CN111152942B - Space debris protection system - Google Patents
Space debris protection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111152942B CN111152942B CN202010009996.8A CN202010009996A CN111152942B CN 111152942 B CN111152942 B CN 111152942B CN 202010009996 A CN202010009996 A CN 202010009996A CN 111152942 B CN111152942 B CN 111152942B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
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- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a space debris protection system which comprises an inflation unit and an airbag unit, wherein the airbag unit comprises a multilayer airbag, and the inflation unit inflates and deploys the multilayer airbag. The multilayer airbag in the protection system can be rapidly unfolded and deployed under the action of the inflation unit to form a multilayer flexible protection structure with large spacing, and the defense capacity to large-size space fragments can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of space debris protection, in particular to a space debris protection system.
Background
The current space debris protection design is mainly based on the principle of a Whipple rigid protection structure, the application of the Whipple rigid protection structure is mainly concentrated on large-scale spacecrafts such as manned spacecrafts and space stations, and the Whipple rigid protection structure is limited by factors such as the mass, the volume and the launching cost of the protection structure and can only effectively prevent millimeter-scale debris impact. However, in recent years, the space debris environment has been increasingly deteriorated, and the centimeter-sized debris is more than 50 ten thousand.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a space debris protection system that can improve the protection against large-sized space debris.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, it would be desirable to provide a space debris guard system that addresses the problem of the inability of conventional passive guard structures to protect against large-sized space debris.
The application provides a space debris protection system, including:
an inflation unit including a multilayer airbag, and an airbag unit that inflates and deploys the multilayer airbag.
Further, the multilayer air bag comprises a protective layer, an air-tight layer and at least two filling layers, the protective layer is located on the outer side of the multilayer air bag, the air-tight layer is located on the inner side of the protective layer and is adhered to the protective layer, and the at least two filling layers are located on the inner side of the multilayer air bag.
Further, the inflation unit is a tank inflation system, or a chemical reaction gas generation system, or a mixing system of the tank inflation system and the chemical reaction gas generation system.
Further, the inflatable air bag device further comprises a cylinder body, and the inflatable unit and the air bag unit are fixedly arranged in the cylinder body.
Further, still be equipped with the air chamber in the cylinder body, be equipped with on the air chamber with the disappointing hole that multilayer gasbag is linked together, make behind the gas in the inflatable unit through disappointing hole the inoxidizing coating, the air-tight layer with at least two filling layers aerify and expand in order to form the multilayer gasbag.
Furthermore, the protective layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth.
Furthermore, the filling layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth and aramid fiber cloth or made of ceramic fiber cloth and Kevlar fiber cloth.
Further, the total areal density of the protective layer and the at least two filler layers is not less than 2.78g/cm2。
Furthermore, after the multilayer airbag is inflated and in a deployed state, the distance between the protective layer and each filling layer is greater than 10cm, and the distance between the filling layer and each filling layer is greater than 10 cm.
Further, the time required for the multi-layered airbag to completely deploy from a folded state to an inflated state is less than 100 ms.
The utility model provides a space debris protection system, including inflating unit and gasbag unit, the inflating unit is arranged in inflating to the multilayer gasbag in the gasbag unit, and enable the multilayer gasbag to realize deploying fast, in order to form the multilayer, the flexible protective structure of big interval, this protective structure replaces traditional protective structure supporting member with gas filling, small has, light in weight, the characteristics that cost ratio is high, the flexible multilayer gasbag of high strength after the expansion can promote the abundant breakage and the speed reduction of space debris, the big protection interval that forms after the expansion can promote the abundant diffusion of debris cloud, the friction between gas and debris cloud still can promote the debris ablation and slow down in the multilayer gasbag, thereby promote the defense capacity to jumbo size space debris by a wide margin.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a space debris shielding system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the axial average velocity variation of the debris cloud under the conditions of gas pressures of 0MPa and 1.05MPa, respectively, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1 cylinder body, 2 inflation units, 3 protective layers, 4 filling layers, 5 airtight layers, 6 air chambers, 7 air release holes and 8 air bag units.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The application provides a space debris protection system, this space debris protection system specifically includes:
an inflation unit 2 and an airbag unit 8, the airbag unit 8 including a multilayer airbag, the inflation unit 2 inflating and deploying the multilayer airbag.
Here, the airbag unit 8 includes at least a multilayer airbag, which is an airbag having a multilayer structure; the inflation unit 2 and the airbag unit 8 are communicated with each other, the inflation unit 2 is used for simultaneously inflating each layer of airbag in the multilayer airbag, the multilayer airbag can be rapidly unfolded after inflation, the high-strength flexible characteristic of the multilayer airbag enables space fragments to be fully broken and decelerated, and gas in the multilayer airbag enables a large space to be formed between two adjacent layers, and the large space can promote full diffusion of fragment clouds.
Specifically, the airbag unit 8 in the present embodiment must have sufficient strength and be easily folded and sewn, and the airbag unit 8 can be configured such that the multilayer airbag structure is rapidly expanded and deployed without rupture, and can be sufficiently broken at the moment of incidence of a projectile, a kinetic weapon, or the like, and does not explode itself.
The multilayer airbag structure is generally in an uninflated state, namely in a folded and contracted state, once the multilayer airbag is threatened by the impact of space fragments, the multilayer airbag controls the inflation unit to rapidly inflate the multilayer airbag according to the instruction of the spacecraft detection system and enables the multilayer airbag to expand, the protection system is flexible and mobile in the whole process and is not limited by various bottleneck factors such as the overall layout of a spacecraft, the envelope size, rocket launching and the like, an additional supporting structure is not needed in the rapid inflation and expansion process of the protection system, and the defects of large size, large weight and low cost effectiveness ratio caused by the adoption of a traditional fixed externally-hung flexible protection structure supporting member are overcome.
The space debris protective system provided by the embodiment comprises an inflating unit 2 and an air bag unit 8, wherein the inflating unit 2 is used for inflating a multi-layer air bag in the air bag unit 8, and can realize rapid deployment of the multilayer air bag to form a flexible protection structure with large space, multiple layers and high strength, the protective structure replaces the traditional protective structure supporting member with gas filling, has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and high cost-effectiveness ratio, the multilayer air bag has the characteristic of high strength and flexibility, the space debris can be promoted to be fully crushed and decelerated after being unfolded, meanwhile, a large protection interval is formed between two adjacent layers, the sufficient diffusion of the debris cloud can be promoted, in addition, the friction between the gas in the multilayer air bag and the space debris cloud can also promote the ablation of the debris and further reduce the speed, therefore, the defense capability to large-size space debris is greatly improved, and the method has important significance for ensuring the space safety of the high-value spacecraft in China in the future.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the multilayer airbag includes a protective layer 3, an air-tight layer 5 and at least two filling layers 4, the protective layer 3 is located on the outer side of the multilayer airbag, the air-tight layer 5 is located on the inner side of the protective layer 3 and is adhered to the protective layer 3, and the at least two filling layers 4 are located on the inner side of the multilayer airbag.
Specifically, the protective layer 3 is located on the outermost side of the multilayer airbag, after the protective layer 3 is inflated by the inflation unit 2, the protective layer 3 expands and expands rapidly under the inflation condition, the protective layer 3 is used for carrying out primary crushing on ultra-high-speed impact objects such as shots and kinetic energy weapons and forming space fragment clouds, and meanwhile, the protective layer 3 also bears the internal pressure load of the inner airtight layer 5, and the protective layer 3 can be called as a reinforcing layer, so that the damage degree of secondary fragments generated on the protective layer 3 per se can be reduced as much as possible.
Preferably, the protective layer 3 in this embodiment is made of ceramic fiber cloth, where the ceramic fiber cloth is high-strength ceramic fiber cloth, such as Nextel cloth, basalt fiber cloth, Beta cloth, and of course, other materials with high specific strength and specific modulus are also possible. Wherein, when Nextel cloth is used, the surface density is preferably 0.6g/cm2。
Specifically, the airtight layer 5 is located on the inner side of the protective layer 3 and adhered to the protective layer 3, and the protective layer 3 is equivalently wrapped on the outer surface of the airtight layer 5. The airtight layer 5 in this embodiment is made of a material with low permeability, durability and flexibility, wherein the main criteria for selection are proper permeability and flexibility, so that the airtight layer 5 can be ensured to be airtight after inflation, but cannot explode after inflation and deployment.
Preferably, the airtight layer 5 in this embodiment is made of Combitherm material.
Specifically, at least two filling layers 4 are located on the inner side of the multilayer airbag, namely, on the inner side of the airtight layer 5, the filling layers 4 are used for intercepting, crushing and decelerating fragment clouds for multiple times, and the number of the specific filling layers 4 is required to be adjusted according to specific protection requirements and is generally not less than two layers.
Preferably, the filling layer 4 in this embodiment is made of ceramic fiber cloth and aramid fiber cloth, or made of ceramic fiber cloth and kevlar fiber cloth. Specifically, the ceramic fiber cloth is Nextel cloth, the aramid fiber cloth and the Kevlar fiber cloth are both high-strength materials, and when the Nextel cloth and the high-strength aramid fiber cloth are selected and combined to be made, the total areal density is 0.8 g/cm2And the surface density ratio of the Nextel cloth to the high-strength aramid fiber cloth is 3: 1.
so far, the mass ratio of the protective layer 3, the air-tight layer 5 and the filling layer 4 made of high-strength flexible materials such as ceramic fiber cloth, aramid fiber cloth, kevlar fiber cloth and Combitherm cloth in the airbag unit 8 of the embodiment is relatively large, wherein the multilayer high-strength flexible materials can promote the sufficient crushing and speed reduction of space fragments, the protective distance between adjacent layers of the multilayer airbag after being inflated and expanded is relatively large, the large protective distance can promote the sufficient diffusion of fragment clouds, the kinetic energy density of the fragment clouds can be reduced to the maximum extent, and therefore the protective efficiency is relatively high. Meanwhile, the gas medium in the multilayer air bag can also rub with the fragment cloud which moves at a super high speed in the space to generate huge heat, the kinetic energy of the fragment cloud is promoted to be converted into internal energy, the speed of the fragment cloud is greatly reduced, the temperature of the fragment cloud can reach thousands of degrees centigrade under the action of the converted internal energy, the temperature can promote the fragments to be completely melted and even gasified, thereby effectively reducing the destructive power of the fragments to the penetration of the spacecraft, as shown in figure 2, the pressure of a gas medium is under the condition of 0Mpa, that is, the axial average speed of the debris cloud remains constant with time in the absence of a gaseous medium, only a small portion of the debris at the head of the debris cloud melts, but when the pressure of the gas medium is 1.05Mpa, the gas and the fragment cloud are interacted, the axial average velocity of the debris cloud is gradually reduced over time, and almost all of the debris melts and undergoes a secondary phase change. In conclusion, the space debris protection system realizes the improvement of the defense capacity of large-size space debris under the comprehensive action of multilayer crushing deceleration, large-interval diffusion and gas ablation deceleration, and improves the survival capacity of the spacecraft.
Further, the gas filling unit 2 is a tank gas filling system, a chemical reaction gas generating system or a mixing system of the tank gas filling system and the chemical reaction gas generating system.
The inflating unit 2 is one of the three, and the inflating unit 2 in the embodiment can provide a gas medium source and a function of rapidly inflating the multilayer airbag. During inflation, a gas medium is conveyed according to the gas pressure and flow required by the actual multilayer airbag, wherein the gas medium needs to meet the basic requirements of small molecular weight, no pollution, no liquefaction at operating temperature and pressure, no reaction with the structure of the spacecraft and the like, preferably the gas medium is nitrogen, and preferably the inflation pressure is not less than 0.2 Mpa.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the inflatable air bag device further comprises a cylinder body 1, and the inflatable unit 2 and the air bag unit 8 are both fixedly installed in the cylinder body 1.
Specifically, this space piece protection system still includes cylinder body 1, and this cylinder body 1 should select for use be applicable to the special environment in space, satisfy the material of high strength, corrosion-resistant and light characteristic, and is preferred, adopts high strength aluminum alloy material.
The space debris protection system is fixedly connected to spacecraft carriers such as satellites through the cylinder body 1, particularly detection systems are arranged on the spacecraft carriers, when the detection systems detect that space threats such as bullets and the like are close to the spacecraft carriers, instructions are sent to the space debris protection system, and the inflation unit 2 is controlled to rapidly release gas and inflate to enable the multilayer airbag to expand and expand.
More specifically, the cylinder body 1 is used for installing the inflation unit 2 and also for accommodating and fixing the folded airbag unit 8, specifically, the protective layer 3, the air barrier 5 and the filling layer 4 in the airbag unit 8 are respectively and fixedly connected with the cylinder body 1 through fixing rings, wherein the air barrier 5 and the cylinder body 1 are sealed by using a sealant, so that the airtightness of the whole multilayer airbag after the inflation unit 2 is inflated can be ensured by the protective layer 3, the air barrier 5 and the filling layer 4.
Further, still be equipped with air chamber 6 in the cylinder body 1, be equipped with on the air chamber 6 with the disappointing hole 7 that multilayer gasbag is linked together, make behind the gas passage disappointing hole 7 among the inflatable unit 2 the inoxidizing coating 3, airtight layer 5 and at least two filling layer 4 aerify and expand in order to form the multilayer gasbag.
As shown in fig. 1, the space debris protection system adopts a symmetrical structure, that is, the system comprises two cylinder bodies 1 which are bilaterally symmetrical, an inflation unit 2 is fixedly installed at the middle position of each cylinder body 1, two air chambers 6 which are bilaterally symmetrical are also arranged in each cylinder body 1, each air chamber 6 is communicated with the inflation unit 2 at the corresponding side, a multi-layer airbag is fixedly installed at the middle position of the two air chambers 6 in the cylinder body 1, each air chamber 6 is also provided with a deflation hole 7 communicated with the multi-layer airbag, specifically, the multi-layer airbag is inflated to sequentially form a first chamber between a protective layer 3 and a filling layer 4, a second chamber between the filling layer 4 and a third chamber between the filling layer 4 and the protective layer 3 from top to bottom, each air chamber 6 is provided with deflation holes 7 respectively communicated with the first chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber, that is, one air chamber 6 is provided with three deflation holes 7, the two air chambers 6 have six air release holes 7. When a threat object such as a projectile appears, a carrier such as a spacecraft controls the gas in the two inflation units 2 in the protection system to pass through the six air leakage holes 7, so that the protection layer 3, the air-tight layer 5 and the two filling layers 4 are inflated and rapidly unfolded to form a multilayer airbag structure.
It should be noted that, in the inflation and deployment process of the protective layer 3, the air-tight layer 5 and the two filling layers 4, the upper and lower cylinder bodies 1 move in opposite directions, and the dynamic quantity of the protective system becomes zero, thereby ensuring the stability of the movement state of the protective system.
Preferably, the multilayer air bag structure can effectively protect 1.35 cm-diameter space debris from impact caused by movement at the speed of 7 km/s.
Further, the total areal density of the protective layer 3 and the at least two filler layers 4 is not less than 2.78g/cm2It can be seen that the larger the total areal density of the flexible material in the multilayer airbag structure is, the larger the mass occupied in the protection system is, so that the protection system has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high cost effectiveness ratio, rapid deployment and the like.
Further, after the multilayer airbag is inflated and in a deployed state, the distance between the protective layer 3 and each filling layer 4 is greater than 10cm, and the distance between the filling layer 4 and each filling layer 4 is greater than 10 cm.
Specifically, since there are at least two filling layers 4, as in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, since there are two filling layers 4, the distance between the upper protective layer 3 and the filling layer 4 formed by inflating the multi-layer airbag is preferably 10.7cm, the distance between the middle filling layer 4 and the filling layer 4 formed is preferably 10.7cm, and the distance between the lower filling layer 4 and the protective layer 3 formed is also preferably 10.7 cm. The limited distance is more than 10cm, so that the protective layer 3, the airtight layer 5 and the filling layer 4 can be rapidly unfolded under the action of the inflation unit to form a multi-layer air bag with a large distance, wherein the sufficient large distance can effectively promote the sufficient diffusion of fragment clouds, the running speed of the fragment clouds can be reduced to the maximum extent, and further the kinetic energy impact protection on large-size threats such as bullets and the like is realized.
Further, the time required for the multi-layered airbag to completely deploy from a folded state to an inflated state is less than 100 ms.
Specifically, the multilayer airbag has the characteristics of easy folding and sewing, different folding schemes of the multilayer airbag correspondingly have different inflation pressures and volume time courses, and the difference of the folding schemes determines whether the inflatable unit can rapidly and reliably expand the multilayer airbag according to the actual engineering requirements. In order to meet the requirement of rapid unfolding, the multi-layer airbag in the embodiment selects Z-shaped folding, and the time required from the folded state to the fully unfolded state after inflation is only 60 ms. Therefore, no matter which type of folding mode is adopted by the multilayer airbag, as long as the unfolding time of the multilayer airbag is shorter, the multilayer airbag can complete inflation unfolding deployment more quickly, and therefore rapid breaking and deceleration of an impact object are achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A space debris guard system, comprising:
an inflation unit and an airbag unit, the airbag unit including a multilayer airbag, the inflation unit inflating and deploying the multilayer airbag; the multilayer airbag comprises a protective layer, an air-tight layer and at least two filling layers, wherein the protective layer is positioned on the outer side of the multilayer airbag, the air-tight layer is positioned on the inner side of the protective layer and is adhered to the protective layer, and the at least two filling layers are positioned on the inner side of the multilayer airbag; the protective layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth, the filling layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth and aramid fiber cloth or made of ceramic fiber cloth and Kevlar fiber cloth,
still include the cylinder body, aerify the unit with the equal fixed mounting of gasbag unit in the cylinder body, still be equipped with the air chamber in the cylinder body, form one from last to down in proper order after the multilayer gasbag aerifys the inoxidizing coating and one cavity between the filling layer one, one filling layer and another cavity two, another between the filling layer and another cavity three between the inoxidizing coating, every be equipped with on the air chamber with the cavity one cavity two with the hole of disappointing of cavity three difference intercommunication, one have three on the air chamber the hole of disappointing.
2. The space debris guard system of claim 1,
the inflation unit is a storage tank inflation system, or a chemical reaction gas generation system, or a mixing system of the storage tank inflation system and the chemical reaction gas generation system.
3. The space debris guard system of claim 1,
the air chamber is provided with a gas release hole communicated with the multilayer airbag, and the protective layer, the air-tight layer and the at least two filling layers are inflated and expanded to form the multilayer airbag after gas in the inflation unit passes through the gas release hole.
4. The space debris guard system of claim 2, wherein the protective layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth.
5. The space debris guard system of claim 2, wherein the filler layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth and aramid fiber cloth, or ceramic fiber cloth and Kevlar fiber cloth.
6. The space debris guard system of claim 2, wherein the total areal density of the guard layer and the at least two packing layers is not less than 2.78g/cm2。
7. The space debris shielding system of claim 2, wherein the distance between the protective layer and each of the packing layers is greater than 10cm and the distance between the packing layers is greater than 10cm when the multi-layer air bag is inflated and in the deployed state.
8. The space debris guard system of claim 1 wherein the time required for the multi-layered air bag to fully deploy from a folded state to an inflated, fully deployed state is less than 100 ms.
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| CN114455099A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-10 | 航天科工空间工程发展有限公司 | Space debris protection structure for spacecraft and preparation method thereof |
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