CN111153500B - Buffer zone construction mode and width defining method based on pollution interception - Google Patents
Buffer zone construction mode and width defining method based on pollution interception Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/18—PO4-P
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Abstract
The invention discloses a buffer zone construction mode and width dividing method based on pollution interception, which comprises the steps of firstly collecting rainwater, forming a whole set of database of each type of buffer zone through a large amount of tests and analysis on rainwater data, wherein each type of buffer zone has a batch of total nitrogen and total phosphorus data of the rainwater under the condition of different widths, calculating the interception efficiency of each type of buffer zone on the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus according to the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus data, forming a relational graph between the widths and the interception rates of various types of buffer zones, and obtaining a corresponding relational expression; determining the type of the buffer zone which can intercept total nitrogen and total phosphorus most effectively according to a relation graph between the widths of various buffer zones and the interception efficiency, and selecting the corresponding type and width of the buffer zone from a database according to the pollution interception rate and width set by the ecological construction of the buffer zone, thereby finally forming an optimal buffer zone construction mode; the method improves the accuracy and the scientificity of the buffer zone construction mode and the width thereof, and is suitable for application and popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a buffer zone construction mode and width dividing method based on pollution interception.
Background
As an important component of the water ecosystem, the health of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, oceans, and the like, depends to a considerable extent on the completeness of the function of the land buffer zone. The buffer zone not only can provide diversified suitable habitat for various organisms, but also can effectively buffer and purify pollution from land, and thereby a unique aesthetic system for connecting and fusing land and water landscapes is formed, and the requirements of people on material and cultural life are greatly met. The realization of the functions depends on the width of the buffer zone, physical properties, topographic features, hydrological conditions, biological communities, land utilization modes and the like. Generally, the width of the buffer belt has the greatest influence on the effect of pollution interception.
At present, when ecological planning and construction are carried out on the buffer zone, the construction mode of the buffer zone cannot be determined and the width required by the buffer zone under a specific pollution interception condition cannot be quantified, so that the method also becomes a key technical problem for restricting ecological construction of the buffer zone. Therefore, a buffer zone land utilization mode and width dividing method is urgently needed to be constructed, and effective configuration and combination of natural habitats such as forests, grasslands, wetlands and the like are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a buffer zone construction mode and width defining method based on pollution interception, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a buffer zone construction mode and width demarcation method based on pollution interception, comprising the following steps:
1) preparing four types of buffer zones of wetland, forest/grassland, forest and grassland, respectively detecting the pollution rejection rate of each buffer zone under different widths, and counting to obtain a relational expression of the width and the pollution rejection rate of each buffer zone;
2) calculating according to a preset pollution interception rate and a preset width and the relational expression obtained in the step 1), selecting a corresponding buffer zone type and width, and constructing a target buffer zone.
In an optimized scheme, the pollution rejection rate comprises a total nitrogen rejection rate and a total phosphorus rejection rate.
In an optimized scheme, the buffer strip width defining method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing four types of buffer zones of wetland, forest/grassland, forest and grassland, and respectively collecting rainwater to obtain a plurality of groups of collected water samples;
2) detecting the total phosphorus concentration and the total nitrogen concentration of a plurality of groups of collected water samples, calculating the rejection rate of each type of buffer zone to the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus under different widths, and counting to obtain a relational expression of the width of each buffer zone to the total nitrogen rejection rate and the total phosphorus rejection rate;
3) calculating according to the preset total phosphorus rejection rate, total nitrogen rejection rate and preset width and the relational expression obtained in the step 2), selecting the corresponding type and width of the buffer zone, and constructing the target buffer zone.
In an optimized scheme, in the step 2), the relation between the width of each buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate comprises:
the width of the wetland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate have the following relational expression: y is1＝0.1804ln(x)+1.084；
The relationship between the width of the forest/lawn buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate is: y is1＝0.1169ln(x)+0.9688；
The total phosphorus rejection rate of the forest buffer zone is lower than 25%;
the relationship between the width of the grassland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate is as follows: y is1＝0.1426ln(x)+0.8549；
In the above formula, x is the width of the buffer zone, y1All are total phosphorus rejection rates.
In an optimized scheme, in the step 2), the relation between the width of each buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate comprises:
the width of the wetland buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate have a relational expression as follows: y is2＝0.128ln(x)+0.6887；
The relationship between the width of the forest/lawn buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is: y is2＝0.1288ln(x)+0.7001；
The relationship between the width of the forest buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is as follows: y is2＝0.1154ln(x)+0.5318；
Width and total nitrogen of grassland buffer zoneThe retention rate is related as follows: y is2＝0.1294ln(x)+0.744；
In the above formula, x is the width of the buffer zone, y2All are total nitrogen rejection.
In the technical scheme, an inventor obtains rainwater collection water samples of various types of buffer zones under different widths by collecting rainwater of various typical buffer zones, measures total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentration of the collected water samples, analyzes the collected water samples after counting data, calculates a relational graph between each type of buffer zone and total nitrogen rejection rate and total phosphorus rejection rate, calculates and analyzes the relational graph to obtain corresponding relational expressions, and demonstrates all the relational expressions through a large amount of experimental data, so that the method has universality.
According to the relational expression and the attached drawing, when total phosphorus interception is carried out, the total phosphorus interception rate of the wet buffer zone and the forest/grassland buffer zone is optimal, the total phosphorus interception effect of the forest buffer zone is not obvious, and in actual selection, the forest buffer zone is not recommended to be selected for total phosphorus interception; when total nitrogen is intercepted, the total nitrogen intercepting effect of the grassland buffer zone is optimal.
When the target buffer zone is actually selected, selecting a proper buffer zone type and a proper buffer zone width according to the selected pollution rejection rate m and the width n; when a plurality of types of buffer zones are applicable, the plurality of types of buffer zones may be combined with each other to construct a target buffer zone.
In an optimized scheme, in the step 2), the method for measuring the total nitrogen concentration comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the collected water sample, adding alkaline potassium persulfate, digesting for 40min at 121 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, standing for 1h, fixing the volume, and carrying out colorimetric calculation to obtain the total nitrogen concentration.
In an optimized scheme, in the step 2), the method for measuring the total phosphorus concentration comprises the following steps: and (3) adding 5% of potassium persulfate into the collected water sample, wrapping the pipe orifice with tin foil paper, digesting for 30min at 121 ℃, adding a color developing agent, shaking uniformly to react for 20min, and carrying out colorimetric detection on the phosphate concentration by a molybdenum blue colorimetric method to obtain the total phosphorus concentration.
According to an optimized scheme, in the step 1), rainwater is collected for each type of buffer zone, a section with a gradient of 5-15% is selected during rainwater collection, the width of the section is 50m-1000m, rainwater collectors are arranged every 50m in an area where surface runoff flows, and a plurality of groups of water samples are collected after heavy rain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the practical operation of the invention, typical land-oriented lakeside zone types including but not limited to wetland, forest, grassland, farmland, forest/grassland, shrub, bare land and other buffer zones are selected and selected firstly, and rainwater is collected to obtain a plurality of groups of water samples; then, through a large amount of tests and analyses on rainwater data, a whole set of database of each type of buffer zone (such as wetlands, forests, lawns, farmlands, shrubs, bare lands and the like) is formed, each type of buffer zone has a batch of total nitrogen and total phosphorus data of rainwater under the condition of different widths, and accordingly, the interception efficiency of each type of buffer zone on the total nitrogen and total phosphorus can be calculated, a relational graph between the widths and the interception rates of various types of buffer zones is formed, and a corresponding relational expression is obtained; after the corresponding relational expression is obtained, the type of the buffer zone for intercepting total nitrogen and total phosphorus most effectively can be determined according to the relational graph between the width of each type of buffer zone and the interception efficiency, and the corresponding type and width of the buffer zone are selected from the database according to the setting of the ecological construction of the buffer zone on the pollution interception rate and width, so that the optimal buffer zone construction mode is finally formed.
The invention discloses a buffer zone construction mode and width defining method based on pollution interception, which is characterized in that through detection, analysis and summary of an inventor, the inventor analyzes the relationship between the interception efficiency and the width of various types of buffer zones for total nitrogen and total phosphorus in rainwater, screens the type of the buffer zone which most effectively intercepts nitrogen and phosphorus, reasonably configures and optimally combines the buffer zone, quantifies the width of the optimal buffer zone according to the interception target of the nitrogen and phosphorus, provides an important standard basis for ecological construction of the buffer zone, especially the construction mode and the width of the buffer zone, solves the technical problem of how to construct and how wide the buffer zone is constructed for a long time, makes up the standard deficiency of the current country aiming at the industry, and realizes the accurate and scientific calculation configuration of the construction mode and the width of the buffer zone.
Drawings
In order that the present invention may be more readily and clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a grassland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate (total phosphorus removal rate) according to a buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the wetland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate (total phosphorus removal rate) of the buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a forest buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate (total phosphorus removal rate) according to a buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the forest/lawn buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate (total phosphorus removal rate) according to the buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a grassland buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection (total nitrogen removal) according to a buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the wetland buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection (total nitrogen removal) according to the buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the forest buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection (total nitrogen removal) according to the buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the forest/grass buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection (total nitrogen removal) according to the buffer zone construction mode and width determination method based on pollution interception.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
s1: collecting rainwater: the inventor selects the typical land-to-lake lakeside zone type of the nest lake in 11 months in 2019, the typical land-to-lake lakeside zone type comprises five types of buffer zones of wetlands, forests, grasslands, farmlands and forests/grasslands, the sections with the gradient of 5-15% and the width of 50-1000m are respectively selected, the wetland buffer zone selects 8 sections, the forests buffer zone selects 10 sections, the grasslands buffer zone selects 20 sections, the farmland buffer zone selects 8 sections, the forests/grasslands buffer zone selects 18 sections, rainwater collectors are arranged at intervals of 50m in the area through which surface runoff flows, the highest point of the selected area is 0m, and the sample points are sequentially arranged at 50m, 100m and 150m … … 1000m along the surface runoff direction.
Wherein the rainwater collector is the plastic container, and the volume is 1000 milliliters, sets up thin filter screen at the bottleneck end, buries the underground, and the bottleneck flushes with ground, and after heavy rain, collect the rainwater collector, obtain multiunit water sample.
S2: and (3) total nitrogen concentration determination: respectively taking 5mL of collected multiple groups of water samples, adding 5mL of alkaline potassium persulfate, digesting for 40min at 121 ℃, adding 1mL of hydrochloric acid, standing for 1h if precipitates exist, then fixing the volume to 25mL, carrying out color comparison on 220nm and 275nm quartz cuvettes, and calculating to obtain the total nitrogen concentration; wherein the alkaline potassium persulfate is prepared by dissolving 7.5g of NaOH in water, adding 20g of potassium persulfate after cooling to dissolve, and fixing the volume to 500 ml.
S3: and (3) measuring the total phosphorus concentration: respectively taking 8.4ml of collected multiple groups of water samples, adding 1.6ml of 5% potassium persulfate, wrapping the tube orifice with tinfoil paper, digesting for 30min at 121 ℃, adding 2ml of color developing agent, shaking up to react for 20min, carrying out molybdenum blue colorimetry on 882nm glass cuvettes, and detecting the phosphate concentration to obtain the total phosphorus concentration.
S4: through a large amount of tests and analyses to the rainwater data, form the database of a whole set of each type buffer zone (wetland, woods, meadow, farmland, woods/meadow), each type buffer zone all has the total nitrogen total phosphorus data of rainwater under the condition of a batch of different width, and can calculate the efficiency of holding back of each type different width to total nitrogen total phosphorus according to this, form the relation chart between various types of buffer zone width and the efficiency of holding back, and obtain the relational expression.
According to the steps, the inventor of research institute of aquatic organisms of Chinese academy of sciences, such as Song spring Lei, carries out detection and analysis on different types of lakeside in different regions for many years, for example, 11 months in 2019, the inventor carries out detection and analysis on the types of the lakeside zone from typical continents of Anhui brook to lakeside in Anhui, wherein the types of the lakeside zone comprise five types of buffer zones of wetlands, forests, grasslands, farmlands and forests/grasslands, rainwater collection water samples of the buffer zones of various types under different widths are collected, the concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen are measured, and finally, the retention rate of each type of buffer zone on the total nitrogen:
the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the rainwater are not intercepted and reduced but increased instead due to the erosion of the rainwater to the farmland and the loss of water and soil as the rainwater flows through the farmland, so that the pollution interception rate of the farmland is a negative value and is not taken as a selection type of a target buffer zone.
The total phosphorus interception rate of the wet buffer zone and the forest/grassland buffer zone is optimal, the total phosphorus interception effect of the forest buffer zone is not obvious, and the forest buffer zone is not recommended to be selected for total phosphorus interception in actual selection; the relationship between the width of each buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection is shown as follows:
the width of the wetland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate have the following relational expression: y is1＝0.1804ln(x)+1.084；
The relationship between the width of the forest/lawn buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate is: y is1＝0.1169ln(x)+0.9688；
The total phosphorus rejection rate of the forest buffer zone is lower than 25%;
the relationship between the width of the grassland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate is as follows: y is1＝0.1426ln(x)+0.8549；
In the above formula, x is the width of the buffer zone, y1All are total phosphorus rejection rates.
The total nitrogen retention effect of the grassland buffer zone is optimal, the total nitrogen retention effect of the forest buffer zone is averagely lower than 50%, and the width of each buffer zone and the total nitrogen retention rate are shown in the following relation:
the width of the wetland buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate have a relational expression as follows: y is2＝0.128ln(x)+0.6887；
The relationship between the width of the forest/lawn buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is: y is2＝0.1288ln(x)+0.7001；
The relationship between the width of the forest buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is as follows: y is2＝0.1154ln(x)+0.5318；
The relationship between the width of the grassland buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is as follows: y is2＝0.1294ln(x)+0.744；
In the above formula, x is the width of the buffer zone, y2All are total nitrogen rejection.
And fourthly, forming a relation graph between the width of each type of buffer zone and total nitrogen and total phosphorus rejection according to the data, wherein the specific points are shown in the attached drawings 1-8 in the specification, wherein the total phosphorus removal rate is the total phosphorus rejection rate, and the total nitrogen removal rate is the total nitrogen rejection rate.
Through detection, analysis and summary of the inventor of the institute of aquatic organisms of the academy of Chinese sciences, the inventor analyzes the relationship between the interception efficiency and the width of the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in rainwater of various buffer zones, screens the buffer zone type which most effectively intercepts nitrogen and phosphorus, performs reasonable configuration and optimal combination, quantizes the width of the optimal buffer zone according to the interception target of the nitrogen and phosphorus, provides an important standard basis for ecological construction of the buffer zone, particularly the construction mode and the width of the buffer zone, solves the technical problem of how to construct and how to construct the buffer zone, makes up the standard deficiency of the current country aiming at the industry, and realizes the accurate and scientific calculation configuration of the construction mode and the width of the buffer zone.
S5: and calculating according to the preset total phosphorus rejection rate, total nitrogen rejection rate and preset width and the calculation relation obtained in the step S4, selecting the corresponding type and width of the buffer zone, and constructing the target buffer zone.
When the target buffer zone is actually constructed, the optimized type and width of the buffer zone can be analyzed and selected according to the calculation formula obtained in the step S4 by the preset total phosphorus rejection, total nitrogen rejection and preset width, and the specific analysis process can be seen in the embodiments 2 and 3.
Example 2:
before a target buffer zone is constructed, the pollution interception rate of the buffer zone is preset to be 50%, and the preset width of the buffer zone is 0.1-0.3 km.
And (3) analysis: the preset pollution interception rate is 50%, that is, the total nitrogen interception rate and the total phosphorus interception rate are both 50%, as can be seen from the database in example 1:
when the total phosphorus rejection rate is 50%, the optimal width of the wetland buffer zone is 0-0.1km, the optimal width of the forest/grassland buffer zone is 0-0.1km, the optimal width of the grassland buffer zone is 0.1-0.2km, and the total phosphorus rejection rate of the forest buffer zone is lower than 25%.
When the total nitrogen retention rate is 50%, the optimal width of the grassland buffer zone is 0.1-0.2km, the optimal width of the wetland buffer zone is 0.2-0.4km, the optimal width of the forest/grassland buffer zone is 0.2-0.4km, and the optimal width of the forest buffer zone is 0.8 km.
In summary, the target buffer zone can be set as follows:
scheme 1: extending from the water surface to the land direction to construct a wetland buffer zone with the width of 0-0.1km, and extending from the area to the land direction to construct a grassland buffer zone with the width of 0.1-0.2 km.
Scheme 2: extending from the water surface to the land direction to construct a forest/grassland buffer zone with a width of 0-0.1km, and extending from the area to the land direction to construct a grassland buffer zone with a width of 0.1-0.2 km.
Scheme 3: extending from the water surface to the land direction, constructing a habitat combining a wetland buffer zone and a forest/grassland buffer zone, wherein the width of the habitat is 0-0.1km, and extending from the region to the land direction again to construct a grassland buffer zone, wherein the width of the habitat is 0.1-0.2 km.
Comparing the pollution interception effects of the above schemes 1-3, the target buffer zone was finally set to:
extending from the water surface to the land direction, constructing a wetland buffer zone (the wetland buffer zone comprises the following plant choices of reed, cattail or other wetland vegetation mixtures) and a forest/grassland buffer zone (the forest/grassland buffer zone comprises the following plant choices of poplar and willow which are mainly planted with local native vegetation such as bermudagrass, vetch, humulus scandens, barnyard grass, phalaris and wormwood), wherein the optimal width is 0-0.1km, extending from the zone to the land direction, and constructing the grassland buffer zone (the grassland buffer zone comprises the following plant choices of bermudagrass, vetch, humulus scandens, phalaris and wormwood) with the optimal width of 0.1-0.2 km.
The wetland buffer zone is constructed by combining a forest/grassland buffer zone, and can be used for the species diversity of the brood lake buffer zone, providing habitats for native animals and plants, improving the surrounding environment, intercepting and reducing phosphorus pollution and the like; the grassland buffer zone has the main functions of preventing soil loss, purifying non-point source pollution, optimizing the structure of an ecosystem, intercepting nitrogen pollution and the like, and the target buffer zone construction scheme can greatly improve the purification capacity of the buffer zone in the brood lake, strengthen the ecological function and obviously improve the landscape pattern.
Example 3:
before a target buffer zone is constructed, the pollution interception rate of the buffer zone is preset to be 75%, and the preset width of the buffer zone is 0.5-0.9 km.
And (3) analysis: the preset pollution interception rate is 75%, that is, the total nitrogen interception rate and the total phosphorus interception rate are both 75%, as can be seen from the database in embodiment 1:
when the total phosphorus rejection rate is 75%, the optimal width of the wetland buffer zone is 0.2-0.3km, the optimal width of the forest/grassland buffer zone is 0.2-0.3km, the optimal width of the grassland buffer zone is 0.4-0.5km, and the total phosphorus rejection rate of the forest buffer zone is lower than 25%.
When the total nitrogen retention rate is 75%, the optimal width of the grassland buffer zone is 0.8-1km, the optimal widths of the wetland buffer zone and the forest/grassland buffer zone are both more than 1km, and the forest buffer zone is almost impossible.
In summary, the target buffer zone can be set as follows:
scheme 4: extending from the water surface to the land direction to construct a wetland buffer zone with the width of 0.2-0.3km, and extending from the area to the land direction to construct a grassland buffer zone with the width of 0.3-0.6 km.
Scheme 5: extending from the water surface to the land direction to construct a forest/grassland buffer zone with a width of 0.2-0.3km, and extending from the zone to the land direction to construct a grassland buffer zone with a width of 0.3-0.6 km.
Scheme 6: extending from the water surface to the land direction, constructing a habitat combining a wetland buffer zone and a forest/grassland buffer zone, wherein the width of the habitat is 0.2-0.3km, and extending from the region to the land direction again to construct a grassland buffer zone, and the width of the habitat is 0.3-0.6 km.
In contrast to the contamination rejection effect of schemes 4-6 above, the target buffer zone was finally set to:
extending from the water surface to the land, constructing a wetland buffer zone (the wetland buffer zone comprises the following plant choices of reed, cattail or other wetland vegetation mixtures) and a forest/grassland buffer zone (the forest/grassland buffer zone comprises the following plant choices of poplar and willow which are mainly planted with local native vegetation such as bermudagrass, vetch, humulus scandens, cockspur grass, phalaris and wormwood), wherein the optimal width is 0.2-0.3km, and extending from the area to the land, constructing the grassland buffer zone (the grassland buffer zone comprises the following plant choices of bermudagrass, vetch, humulus scandens, cockspur grass, phalaris and wormwood) with the optimal width of 0.3-0.6 km.
The wetland buffer zone is constructed by combining a forest/grassland buffer zone, and can be used for the species diversity of the brood lake buffer zone, providing habitats for native animals and plants, improving the surrounding environment, intercepting and reducing phosphorus pollution and the like; the grassland buffer zone has the main functions of preventing soil loss, purifying non-point source pollution, optimizing the structure of an ecosystem, intercepting nitrogen pollution and the like, and the target buffer zone construction scheme can greatly improve the purification capacity of the buffer zone in the brood lake, strengthen the ecological function and obviously improve the landscape pattern.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (4)
1. A buffer zone construction mode and width defining method based on pollution interception is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for defining the width of the buffer zone comprises the following steps:
1) preparing four types of buffer zones of wetland, forest/grassland, forest and grassland, and respectively collecting rainwater to obtain a plurality of groups of collected water samples;
2) detecting the total phosphorus concentration and the total nitrogen concentration of a plurality of groups of collected water samples, calculating the rejection rate of each type of buffer zone to the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus under different widths, and counting to obtain a relational expression of the width of each buffer zone to the total nitrogen rejection rate and the total phosphorus rejection rate;
3) analyzing according to the preset total phosphorus rejection rate, total nitrogen rejection rate and preset width and the relational expression obtained in the step 2), selecting the corresponding type and width of the buffer zone, and constructing a target buffer zone;
in step 2), the relation between the width of each buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate comprises:
the width of the wetland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate have the following relational expression:
y1＝0.1804ln(x)+1.084；
the relationship between the width of the forest/lawn buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate is:
y1＝0.1169ln(x)+0.9688；
the total phosphorus rejection rate of the forest buffer zone is lower than 25%;
the relationship between the width of the grassland buffer zone and the total phosphorus rejection rate is as follows:
y1＝0.1426ln(x)+0.8549；
in the above formula, x is the width of the buffer zone, y1All are total phosphorus rejection rates;
in step 2), the relation between the width of each buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate comprises:
the width of the wetland buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate have a relational expression as follows:
y2＝0.128ln(x)+0.6887；
the relationship between the width of the forest/lawn buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is:
y2＝0.1288ln(x)+0.7001；
the relationship between the width of the forest buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is as follows:
y2＝0.1154ln(x)+0.5318；
the relationship between the width of the grassland buffer zone and the total nitrogen rejection rate is as follows:
y2＝0.1294ln(x)+0.744；
in the above formula, x is the width of the buffer zone, y2All are total nitrogen rejection.
2. The method for defining the buffer zone building mode and the width based on pollution interception according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the method for measuring the total nitrogen concentration comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the collected water sample, adding alkaline potassium persulfate, digesting for 40min at 121 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, standing for 1h, fixing the volume, and carrying out colorimetric calculation to obtain the total nitrogen concentration.
3. The method for defining the buffer zone building mode and the width based on pollution interception according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 2), the method for measuring the total phosphorus concentration comprises the following steps: and (3) adding 5% of potassium persulfate into the collected water sample, wrapping the pipe orifice with tin foil paper, digesting for 30min at 121 ℃, adding a color developing agent, shaking uniformly to react for 20min, and carrying out colorimetric detection on the phosphate concentration by a molybdenum blue colorimetric method to obtain the total phosphorus concentration.
4. The method for defining the buffer zone building mode and the width based on pollution interception according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 1), rainwater is collected for each type of buffer zone, a section with a gradient of 5-15% is selected during rainwater collection, the width of the section is 50m-1000m, rainwater collectors are arranged every 50m in an area through which surface runoff flows, and a plurality of groups of water samples are collected after heavy rain.
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