CN111155925A - Vertical shaft type drilling process for uranium deposit in steep dry clastic rock stratum and application - Google Patents
Vertical shaft type drilling process for uranium deposit in steep dry clastic rock stratum and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111155925A CN111155925A CN201910659647.8A CN201910659647A CN111155925A CN 111155925 A CN111155925 A CN 111155925A CN 201910659647 A CN201910659647 A CN 201910659647A CN 111155925 A CN111155925 A CN 111155925A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
- E21B25/02—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors the core receiver being insertable into, or removable from, the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical shaft type drilling process and application of a uranium mine in a steep drainage clastic rock stratum, wherein a vertical shaft type drilling machine is matched with a rope coring drilling process, and drilling engineering parameters are subjected to feasibility dynamic optimization through combination of drilling tools; the method comprises the following steps: adjusting a drilling process according to the area of the drilling project where the stratum is actually drilled; adjusting the drilling tool assembly according to the hardness degree of the rock; and adjusting drilling parameters according to the difference of the formation depth and the diagenesis degree, and performing feasible dynamic optimization of drilling engineering parameters, including dynamic optimization of rotating speed, drilling pressure and pump capacity. The drilling process provided by the invention is practical, the drilling performance is stable, the operation controllability is strong, the drilling risk is greatly reduced, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral resource exploration, relates to a field drilling construction technology, and particularly relates to a novel vertical shaft type drilling process in uranium mine exploration of a steep drainage clastic rock stratum and application thereof.
Background
Uranium ore drilling is a relatively mature set of drilling processes. However, for different investigation areas to drill the stratum, the practical methods are different, and the technical problems are different.
Drilling plays a crucial role in uranium mine exploration as one of important exploration measures. However, with the existing drilling technology, a series of problems such as hole wall block falling, collapse, hole shrinkage, mud leakage and the like easily occur in the drilling process, and these adverse factors undoubtedly increase the rejection rate of the drilled hole, so that the exploration work is difficult to advance and develop smoothly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a vertical shaft type drilling series (named XY type in original geological mineral department) + combined drilling process + rope coring process in the uranium mine exploration of a steep dry clastic rock stratum, and a series of problems of hole wall collapse, block falling, diameter shrinkage, mud leakage and the like in the drilling process can be solved to the maximum extent by matching with the dynamic optimization of drill floor parameters. Practice shows that: the new drilling process provided by the invention is adopted for the stratum of a certain uranium mine area, the drilling construction requirement of the area can be met, the drilling timeliness is improved, the drilling deviation control is improved, and the rejection rate of core drilling of a hard rock deep well is greatly reduced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a novel vertical shaft type drilling process in uranium mine exploration of a steep drainage clastic rock stratum, which is different from a power type drilling machine and a rotating disc type drilling machine, and the novel vertical shaft type drilling process is characterized in that the core drilling process is realized by matching the vertical shaft type drilling machine with a rope, on the basis, the feasibility dynamic optimization is carried out on drilling engineering parameters through drilling tool combination, a set of practical novel drilling process which has more stable drilling performance, stronger operation controllability and greatly reduced drilling risk is formed, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the novel vertical shaft type drilling process specifically comprises the following steps:
1) adjusting the drilling process according to the actual drilling stratum in the area of the drilling project
In order to ensure the safety of drilling and improve the efficiency, five strata of a fourth series, a third series, a chalk series, a Jurassic series and a third superposed series are drilled and encountered in sequence from shallow to deep in combination with actual drilling strata in an area where a drilling project is located. 0 m-5 m is the fourth series loose accumulation; 5 m-350 m are sedimentary rhythm interbedded layers of mudstone, siltstone, fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel-containing coarse sandstone; siltstone, fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel-containing coarse sandstone with a thickness of more than 350m are deposited with rhythm interbedded coal seams. In order to make anti-deviation measures, the shallow part (0 m-150 m) of the drilled hole is drilled by adopting a vertical shaft type low-pressure drilling method, the deep part (more than 150m) of the drilled hole is drilled by adopting a vertical shaft type reduced-pressure drilling method, and meanwhile, the construction is carried out by matching with a rope coring technology.
2) Adjusting the drilling tool assembly according to the hardness of the rock
On the premise of selecting a vertical shaft type drilling machine, the fourth loose covering layer in the area is drilled by adopting a V-shaped or gear-shaped polycrystalline composite sheet drill bit with large diamond particles through wire coring, and the drill bit matrix has high hardness and is suitable for being applied to under-compacted soft-hard staggered unstable strata.
Under the premise of selecting a vertical shaft type drilling machine, harder rock stratums (higher stratum compaction degree, better lithogenesis, higher stratum hardness and higher drilling difficulty outside a unconsolidated layer) in the area are drilled by adopting a gear-shaped diamond-impregnated bit rope coring process with large mixed mesh number, and the bit matrix has lower hardness and is suitable for being used in more stable hard rock stratums.
3) According to the difference of the depth of the stratum and the diagenesis degree, drilling parameters are adjusted:
① rotating speed, the fourth series covering layer is 75 r/min-150 r/min, the harder rock layer is 300 r/min-700 r/min;
② weight on bit, 3000 kN-6000 kN for the fourth series overburden, 6000 kN-12000 kN for the harder rock formation;
③ pump capacity of 35-85L/min, and the lower limit value is adopted on the premise of meeting the requirements of rock debris removal and drill bit cooling.
Aiming at the feasible drilling process of the uranium mine project, the technical parameters in the step 1) comprise: the shallow hole (0-150m) adopts vertical shaft type low pressure drilling; the deep space (more than 150m) adopts a vertical shaft type pressure reduction drilling, and simultaneously, the two conditions are matched with a rope coring technology; the method is suitable for five stratums including the fourth line, the third line, the chalk line, the dwarfism line and the third overlapping line of the stratums of Zhongsheng-Xinsheng, and the coal seams which can be drilled and met are more than 350 m.
The process of the invention adopts a vertical shaft type drilling machine for installation, and the installation angle can be 75 degrees and 80 degrees; the core drilling is carried out by adopting the wire line, the core is taken from the ground surface, the combined core obtaining rate of the process is high, and the adjustment and the operation of various parameters are safe and easy. In the present invention, the drilling tool assembly and drilling parameters for drilling include: the drilling process includes drilling with vertical shaft drilling machine and wire coring, and the drilling parameters include bit pressure, drilling speed and pumping amount.
The technical parameters in the step 1) comprise that low-pressure drilling is adopted for a shallow part (0-150m) of a drilled hole, and reduced-pressure drilling is adopted after a deep part (more than 150m) of the drilled hole. And 2) adopting V-shaped or gear-shaped polycrystalline compact bits with larger diamond particles in the fourth series covering layer according to the technical parameters. And 2) adopting a tooth-shaped diamond-impregnated bit rope coring drilling process on a relatively stable sandstone layer. And 3) the technical parameters including the rotating speed parameters are as follows: a fourth series of cover layers: 75 r/min-150 r/min; harder rock formations: 300 r/min-700 r/min. And 3) the technical parameters comprise the following weight on bit parameters: a fourth series of cover layers: 3000 kN-6000 kN; harder rock formations: 6000 kN-12000 kN.
In the circulation process of drilling mud, the constantly flowing liquid mud can cool the drill bit in the construction process in real time to prevent the drill bit from being damaged by construction high temperature, and the function is called as cooling the drill bit; (2) along with the continuous drilling of the drill hole, broken rock debris and dust are continuously generated, impurities in the part of the hole need to be carried to the ground by virtue of circularly flowing slurry to be separated, and then the slurry after dust separation is circularly injected into the hole. And 3) the technical parameters comprise pump capacity parameters: 35L/min-85L/min; the lower limit is used on the premise of meeting the requirements of debris removal and drill bit cooling in the drilling mud circulation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a new drilling process in uranium mine exploration of a steep dry clastic rock stratum and application thereof. The specific implementation shows that: the new drilling process provided by the invention is adopted for the stratum of a certain uranium mine area, the drilling construction requirement of the area can be met, the drilling timeliness is improved, the drilling deviation control is improved, and the rejection rate of core drilling of a hard rock deep well is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a mechanical core drilling construction drilling process flow.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described by way of examples, without in any way limiting the scope of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a novel vertical shaft type drilling process in uranium mine exploration of a steep drainage clastic rock stratum, which is characterized in that a vertical shaft type drilling machine is matched with a rope core drilling process, and on the basis, the feasibility and the dynamic optimization of drilling engineering parameters are matched by a drilling tool assembly, so that a practical drilling process with stable drilling performance, stronger operation controllability, greatly reduced drilling risk and greatly improved construction efficiency is formed.
In the following embodiment, in the mechanical core drilling construction process, proper drilling and mud parameters are used, so that the technical problems of hole leakage, deviation, hole collapse and the like in the sawapu ziuranium mine drilling construction process are well solved, and the drilling construction is ensured to be carried out smoothly and efficiently.
1. Drilling process research and application
1.1 investigation of drilling Process
The method has the advantages of large workload, short construction period and high required quality, and mainly aims at mining exploration. To improve the construction speed and quality, the intermediate links are compressed at first, the rock (ore) core sampling rate is improved, the drilling flexibility and the pore diameter parameters are ensured, and the stability of the drilling pore wall is ensured.
1.11 adopting a polycrystalline compact bit drilling process on the fourth series of sedimentary layers, drilling until the depth of the sedimentary rock enters a stable sedimentary rock reaches 1.0-3.0 m, and adopting a tooth-shaped diamond-impregnated bit drilling process after the sedimentary rock enters a surface sleeve isolation loose layer.
1.12 in the broken stratum, in order to guarantee the core sampling rate of the rock, a bottom-spraying drill bit or a forepoling drilling process is adopted.
1.13 to ensure the safety of drilling and improve the efficiency, V-shaped slot drill bits or gear type drill bits with higher matrix hardness and large diamond particles are selected from soft rock and medium hard rock layers. And (3) drilling in hard rock by selecting a gear-shaped diamond-impregnated bit with low matrix hardness and large mixed mesh number.
1.14 drilling parameters
⑴, rotating speed is 75 r/min-150 r/min for the surface covering layer and 300 r/min-700 r/min for the underground rock stratum;
⑵, the drilling pressure is 3000 kN-6000 kN of surface covering layer and 6000 kN-12000 kN of underground rock stratum;
⑶, the pump capacity is 35L/min-85L/min, and the smaller value is adopted on the premise of meeting the requirements of rock debris removal and drill bit cooling.
1.2 applications of the drilling Process
1.21 core sampling Rate
(1) Drilling to a loose and broken layer section, reducing the clearance (less than or equal to 2 mm) of an inner pipe of the drilling tool, drilling by using a bottom-spraying drill bit or an advanced pipe, controlling drilling parameters, and reducing mechanical disturbance of the drill bit to a rock core by adopting light pressure slow rotation; the pump capacity is controlled, and on the premise of meeting the requirements of discharging powder and carrying slag, a smaller pump capacity is used as much as possible, so that the erosion effect of slurry on the core of the rock is reduced, and the core sampling rate is improved.
(2) When the drill bit is drilled into a mineral layer, a coal bed and a loose broken layer, the drill bit is drilled in a small time, the time footage is controlled to be 30-50 cm, the drill bit is strictly prevented from moving up and down to forcibly footage, the mechanical abrasion of the drill bit on the rock and ore core is reduced, and the rock and ore core sampling rate is ensured.
(3) The core of the rock is required to be taken in time and standard every time, the core tube is knocked and tapped slowly by adopting a rubber hammer, the core tube and the ground form a small-angle inclined shape, and the distance between the tube opening and the core box cannot be overlarge. And cleaning the taken out rock core in time, and arranging, boxing, numbering and recording in sequence.
1.22 borehole trajectory control
In order to strictly control the drilling track, the drilling inclination measurement is carried out by using an antimagnetic inclinometer. The stratum attitude of the mining area is steep, the soft and hard change is frequent, and the phenomena of block falling, hole wall collapse and the like are easy to occur in the drilling process, so that the situation of overlarge deviation of the drilled hole is easy to occur in the drilling process.
Aiming at the above situation, the measurement needs to be encrypted, and the drilling deviation situation can be mastered in time. When the deviation of the drilled hole is too large, measures should be taken in time to correct the deviation, and the bending error of the drilled hole is ensured to meet the design requirement. The process for preventing deflection specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the machine station site is smooth and the equipment installation work is the most basic link for controlling the drilling curvature, and the machine station site is stable and firm, so that the settlement and the collapse are avoided in the construction process; the equipment installation needs to be perfect and stable, the setting of the guy rope of the drilling tower (frame) needs to be scientific and effective, and the drilling machine is ensured to keep the original installation state in the construction process without displacement and deflection.
(2) Drill pipe and tool type selection: selecting a drill rod with good rigidity and strong righting performance; the drill rod string is matched with a drilling tool and a drill bit matched with the grade difference of the drill rod, so that the drill rod string is good in rigidity and not easy to deflect in the drilling process, and the possibility of overlarge drilling deflection is eliminated and reduced from the source.
(3) And when the hole is opened and the diameter is changed, the low bit pressure and the low rotating speed are adopted, namely the low-pressure slow rotation is adopted, so that the drilled holes of the opened hole section and the diameter-changing hole section are ensured to be straight, and the direction and the inclination angle meet the requirements. When the sleeve is installed, the sleeve is firstly connected and fixed with a vertical shaft of a drilling machine, and after the periphery of the sleeve is firmly filled and fixed, the vertical shaft is detached to ensure that an orifice is centered.
(4) And drilling diameter changing needs to be carried out step by step, and if step-by-step diameter changing needs to be carried out, step-by-step hole leading measures need to be adopted during drilling.
(5) Scientifically designing a drilling structure, reasonably selecting and matching a drill bit, a drilling tool and a drill rod, and selecting a reasonably suitable annular drilling gap. During normal drilling, satisfy and take under the prerequisite of powder row sediment, minimize drill bit, drilling tool and drilling rod external diameter grade difference, make the interior annular clearance of drilling little as far as possible, play the effect of restraint drilling string, the drilling string takes place great flexure in the well when preventing to revolve round to creep into, ensures that the drilling tool gyration is steady, and the drilling orbit is invariable relatively.
(6) And low-pressure drilling is adopted at the shallow part (0-150m) of the drilling hole, and a pressure-reducing drilling process is adopted after the hole depth is 150m, so that the axial pressure of the drill string is kept within the rigidity range, and the phenomenon that the drilling track is deflected due to sideslip caused by overlarge radial pressure of a drilling tool and a drill bit is avoided.
(7) And when coring is finished every time and a rod is added for drilling, slowly lowering the drilling tool by adopting a low-speed hole sweeping method until the footage is 5 cm-10 cm, and the drilling bit can be transferred to the normal rotating speed for drilling after entering the normal wellbore track. The drill bit should be kept at the bottom of the hole during speed change, so as to ensure that the drilling track is not deviated.
(8) When the rotating speed is increased or reduced, the rotating speed difference is strictly controlled, the speed is changed step by step, the speed is strictly forbidden to be directly changed from high speed to low speed or from low speed to high speed, and the phenomenon that the drilling track is deflected due to the lateral displacement of a drill bit caused by the step-by-step speed change is avoided.
(9) And checking the matching condition of the clamp spring and the inner diameter of the drill bit every time, trying to match well, wherein the relative displacement between the clamp spring and the drill bit is small when the drill bit is pulled out to salvage the rock core, and the residual rock core is not left at the bottom of the hole or is left as little as possible, so that the influence of the residual rock core at the bottom of the hole on the track of the well hole when the drill rod is extended again is avoided.
(10) And in the hole section of the easily inclined stratum, the drilling footage speed and the drilling pressure are controlled during drilling, the axial pressure of the drilling tool and the drill string is controlled, the lateral displacement component is reduced, the drill string keeps good rigidity, and the axial line of the well hole is kept from being bent.
The following are specific examples of the novel drilling process provided by the present invention.
1. Drilling process application examples of ZK1204, ZK2005 and ZK1606
ZK1204 drills into the formation: the fourth is rock stratum and coal, such as loose accumulation, Jurassic mudstone, siltstone, fine sandstone, coarse sandstone, gravel-containing coarse sandstone, gravel rock, etc. ZK2005 drilled formations: the fourth is rock stratum and coal such as loose accumulation, Jurassic mudstone, argillaceous siltstone, fine sandstone, medium sandstone, coarse sandstone, gravel-containing coarse sandstone, fine conglomerate, etc. ZK1606 drilled the formation: the fourth is rock stratum and coal such as loose accumulation, Jurassic siltstone, fine sandstone, medium sandstone, coarse sandstone, fine conglomerate, etc.
ZK1204 designing a histogram according to the drilling holes, wherein 0 m-4 m is a fourth series of loose accumulation; 4 m-350 m are sedimentary rhythm interbedded layers of mudstone, siltstone, fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel-containing coarse sandstone; siltstone, fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel-containing coarse sandstone with a thickness of more than 350m are deposited with rhythm interbedded coal seams.
ZK2005 is a histogram designed from the drilled hole, 0-4 m is the fourth series of loose deposits; 4-255 m of the sandstone is powder sandstone, sandstone and conglomerate in the Uighur group of the Jurassic system, and the bottom of the sandstone and the conglomerate is grey-white; 255 m-445 m are Jurassic lower system iron Mill set siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate sedimentary rhythm interbedded rock stratum, and 445 m-467 m are coal beds.
ZK1606 is a histogram designed according to the drilling, and 0 m-3 m is a fourth series of loose accumulation; 3 m-110 m is Jurassic system ancient coarse sandstone, middle sandstone, fine sandstone and siltstone; 110 m-150 m are Jurassic lower iron Miller group siltstone and sandstone sedimentary prosodic interbedded rock layers, 150 m-154 m are coal 12 coal seams, 154 m-326 m are Jurassic lower iron Miller group fine conglomerate, coarse sandstone, medium sandstone and siltstone sedimentary prosodic interbedded rock layers, 326 m-345 m are coal 9 coal seams, and below 345m are siltstone.
According to the drilling process parameters:
(1) rotating speed: a fourth series of cover layers: 75 r/min-150 r/min; jurassic rock formation: 300 r/min-700 r/min;
(2) drilling pressure: a fourth series of cover layers: 3000 kN-6000 kN; jurassic rock formation: 6000 kN-12000 kN;
(3) pump capacity: 35L/min-85L/min; the lower limit value is adopted on the premise of meeting rock debris removal and drill cooling.
According to the established drilling process method, the process key points of rock core sampling rate, deflection control and the like are strictly executed in the construction, the deflection of the drill hole is effectively controlled, the rock core sampling rate is improved, the unfavorable phenomena of mudstone necking, sand and conglomerate permeability loss, coal seam collapse and the like are eliminated, and the smooth and efficient construction of the drill hole is ensured. The implementation effect is as follows:
ZK1204 Final hole depth 549.12 m; the use time is 16 d; the final hole deflection distance is 7.74 m; the total hole core sampling rate is 98.83 percent, and the ore bed core sampling rate is 100 percent.
ZK2005 final hole depth 468.5 m; use time 13 d; the final hole deflection distance is 5.29 m; the total hole core sampling rate is 98.33%, and the ore bed core sampling rate is 100%.
ZK1606 final hole depth 369.22 m; the time spent is 9 m; the final hole deflection distance is 1.38 m; the total hole core sampling rate is 97.69%, and the ore bed core sampling rate is 100%.
It is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A vertical shaft type drilling process for uranium ores in a steep drainage clastic rock stratum adopts a vertical shaft type drilling machine matched with a rope coring drilling process, and then drilling engineering parameters are subjected to feasibility dynamic optimization through a drilling tool combination; the method comprises the following steps:
1) adjusting a drilling process according to the area of the drilling project where the stratum is actually drilled;
drilling a hole from shallow to deep in the area where the drilling engineering is located; drilling the stratum in the area of the drilling engineering from shallow to deep to meet loose deposits and rock stratums in sequence; wherein the shallow part of the drilling hole is 0-150 m; the depth of the deep part of the hole is more than 150 m;
the shallow part of the drilled hole adopts vertical shaft type low pressure drilling; after the deep part of the hole is drilled, vertical shaft type pressure reduction drilling is adopted, and meanwhile, a rope coring technology is matched for construction;
2) adjusting the drilling tool assembly according to the hardness degree of the rock;
selecting a vertical shaft type drilling machine for drilling, and simultaneously, coring and drilling the loose covering layer by adopting a V-shaped or gear-shaped polycrystalline composite sheet drill bit with larger diamond particles; drilling a rock stratum by adopting a gear-shaped diamond-impregnated bit rope coring process with a large mixed mesh number;
3) and (3) adjusting drilling parameters according to the difference of the formation depth and the diagenesis degree, and performing feasible dynamic optimization of drilling engineering parameters, including dynamic optimization of rotating speed, drilling pressure and pump capacity:
rotating speed: for the loose covering layer: 75 r/min-150 r/min; and (3) adopting the following steps for the rock stratum: 300 r/min-700 r/min;
drilling pressure: the covering layer adopts the following steps: 3000 kN-6000 kN; and (3) adopting the following steps for the rock stratum: 6000 kN-12000 kN;
the pump capacity is 35L/min-85L/min.
2. The vertical shaft drilling process for uranium deposits in steep dry clastic rock formations according to claim 1, wherein the drilled formations in step 1) include the Zhongsheng-Xinsheng formations: a fourth series of formations, a third series of formations, a chalky series of formations, a dwarfism series of formations, a triad series of formations; the drilling depth is more than 350m, and the coal seam can be drilled.
3. The vertical shaft drilling process for uranium deposits in the steep dry detritus rock stratum according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1), the drilled stratum is from shallow to deep, and 0-5 m is a fourth series loose accumulation; 5 m-350 m are sedimentary rhythm interbedded layers of mudstone, siltstone, fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel-containing coarse sandstone; above 350m is siltstone, fine sandstone, coarse sandstone, and gravel-containing coarse sandstone sedimentary rhythm interbedded coal seam.
4. The vertical shaft drilling process for uranium deposits in steep dry detritus rock formations according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the pump capacity is limited to a lower limit of 35L/min to 85L/min, provided that rock debris removal and drill bit cooling are satisfied.
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| CN114033299A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-11 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Drilling method for improving broken formation rock |
| CN117787753B (en) * | 2024-02-23 | 2024-04-26 | 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 | Digital control method and device for drilling safety and quality under urban complex conditions |
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