably constructed, but the construction propelling speed of the TBM cutterhead provided by the embodiment 1 is higher than that of the TBM cutterhead provided by the embodiment 2;

and (5) tunnel II: the rock hardness f of the tunnel face of the tunnel II is 16.8,

the TBM cutterhead provided by the embodiment 1 adjusts the PDC drill bit to form an included angle of 38 degrees with the cutterhead main body, the construction process is stable, the auxiliary drill bit is not damaged,

the TBM cutterhead provided by the embodiment 2 has the advantages that the angle of the auxiliary drill bit cannot be adjusted, and the auxiliary drill bit is perpendicular to the cutterhead body by 90 degrees, so that the construction propelling process is slow, and the auxiliary drill bit is damaged;

and (3) tunnel III: the hardness of the rock layer on the tunnel face III is unstable, the hardness f fluctuates between 5.1 and 18.0,

the TBM cutterhead provided by the embodiment 1 can adjust the angle of the auxiliary drill bit in the construction propelling process so as to adapt to the cutting force of rocks with different hardness,

the TBM cutter head provided by the embodiment 2 is stably propelled in the rock stratum with lower hardness, but when the TBM cutter head is propelled to the rock stratum with higher hardness, the propelling speed is slowed down, the auxiliary drill bit is damaged, the auxiliary drill bit needs to be stopped for maintenance and adjustment, and the construction progress is greatly influenced.

And (4) conclusion: the TBM cutter head provided by the embodiment 1 can adjust the angle of the auxiliary drill bit in the operation process of the cutter head to meet the construction propulsion under different construction conditions, does not need to be stopped for maintenance and adjustment, and accelerates the construction speed.

Claims

1. A TBM cutterhead carrying PDC drill bits for assisting in rock breaking is characterized by mainly comprising a cutterhead main body (1), a hobbing cutter group (2), a slag collecting hopper (3), an auxiliary drill bit (4) and a water supply device (5),

the hobbing cutter group (2) comprises a plurality of hobbing cutter heads (21) which are arranged on the cutter head main body (1) in a staggered manner, the cutter head main body (1) drives the hobbing cutter heads (21) to cut rocks in the rotating process, the running tracks of the hobbing cutter heads (21) respectively fall on each concentric circle which takes the center of the cutter head main body (1) as the circle center, and the connecting tracks of the hobbing cutter heads (21) from inside to outside form approximate heliciform shapes,

the slag collecting hopper (3) is arranged in the gap of the hobbing cutter head (21) at the periphery of the cutter head main body (1), the slag outlet of the slag collecting hopper (3) is connected with a slag discharging machine and used for sending rock slag peeled off by the hobbing cutter group (2) out of the tunnel,

the auxiliary drill bits (4) are a plurality of in total and are all arranged on the surface of the cutter head body (1) in a concave embedded manner, the auxiliary drill bits (4) comprise PDC drill bits (41) for assisting in cutting rocks, a connecting base (42) for movably connecting the PDC drill bits (41) with the cutter head body (1), an angle adjusting device (43) fixedly connected with the connecting base (42) and used for adjusting the angle of the PDC drill bits (41) and a motor (44) for providing power for the PDC drill bits (41) to cut the rocks,

water supply installation (5) are used for providing cooling water source for cutter head main part (1) cutting rock, and water supply installation (5) evenly set up water spray nozzle (52) of clearance department on cutter head main part (1) including setting up working shaft (51) in external water source, set up water spray nozzle two (53) on PDC drill bit (41) surface respectively, water spray nozzle one (52), water spray nozzle two (53) respectively through water supply manifold with working shaft (51) are connected.

2. The TBM cutterhead carrying PDC bits to assist in rock breaking according to claim 1, wherein the number of the hobbing cutter heads (21) on the same running track of the hobbing cutter group (2) is 2-8.

3. The TBM cutterhead carrying PDC bits for assisting in rock breaking is characterized in that the positions of the auxiliary bits (4) are all located on the running track of the hobbing head (21), and the auxiliary bit (4) on the same track line is located at the front end of the hobbing head (21) in the running direction.

4. The TBM cutterhead carrying a PDC bit to assist in rock breaking as in claim 1, wherein the PDC bit (41) employs composite blade cutters.

5. The TBM blade disc of supplementary broken rock of PDC drill bit of carrying on of claim 1, characterized in that, connection base (42) including inside be equipped with caulking groove (421) be used for with spliced pole (422) that PDC drill bit (41) are connected, spliced pole (422) through pivot (423) and blade disc main part (1) swing joint, spliced pole (422) outside be equipped with seat (424) soon that angle adjusting device (43) are connected through the gear interlock, seat (424) soon and pivot (423) fixed connection.

6. The TBM cutterhead with PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking according to claim 1, wherein the angle adjusting device (43) adjusts the angle of the PDC drill bit (41) within the range of 1-90 degrees with respect to the cutterhead body (1).

7. The TBM cutterhead carrying PDC bits for assisting in rock breaking according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary bit (4) on the same trajectory is located at the front end of the roller bit (21) in the running direction.

8. The TBM cutterhead carrying the PDC drill bit for assisting in rock breaking according to claim 1, wherein the construction method of the TBM cutterhead comprises the following steps:

s1: sampling the rock of the face to be cut and crushed, detecting and analyzing the composition and the hardness of the rock of the face, and adjusting the rotation angle of the auxiliary drill bit (4) according to the detection parameters to ensure that the auxiliary drill bit (4) can not only pre-cut the rock of the face to a groove in the maximum depth, but also cannot damage the rock of the face due to overlarge bearing force in the cutting process because of overlarge angle;

s2: the rotary cutter head main body (1) and the motor (44) are synchronously started, when the cutter head main body (1) rotates, the hobbing cutter head (21) and the PDC drill bit (41) synchronously rotate, the PDC drill bit (41) rotates under the driving of the motor (44), and the cutting and crushing of rock on the face into grooves are realized in advance;

s3: along with the rotation and the propulsion of the cutter head main body (1), the hobbing cutter head (21) is pressed into the face rock which is cut into grooves or micro cracks by the PDC drill bit (41), and cuts, extrudes and crushes the rock, and the water supply device (5) continuously sprays water to the cutting surface of the face rock;

s4: rock on the face is peeled off from the rock under the joint cutting and extrusion action of the PDC drill bit (41) and the hob head (21), and rock slag enters the slag collecting hopper (3) and then is sent out of the tunnel through the slag discharging machine.

9. The TBM cutterhead with PDC bits for assisting in rock breaking according to claim 8, wherein the PDC bits (41) in the S2 are rotated at a speed of 100-.