CN111154781B - 重组真菌漆酶的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
重组真菌漆酶的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111154781B CN111154781B CN202010028902.1A CN202010028902A CN111154781B CN 111154781 B CN111154781 B CN 111154781B CN 202010028902 A CN202010028902 A CN 202010028902A CN 111154781 B CN111154781 B CN 111154781B
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- laccase
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- lac1
- pichia pastoris
- recombinant strain
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种真菌漆酶基因Lac1,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所述。本发明还公开了漆酶重组菌株的构建方法:将真菌漆酶基因Lac1与表达载体pPIC9K连接,所得的重组质粒pPIC9K‑Lac1经线性化后,转化毕赤酵母GS115,构建获得毕赤酵母重组菌株GS115/pPIC9K‑Lac1;将毕赤酵母重组菌株进行诱导发酵,筛选具漆酶活性毕赤酵母重组菌株作为漆酶重组菌株。本发明还同时提供了利用漆酶重组菌株制备重组漆酶的方法;重组漆酶用于染料脱色。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种重组真菌漆酶及其基因、制备方法和在染料脱色中的应用。
背景技术
漆酶是一种具有多酚氧化酶活性的铜蓝氧化酶,它可将底物氧化成自由态,并通过电子传递将空气中的氧气变化成水。漆酶普遍存在于真菌、高等植物、细菌中,在昆虫、海绵和地衣中也存在类似漆酶活性的多酚氧化酶。漆酶的底物非常广泛,不仅可以直接氧化酚类物质,也可以借助介体,如2,2'-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)和1-羟基苯并三唑(HBT),氧化非酚类物质。所以,漆酶在工业染料脱色、环境污染物生物修复、生物检测、化合物合成等方面具有很好的应用潜力。
真菌漆酶是目前分布最广泛、来源最多的一类漆酶。尤其是在白腐真菌中,它们往往能分泌两种及以上的漆酶同工酶。基因组分析表明,栓菌属Trametes的白腐真菌具有5-7个漆酶基因,密孔菌属Pycnoporus真菌具有4-5个漆酶基因,这些漆酶基因一般不同时进行表达翻译,即使有些漆酶基因进行了翻译,但它们的理化属性也存在一定的差异。虽然人们对真菌漆酶进行了大量的、深入的研究工作,但是由于产量低、催化能力弱、不耐极端条件等原因,使得真菌漆酶很少进行商业化应用。
利用漆酶基因的异源表达获得重组漆酶,是提高漆酶产量、改善理化属性、满足漆酶商业化开发的重要途径。漆酶基因异源表达主要分为两类系统。一是原核表达系统,它主要是以大肠杆菌为表达体系,目前研究较多是利用芽孢杆菌Bacillus为漆酶基因供体。二是真核表达系统,它主要以毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母、丝状真菌为表达体系,以各种栓菌属、密孔菌属、侧耳属Pleurotus和鬼伞属Coprinus漆酶基因为供体。异源表达能提高重组漆酶的产量,如云芝栓孔菌Trametes versicolor漆酶基因LccC在毕赤酵母中表达后的漆酶产量达到34.23U/mL。异源表达也能改变漆酶对催化环境pH的适应,如克劳氏芽孢杆菌Bacillusclausii漆酶基因Cot A在大肠杆菌中表达后,重组漆酶的最适pH值为9.0。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种重组真菌漆酶的制备方法及其应用;从而克服目前大多数真菌漆酶对金属、有机溶剂或高温等极端条件无耐受性、限制了其工业化使用的缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种真菌漆酶基因Lac1,该真菌漆酶基因Lac1的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所述。
说明:该真菌漆酶基因来自毛栓孔菌MX2。
本发明还同时提供了上述真菌漆酶基因Lac1编码的蛋白质,该蛋白质的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所述。
本发明还同时提供了真菌漆酶基因的克隆方法:
提取毛栓孔菌MX2总RNA,并反转录成cDNA;以毛栓孔菌MX2反转录得到的cDNA为模板,设计扩增引物Lac1F和Lac1R,扩增得到一个不具信号肽序列的漆酶基因Lac1,该基因的开发阅读框大小为1500bp(为SEQ ID NO:1);
Lac1F:CGGAATTCGCCATTGGACCGAAGGCGAACCTCG(内含EcoR I酶切位点);
Lac1R:ATTTGCGGCCGCTCACAGATCGCCCTCCGCCAGCTTG(内含Not I酶切位点)。
本发明还同时提供了漆酶重组菌株的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、将如SEQ ID NO:1所述的真菌漆酶基因Lac1与表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1;
2)、重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1经线性化后,转化毕赤酵母GS115,构建获得毕赤酵母重组菌株GS115/pPIC9K-Lac1;
3)、将毕赤酵母重组菌株进行诱导发酵,筛选具漆酶活性毕赤酵母重组菌株作为漆酶重组菌株。
作为本发明的漆酶重组菌株的构建方法的改进:
所述步骤2)中,重组质粒转化毕赤酵母的方法为电击转化法,使用3μg线性化的pPIC9K-Lac1重组质粒,电击参数为1750V,4.2ms。
作为本发明的漆酶重组菌株的构建方法的进一步改进:
所述步骤3)包括依次进行以下步骤:
3.1)、将毕赤酵母重组菌株GS115/pPIC9K-Lac1接种于MD固体培养基中,28℃培养2~3天;
3.2)、挑取步骤3.1)所得的单菌落,接种至新的MD固体培养基中,28℃培养3~5天;
3.3)、将步骤3.2)培养所得的菌落,接种于含1%甲醇(V/V)的100μL BMMY液体培养基中,250rpm 28℃振荡培养24小时;
3.4)、在步骤3.3)所得的培养产物中加入100μL 1M的ABTS(溶解于0.1M醋酸钠pH为3.4的缓冲液中)进行显色反应,≥30分钟后观察,如液体颜色变为绿色或墨绿色,则该菌落为具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌株。
说明:上述步骤3.2)中,可挑取步骤3.1)所得的若干个单菌落分别进行接种培养,依次编号,并分别相应进行后续步骤。
本发明还同时提供了利用上述方法构建而得的漆酶重组菌株制备重组漆酶的方法,包括以下步骤:
一)、利用具漆酶活性毕赤酵母重组菌株,制备获得重组漆酶的粗酶液;
二)、将粗酶液进行纯化。
作为本发明的制备重组漆酶的方法的改进,
步骤一)为:
挑取具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌落,接种于25ml BMGY液体培养基,28℃、250rpm培养24h后,4000rpm,4℃离心5min,弃上清,收集菌体,用BMMY液体培养基重悬沉淀至OD600=1.00(约100-200ml),继续在相同条件下振荡培养,期间每隔24h加甲醇至终浓度为1%;培养5d后,于4℃,4000rpm离心30min得到上清液,上清液即为粗酶液。
步骤二)为:
将步骤一)所得的粗酶液超滤、硫酸铵沉淀透析和离子交换层析;得重组漆酶。
本发明所得的重组漆酶具有如下一种或多种特性:
①、重组漆酶分子量约为80kDa;
②、以ABTS为底物时的最适pH值为3.0,最适温度为60℃;
③、对ABTS、DMP和GUA的Km值分别为0.0284、0.0394和0.2147mM;
④、浓度为100mM的铜离子能促进重组漆酶活性,其相对酶活可达到168.9%;
⑤、具有机溶剂耐受性,在5%的甲醇、乙腈、丙酮、二甲基亚砜中的相对酶活分别为86.2%、80.0%、69.1%和64.5%。
本发明还同时提供了利用上述方法制备所得的重组漆酶的用途:用于染料脱色。
脱色时间≥24小时,酶量≥0.15U/mL,对RBBR、RB5、CV和NR四种染料的脱色率均大于50%,其中对RBBR的脱色率最高,为84.4%。
本发明的重组真菌漆酶具有在高浓度铜离子下(100mM)的漆酶促进作用,而且对各种有机溶剂具有一定耐受性,在低浓度酶量条件(0.15U/mL)及无介体环境下,对各种染料脱色具较好脱色作用。
本发明具有以下技术优势:
1)、本发明从毛栓孔菌MX2中扩增得到一段去除信号肽编码序列的全新的漆酶基因Lac1。
2)、本发明成功构建了具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌株。
3)、由毕赤酵母重组菌株表达的重组漆酶具有耐有机溶剂能力,以及高浓度铜离子对其活性具促进作用。
4)、重组漆酶对各种类型的染料均具有较好的脱色效果,在实际应用中具有较大应用潜力。
综上所述,本发明中克隆得到了一个毛栓孔菌漆酶基因,并将该基因在毕赤酵母表达系统中进行表达,得到毕赤酵母高稳定性漆酶重组菌株,重组菌株经诱导发酵后,可得到高稳定性的、具高浓度铜促进作用的、耐有机溶剂的重组漆酶,并且该重组漆酶在无介体条件下对蒽醌类、偶氮类、三苯甲烷类和杂环类等染料具有很好的脱色效果。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
图1是毛栓孔菌MX2漆酶基因Lac1的PCR扩增电泳图.其中:M为DNA Marker,1为漆酶基因Lac1;
图2是重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1的酶切验证电泳图.其中:M为DNA Marker,1为重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1经EcoR I和Not I双酶切后条带;
图3是重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1构建示意图;
图4是毕赤酵母重组菌株基因组中Lac1基因的PCR扩增电泳图.其中:M为DNAMarker,1为漆酶基因Lac1;
图5是毕赤酵母重组菌株在MD平板上筛选及诱导表达图.其中,选用1%甲醇作为诱导因子;用ABTS作为漆酶显示反应底物;编号为12-26的菌株均为具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌株;
图6是重组漆酶离子交换层析后的吸光值和漆酶活性图.其中,峰1即为重组漆酶;
图7是SDS-PAGE测定重组漆酶分子量电泳图.其中,M是标准蛋白Marker,泳道1为粗酶液,泳道2为超滤液,泳道3为透析液,泳道4为离子交换后重组漆酶;
图8是pH(A)和温度(B)对重组漆酶活力的影响;
图9是四种有机溶剂对重组漆酶活力的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不限制本发明。
本发明所使用的毛栓孔菌为Trametes hirsuta MX2,公开于:木腐真菌的鉴定及对不同木材的腐朽能力[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(1):1-10,现保存于浙江农林大学植物保护学科微生物实验室。
RNA提取试剂盒MiniBest RNA Extraction Kit,cDNA合成试剂盒PrimeScriptTMII 1st Stand cDNA Synthesis Kit,DNA聚合酶PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase,DNA连接试剂盒DNA Ligation Kit,质粒回收试剂盒MiniBEST Plasmid Purification Kit,胶回收试剂盒MiniBEST Agarose Gel DNA Extraction Kit、克隆载体pMD19-T、大肠杆菌菌株JM109购自大连宝生物工程有限公司。三种漆酶底物(ABTS、DMP和GUA)和四种染料(RBBR、RB5、CV和NR)均购自Sigma-Aldrich公司。
实施例1、毛栓孔菌MX2漆酶基因Lac1的获得
收集在液体产酶培养基(g/L:葡萄糖20g,酵母提取物10g,磷酸二氢钾2.0g,硫酸铵2.0g,七水硫酸镁0.5g,氯化钙0.1g)中振荡(150rpm)培养7-10天(28℃)的菌球,用液氮研磨成粉状,以此为材料,利用RNA提取试剂盒提取毛栓孔菌MX2总RNA。然后以毛栓孔菌MX2总RNA为模板,利用cDNA合成试剂盒反转录合成cDNA。
cDNA合成反应条件分为两步,首先是将Oligo dT Primer 1μL、dNTP Mixture 1μL、总RNA 2μL和无菌水混合成10μL反应液,并将反应液在65℃保温5min,然后在冰上迅速冷却。第二步是将上述的10μL反应液与4μL 5×PrimeScript II Buffer、0.5μL RNaseInhibitor、1μL PrimeScript II RTase及无菌水混合形成20μL反转录液,然后将反转录液在42℃温育60min,紧接着在70℃温育15min,最后在冰上冷却,得到cDNA。
PCR扩增不具信号肽序列漆酶基因Lac1(成熟肽序列)时,以毛栓孔菌MX2反转录得到的cDNA为模板,以Lac1F和Lac1R为上下游引物,引物序列具体如下:
Lac1F:CGGAATTCGCCATTGGACCGAAGGCGAACCTCG(内含EcoR I酶切位点)
Lac1R:ATTTGCGGCCGCTCACAGATCGCCCTCCGCCAGCTTG(内含Not I酶切位点)
PCR反应体系为:5×PrimeSTAR Buffer(Mg2+plus)10μL、dNTP Mixture(2.5mMeach)4μL、Lac1F 0.5μL、Lac1R 0.5μL、cDNA 2μL、PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase 0.5μL、灭菌蒸馏水32.5μL。反应程序为:98℃预变性10s;98℃变性10s,65℃退火5s,72℃延伸1.5min,33个循环;最后72℃延伸反应10min。
PCR扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳,得到约1500bp的条带(图1),用胶回收试剂盒纯化回收PCR产物,得到本发明的毛栓孔菌MX2漆酶基因Lac1,该基因的DNA序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。真菌漆酶基因Lac1编码的蛋白质的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所述。
实施例2、毕赤酵母重组菌株的构建
①、重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1的构建
将实施例1中回收纯化的PCR产物连接到pMD19-T克隆载体后,转化大肠杆菌JM109,筛选阳性克隆(含Lac1片段),再将阳性克隆用EcoR I和Not I双酶切,回收Lac1片段。
pPIC9K质粒同样用EcoR I和Not I双酶切处理,回收pPIC9K载体片段。
最后将回收的Lac1片段与pPIC9K载体片段连接后转化至大肠杆菌JM109中,在含卡那霉素的LB固体培养基上挑取阳性单菌落,经过摇菌、质粒提取、EcoR I和Not I双酶切验证后(图2),确定构建获得正确的重组菌株JM109/pPIC9K-Lac1,及内含的重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1(也为表达载体pPIC9K-Lac1)。
具体为:将Lac1片段0.3pmol与pPIC9K载体片段0.03pmol混合在一起,再加入DNA连接试剂盒中Solution I 10μL,并用蒸馏水补充至20μL反应体系,混匀后在16℃下反应12h,得连接产物。将20μL连接产物与100μL大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞(OD600=0.5)在4℃下混匀,并在42℃下反应45s,而后立即加入1mL LB液体培养基,并在37℃振荡培养(150rpm)1h,得转化后的培养液。取上述转化后的培养液50μL均匀涂抹在含卡那霉素的LB固体培养基上,37℃培养10-12h后,得多个单菌落菌斑。任意取单菌落重新培养于含卡那霉素的LB液体培养基中,37℃振荡培养(150rpm)8-10h,离心后得菌体,并根据质粒回收试剂盒步骤,提取菌体内质粒。将提取的质粒用EcoR I和Not I双酶切处理,并进行电泳拍照后验证,如图2所示,则该质粒即为重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1。表达载体的构建如图3所示。
②表达载体pPIC9K-Lac1转化毕赤酵母GS115
经重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1用Sac I内切酶线性化处理。将3μg线性化重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1加入到80μL毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞(细胞浓度为OD600=1.3-1.5)中,之后转移到预冷的电击杯(0.2cm)中,冰浴5min,电击一次(1750V,4.2ms)。电击完成后,立即加入1ml预冷的1mol/L山梨醇溶液,再将混合液体迅速涂布于MD培养基中,28℃培养2-3d。挑取阳性菌落,经基因组DNA提取、PCR(使用Lac1基因扩增引物Lac1F和Lac1R)验证后(图4),确定构建获得含Lac1的毕赤酵母重组菌株GS115/pPIC9K-Lac1。
上述MD培养基的配方为:在1L体系中加入13.4g酵母基本氮源(YNB)、0.4mg生物素和20g葡萄糖。
实施例3、具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌株的筛选及诱导扩大培养
将实施例2中的若干个阳性菌落分别重新接种于一块新的MD培养基中,并对每个菌落进行编号,28℃培养3-5天。然后按菌落编号分别取一接种环的菌接种于含1%甲醇(V/V)的100μL BMMY液体培养基中,250rpm 28℃振荡培养24小时。再往培养后的BMMY液体培养基(即,培养所得物)中加入100μL 1M的ABTS(溶解于0.1M醋酸钠pH为3.4的缓冲液中)进行显色反应,≥30分钟后观察,液体颜色变为绿色或墨绿色,则对应编号的菌落即为具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌株(图5)。
ABTS,即,2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸。
含1%甲醇(V/V)的100μL BMMY液体培养基的配方为:酵母粉1mg,蛋白胨2mg,YNB1.34mg、生物素0.04μg、1μL甲醇、余量为0.1M磷酸缓冲液(pH6.0)。
挑取一个具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌落,接种于25ml BMGY液体培养基,28℃、250rpm培养24h后,4000rpm,4℃离心5min,弃上清,收集菌体,用BMMY液体培养基重悬沉淀至OD600=1.00(约100-200ml),继续在相同条件下振荡培养(28℃、250rpm培养24h),期间每隔24h加甲醇至终浓度为1%。继续培养5d后,于4℃,4000rpm离心30min得到上清液,上清液即为粗酶液。
BMGY液体培养基的配方为:酵母粉10g,蛋白胨20g,YNB 13.4g、甘油10mL、0.1M磷酸缓冲液(pH6.0),蒸馏水补充至1L。
实施例4、重组漆酶的纯化制备
重组漆酶分泌于毕赤酵母重组菌株诱导培养液中,即实施例3中的粗酶液,其纯化制备包括超滤、硫酸铵沉淀透析和离子交换层析;
①、超滤
粗酶液经Millipore 10kDa超滤管,4℃,4000rpm离心30min,得超滤液;
②、硫酸铵沉淀透析
在超滤液中缓慢加入等体积的313g/L硫酸铵溶液,再称取一定质量的硫酸铵固体加入混合溶液中至硫酸铵终浓度为80%,期间注意加样、搅拌速度要缓慢以免造成蛋白变性(即,加样时间控制在60-90分钟,搅拌速度控制在20-30次/分钟)。4℃静置过夜,4000rpm,4℃离心30min取沉淀,用少量的20mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5)将沉淀溶解(即,磷酸盐缓冲液的用量只需确保沉淀被溶解即可),得酶液;
将酶液转移至12-14kDa透析袋,至一半体积,并将透析袋置于4℃,20mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5)中24h,期间更换缓冲液2-4次;透析袋中的截留液体即为透析液;
③、离子交换层析
将2ml透析液以0.4mL/min的流速上样到已平衡过的DEAE-Sepharose FF层析柱(25*16mm)中,在AKTA purifier蛋白纯化系统用0-0.5mol/L NaCl和0.02mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5)梯度洗脱,流速0.8mL/min,用Fraction Collector Frac-920收集器每1mL收集1管,同时测定每管漆酶活性,洗脱曲线图6共出现2个峰,用ABTS分别检测各峰值处洗脱液,发现峰1处具有很高的漆酶活性,超滤浓缩峰1处收集液(即,将第8-12管的洗脱液收集后,按照上述①超滤的工艺参数进行超滤浓缩),得到重组漆酶。
实验1、将如下表1所述体积量的实施例3所得的粗酶液、实施例4步骤①所得的超滤液、实施例4步骤②所得的透析液、实施例4步骤③所得的重组漆酶,进行总蛋白含量测定及漆酶活性测定,蛋白质含量测定使用Bradford原理,通过蛋白质定量检测试剂盒(上海生工)测定,漆酶活性使用ABTS为底物来测定。最终的重组漆酶比活力为196U/mg,回收率为1.1%,纯化倍数为4.24;见表1。
表1、重组漆酶的纯化制备
本发明中漆酶活性测定以对ABTS的氧化来表示。反应体系(300μL):280μL含1MABTS的醋酸钠缓冲液(0.1M,pH 3.4),20μL酶液。使用酶标仪测定3min内混合液在420nm的吸光值变化,反应温度为25℃。已知420nm处摩尔消光系数ε420=3.6×104M-1·cm-1,以1min内转化1μmol ABTS所需的酶量为一个酶活单位(U)。
比活力(U/mg)=总酶活/总蛋白;
纯化倍数=比活力n/比活力0(比活力n为纯化步骤n时的比活力,比活力0为粗酶液比活力);
回收率(%)=总酶活n/总酶活0(总酶活n为纯化步骤n时的总酶活,总酶活0为粗酶液总酶活)。
实验2、重组漆酶的酶学性质测定
①、重组漆酶分子量
将重组漆酶与5×SDS-PAGE的上样缓冲液按照1:10的用量比混匀,在100℃金属浴中加热10min,得上样液;取10μL上样液在常规的12%分离胶和5%浓缩胶制成的凝胶上进行SDS-PAGE电泳;电泳完成后,用考马斯亮蓝R-250染色,并脱色拍照,再根据凝胶中标准蛋白Marker估算重组漆酶分子量。
图7为重组漆酶SDS-PAGE电泳图,其中M是标准蛋白Marker,第1-4泳道,分别为粗酶液、超滤液、透析液和离子交换后重组漆酶等样品,估算的重组漆酶分子量约为80kDa。②、重组漆酶的最适pH值和最适温度
最适pH值测定,以ABTS(1mM)为底物,配制pH值为2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5、5、5.5、6、6.5、7的柠檬酸磷酸盐缓冲液(20mM),在28℃测量它们的漆酶活力。以活力最高的为100%,测定不同pH值所对应的相对漆酶活力。
最适温度是在最适pH(3.0)条件下,以ABTS(1mM)为底物,在柠檬酸磷酸盐缓冲液(20mM)中,测量不同温度下的漆酶活力,以活力最高的为100%,测定不同温度下的相对酶活力。
从图8(A)中可以看出,重组漆酶在强酸性条件下,活性更高,最适pH值为3.0,随着pH值的增大,漆酶活性逐渐降低,当pH=4.5时,相对酶活仅保留51.34%,当pH=6.0时,重组漆酶几乎失活。
图8(B)显示,在0-90℃中,重组漆酶均具有一定的催化能力,说明该重组漆酶的反应温度范围较大。以ABTS为底物时,其最适反应温度为60℃,当温度高于最适温度后,酶活逐渐下降。当温度为80℃时,其相对酶活仅有56.47%。
③、重组漆酶的酶动力学参数
在最适pH(3.0)和最适温度(60℃)下,以不同浓度的ABTS(0.01-0.2mM)、DMP(0.1-1mM)、愈创木酚(0.1-1mM)为底物,测量纯化重组漆酶的活性。采用Lineweaver-Burk作图法,分别以底物浓度([S])的倒数为横坐标,对应的酶活([v])的倒数为纵坐标制作标准曲线,由曲线换算得出Km(μM)和Vmax(U/mg),并由公式换算得到Kcat(s-1),公式为Vmax=Kcat×[E],[E]为纯酶液样品的蛋白浓度。
从表2中可以看出,重组漆酶对ABTS、DMP和GUA的Km值分别为0.0284、0.0394和0.2147mM,说明重组漆酶与ABTS的亲和力最好,其次为DMP,最弱的是愈创木酚。米氏常数值Kcat按从小到大排序为:ABTS<DMP<愈创木酚,而Kcat/Km(S-1mM-1)值从大到小排序为:愈创木酚>DMP>ABTS,可见ABTS的Km值最小,而Kcat/Km(S-1mM-1)值最大,因此是该重组漆酶最合适的反应底物。
表2、重组漆酶的酶动力学参数
④、铜离子对重组漆酶活性的促进作用
以ABTS(1mM)为反应底物,将重组漆酶与含有不同浓度(1、10、50、100mM)CuSO4的20mM柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.0)混合,25℃保温5min,测定漆酶活力。
即,在300μL体系中含280μL缓冲液和20μL重组漆酶,其中缓冲液为含有不同浓度(1、10、50、100mM)CuSO4及1mM ABTS的20mM柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲液。
以不添加铜离子空白酶液为对照,计该活力为100%。从表3中可以看出,重组漆酶的相对活性随着铜离子浓度的提高而升高,当铜离子浓度为100mM时,重组漆酶活性相对于不加铜离子的重组漆酶来说,提高了68.92%。该结果说明,高浓度的铜离子对毕赤酵母重组菌株分泌的重组漆酶活性有明显的促进作用。
表3、铜离子对重组漆酶活性的影响
铜离子浓度(mM) | 相对酶活(%) |
1 | 89.37±0.36 |
10 | 124.17±0.44 |
50 | 162.69±0.71 |
100 | 168.92±0.26 |
⑤重组漆酶对有机溶剂的耐受性
将重组漆酶与含有不同体积浓度(5%、10%、50%)有机溶剂(甲醇、乙腈、丙酮、二甲基亚砜)的20mM柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 2.5)混合,以ABTS(1mM)为反应底物,25℃保温反应5min,测定漆酶活力。
即,在300μL体系中含280μL缓冲液和20μL重组漆酶,其中缓冲液为含有不同体积浓度(5%、10%、50%)有机溶剂及1mM ABTS的20mM柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲液。
以不添加有机溶剂的空白酶为对照,计此时的酶活为100%。从图9中可以看出,重组漆酶活力随着四种有机溶剂浓度的升高而下降,特别当浓度为50%时,重组漆酶相对酶活都在8.99%以下。但是在低浓度下(5%),重组漆酶对四种有机溶剂表现出了较好的耐受性,相对酶活在64.5%以上,特别是在5%甲醇溶液中,重组漆酶的相对酶活还有86.2%。该结果说明,重组漆酶对低浓度的有机溶剂存在一定的耐受性。
实验3、重组漆酶对染料的脱色作用
本实施例中所用的四种染料Remazol Brilliant Blue R(RBBR)、Reactive Black5(RB5)、Crystal Violet(CV)、Neutral Red(NR)分别代表了蒽醌类、偶氮类、三苯甲烷类和杂环类染料。RBBR、RB5、CV和NR染料的最大吸收波长分别为592、597、590和530nm,在最大吸光度下为1时的浓度分别为170、75、6.5和25mg/L。
脱色反应步骤为:脱色反应体系为1mL,包含染料(上述浓度)和重组漆酶(0.05、0.1和0.15U/mL)在内的0.1M醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 3.4)。以1ml不含重组漆酶的染料缓冲液作为对照。混匀后在室温下静置24小时。通过染料在最大波长处的吸光值变化来反应染料的浓度变化,以此判断染料的脱色效果。计反应初始时反应体系的吸光值为A0,第i分钟的吸光值为Ai,则染料的脱色率(%)=(A0-Ai)/A0×100%。
本实施例是在没有介体参与的情况下进行的染料脱色作用。由表4可见,重组漆酶对RBBR、RB5、CV和NR四种染料均有一定的脱色效果。在最低浓度下(0.05U/mL),除NR外,其余三种染料的脱色率均大于50%,且各自的脱色率也随着酶量的增加逐渐增强。其中,重组漆酶对RBBR的脱色效果最为明显,在0.05、0.1和0.15U/mL酶量下,脱色率分别达到73.59%、84.38%和84.42%。同时,RB5也在漆酶浓度从0.05U/mL加至0.15U/mL后,脱色率从61.93%提高至80.27%。CV和NR在最大含酶量(0.15U/mL)下,其脱色率分别为60.08%和53.39%。该结果表明,重组漆酶对不同类型染料均具有一定的脱色能力,而且对蒽醌类(RBBR)的脱色效果最好,为84.4%。
表4、不同酶量的重组漆酶对染料的脱色率
对比例1、
将变色栓菌重组漆酶LccB按照上述实验1~实验3所述方法进行检测,所得结果显示,变色栓菌重组漆酶LccB在高浓度铜离子下无酶活促进作用,且不具备有机溶剂耐受性,在染料脱色中至少需要≥2U/mL的酶量才能起到一定的脱色效果。
对比例2、将本发明的真菌漆酶基因Lac1改成登录号为MN327569的基因,按照上述方法进行检测,所得结果显示在染料脱色中需要加入ABTS介体才能起到一定的脱色效果,脱色效果不如本发明。
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 浙江农林大学
<120> 重组真菌漆酶的制备方法及其应用
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
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ggagaccgct tccagctcaa tgtcatcgac aacttgacca accacacaat gctcaagtcc 180
accagtatcc actggcatgg cttctttcaa gcaggcacga attgggcgga cgggcccgcg 240
ttcgtcaacc agtgccctat tgcgtccgga cactccttcc tgtacgactt ccatgtgcct 300
gaccaagcgg ggacgttctg gtaccacagt cacctatcca cacagtactg tgatgggctg 360
cggggcccgt ttgtggtcta cgacccgaaa gacccgcacg ccagtcgcta tgacgtggat 420
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gtctcgctgt cgtgcgaccc gaactatacc ttcagcattg atggacacaa cttgaccgtc 660
atcgaagtcg acggcatcaa cagcaagccc ctcaccgtcg actccatcca gatcttcgct 720
gcgcagcggt actctttcgt ccttaatgcc aaccaaccgg tggccaacta ctgggtccgc 780
gcgaacccca acttcggcac gaccgggttc gctggcggga tcaactccgc catcctgcgc 840
tatcaggggg cgccgaatgc tgagccgact acgacccaga cgccatccgt gatcccactt 900
atcgagacga acctgcaccc gctcgccaag atgccagtgc ctggcaaggc gacgtccgga 960
ggcgtcgaca aggcgctcaa cctcgccttc agcttcaacg gcacaaattt cttcatcaac 1020
aacgcgacgt tcacaccccc gaccgtcccg gtgcttctcc agatcctgag cggcgcgcag 1080
accgcacaag acctcctccc cgccgggtcc gtctacccgc tccccgcgca ctcctccatc 1140
gagatcacgc tgcccgcgag cgcggcagcc cccggtgccc cacacccctt ccacctgcac 1200
ggtcacgcgt tcgcggtcgt gcgcagcgcg gggagcaccg cgtacaacta cgccgacccg 1260
atctggcgcg acgtggtgag cacgggcacg cccgcggcgg gcgacaacgt cacgatccgc 1320
ttccgcacgg acaacccggg cccgtggttc ctccactgcc acatcgactt ccacctcgag 1380
gcgggcttcg cggtcgtgtt cgcggaggac gtcccggacg tcaaggccgc gaacccggtc 1440
ccgcaggcgt ggtccgacct gtgcccgatc tacgacaagc tggcggaggg cgatctgtga 1500
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Ala Ile Gly Pro Lys Ala Asn Leu Val Ile Thr Asp Ala Ala Ile Ala
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Pro Asp Gly Phe Leu Arg Asp Ala Ile Val Thr Asn Gly Val Phe Pro
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Ala Pro Leu Ile Lys Gly Asn Lys Gly Asp Arg Phe Gln Leu Asn Val
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Ile Asp Asn Leu Thr Asn His Thr Met Leu Lys Ser Thr Ser Ile His
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Trp His Gly Phe Phe Gln Ala Gly Thr Asn Trp Ala Asp Gly Pro Ala
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Phe Val Asn Gln Cys Pro Ile Ala Ser Gly His Ser Phe Leu Tyr Asp
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Phe His Val Pro Asp Gln Ala Gly Thr Phe Trp Tyr His Ser His Leu
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Ser Thr Gln Tyr Cys Asp Gly Leu Arg Gly Pro Phe Val Val Tyr Asp
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Pro Lys Asp Pro His Ala Ser Arg Tyr Asp Val Asp Asn Glu Ser Thr
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Val Ile Thr Leu Ser Asp Trp Tyr His Ala Ala Ala Arg Leu Gly Pro
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Arg Phe Pro Leu Gly Ala Asp Ser Thr Leu Ile Asn Gly Leu Gly Arg
165 170 175
Ser Ser Ser Thr Pro Asn Ala Gly Leu Ala Val Ile Asn Val Gln Arg
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Gly Lys Arg Tyr Arg Phe Arg Leu Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Asp Pro Asn
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Tyr Thr Phe Ser Ile Asp Gly His Asn Leu Thr Val Ile Glu Val Asp
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Gly Ile Asn Ser Lys Pro Leu Thr Val Asp Ser Ile Gln Ile Phe Ala
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Gly Ile Asn Ser Ala Ile Leu Arg Tyr Gln Gly Ala Pro Asn Ala Glu
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Pro Thr Thr Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser Val Ile Pro Leu Ile Glu Thr Asn
290 295 300
Leu His Pro Leu Ala Lys Met Pro Val Pro Gly Lys Ala Thr Ser Gly
305 310 315 320
Gly Val Asp Lys Ala Leu Asn Leu Ala Phe Ser Phe Asn Gly Thr Asn
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Phe Phe Ile Asn Asn Ala Thr Phe Thr Pro Pro Thr Val Pro Val Leu
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Leu Gln Ile Leu Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Ala Gln Asp Leu Leu Pro Ala
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Gly Ser Val Tyr Pro Leu Pro Ala His Ser Ser Ile Glu Ile Thr Leu
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Gly Asp Leu
Claims (10)
1.一种真菌漆酶基因Lac1,其特征在于:该真菌漆酶基因Lac1的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO:1所述。
2.如权利要求1所述的真菌漆酶基因Lac1编码的蛋白质,其特征在于:该蛋白质的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO: 2所述。
3.权利要求1所述的真菌漆酶基因Lac1的克隆方法,其特征在于:
提取毛栓孔菌(Trametes hirsuta)MX2总RNA,反转录成cDNA;以毛栓孔菌MX2反转录得到的cDNA为模板,设计扩增引物Lac1F和Lac1R,扩增得到漆酶基因Lac1;
Lac1F:CGGAATTCGCCATTGGACCGAAGGCGAACCTCG;
Lac1R: ATTTGCGGCCGCTCACAGATCGCCCTCCGCCAGCTTG。
4.漆酶重组菌株的构建方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)、将权利要求1中所述的真菌漆酶基因Lac1与表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1;
2)、重组质粒pPIC9K-Lac1经线性化后,转化毕赤酵母GS115,构建获得毕赤酵母重组菌株GS115/ pPIC9K-Lac1;
3)、将毕赤酵母重组菌株进行诱导发酵,筛选具漆酶活性毕赤酵母重组菌株作为漆酶重组菌株。
5.根据权利要求4所述的漆酶重组菌株的构建方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤2)中,重组质粒转化毕赤酵母的方法为电击转化法,使用3 µg 线性化的pPIC9K-Lac1重组质粒,电击参数为1750 V,4.2 ms。
6.根据权利要求5所述的漆酶重组菌株构建方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤3)包括依次进行以下步骤:
3.1)、将毕赤酵母重组菌株GS115/ pPIC9K-Lac1接种于MD固体培养基中,28 ℃培养2~3天;
3.2)、挑取步骤3.1)所得的单菌落,接种至MD固体培养基中, 28 ℃培养3~5天;
3.3)、将步骤3.2)培养所得的菌落,接种于体积百分比浓度为1%的含甲醇的BMMY液体培养基中,250 rpm 28℃ 振荡培养24小时;
3.4)、在步骤3.3)所得的培养产物中加入等体积量的 1 M的ABTS进行显色反应,≥ 30分钟后观察,如液体颜色变为绿色或墨绿色,则该菌落为具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌株。
7.利用权利要求4~6任一方法构建而得的漆酶重组菌株制备重组漆酶的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
一)、利用具漆酶活性毕赤酵母重组菌株,制备获得重组漆酶的粗酶液;
二)、将粗酶液进行纯化。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备重组漆酶的方法,其特征在于所述步骤一)为:
挑取具漆酶活性的毕赤酵母重组菌落,接种于BMGY液体培养基,28 ℃、250 rpm培养24h后,4000 rpm,4 ℃离心5 min,弃上清,收集菌体,用BMMY液体培养基重悬沉淀至OD600 =1.00,继续在相同条件下振荡培养,期间每隔24 h加甲醇至终浓度为1%;培养5 d后,于4℃,4000 rpm离心30 min得到上清液,上清液即为粗酶液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备重组漆酶的方法,其特征在于所述步骤二)为:
将步骤一)所得的粗酶液超滤、硫酸铵沉淀透析和离子交换层析;得重组漆酶。
10.如权利要求7~9任一方法制备所得的重组漆酶的用途,其特征在于:用于染料脱色。
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