CN109737827B - Pneumatic speed reducer and sub-level structure - Google Patents
Pneumatic speed reducer and sub-level structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109737827B CN109737827B CN201910140762.4A CN201910140762A CN109737827B CN 109737827 B CN109737827 B CN 109737827B CN 201910140762 A CN201910140762 A CN 201910140762A CN 109737827 B CN109737827 B CN 109737827B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic speed reducing device and a sub-level structure, wherein the pneumatic speed reducing device comprises a pneumatic head and at least one ablation-preventing layer, and the sub-level structure comprises the pneumatic speed reducing device. The pneumatic head is an inflatable air bag which can be changed between a furled state and an unfolding state, the air bag is in a revolving body shape when in the unfolding state, so that the air bag is in a symmetrical structure after being inflated, the pneumatic head has good pneumatic stability, the landing position of the arrow body is in a controllable range, and the arrow body is convenient to recycle. Besides the heat insulation performance, the ablation-preventing layer can absorb a large amount of heat during vaporization, so that the temperature of the environment where the air bag is positioned is reduced, the air bag can not be burnt out during flying at high altitude and high temperature, and the air bag can slow down an arrow body at high altitude and high temperature; the air bag has the advantages that the air bag has the folding property, the occupied space and weight of the air bag on the arrow body are reduced, the air-driven rotating speed device can start to decelerate the arrow body from the moment that the arrow body just enters the atmosphere, and the structure of the decelerating device is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace of solid carrier rockets, in particular to a pneumatic speed reducer and a sub-level structure.
Background
In the process of returning different trajectory, the sub-level structure of the solid carrier rocket is separated from the upper pole structure, and then the sub-level structure can continuously rise to the outside of the atmosphere to fly for a period of time under the action of inertia, and then returns to the atmosphere of the earth, so that the solid carrier rocket is landed on the ground. The prior sub-level structure mainly comprises an arrow body, a front section structure arranged at the front end of the arrow body and a rear section structure arranged at the rear section of the arrow body. The front section structure mainly comprises a speed reducer, a navigation guidance and control system, a gesture control system and other devices. When the sub-level structure returns to the earth atmosphere to land downwards, the friction resistance between the deceleration device and the external air is increased, so that the flying speed of the sub-level structure is reduced, and the sub-level structure is landed on the ground safely.
Because the sub-level structure flies at a high speed in the high air entering the atmosphere, the rocket body rubs with the atmosphere to generate a large amount of heat, the heat enables the environment where the rocket body is positioned to be a high-temperature environment, the speed reducer is easy to burn at a high temperature, the speed reducer is required to have a certain ablation resistance, but the existing parachute cannot resist the high temperature, and is easy to burn in the high-temperature environment; when the sub-level structure descends to a low altitude, particularly when the sub-level structure is landed on the ground, the speed reducing device is required to have a certain flexible buffer function so as to prevent the speed reducing device from directly and rigidly striking the ground to damage an arrow body. In addition, be convenient for retrieve the arrow body, still need reduction gear to be better in the pneumatic stability of deceleration in-process, otherwise the position randomness after the arrow body lands is too big, is inconvenient for retrieving the arrow body.
In order to meet the above-mentioned requirement for a speed reducer, the speed reducer in the prior art is generally provided with a speed reducer for decelerating the arrow body at a high temperature and a parachute for decelerating and landing the arrow body at a low altitude. The reducer is provided with a rigid heat-resistant large blunt end, and the diameter of the large blunt end is gradually increased along the axial direction of the reducer from the head part to the tail part and is in a symmetrical structure so as to increase the resistance of the large blunt end and the flying stability; meanwhile, the big blunt tip is made of rigid and high-temperature resistant materials, so that the rigid speed reducer can reduce the speed of the arrow body in a high-altitude high-temperature environment, when the arrow body descends to a low altitude, the parachute is unfolded and sleeved on the front ends of the big heat-resistant blunt tip and the arrow body, the parachute plays a buffering role in landing of the arrow body, and the installation landing of the arrow body is realized.
In order to enable the speed reducer to have the required pneumatic stability, ablation resistance and landing buffering performance in the speed reducer speed reducing process, the speed reducer with the rigid heat-resistant large blunt tip and the parachute are required to be arranged independently, but the two types of speed reducers are combined, so that the whole speed reducer is complex in structure; especially, the rigid heat-proof speed-reducing head can not be folded and stored, and the occupied space is large, so that the weight borne by the arrow body is large, and the cost required by recovering the arrow body is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the existing speed reducer has the defects of complex structure, heavy weight borne by the arrow body and high cost.
To this end, the invention provides a pneumatic reduction gear comprising
A pneumatic head, which is an inflatable air bag capable of changing between a furled state and a deployed state; the air bag is in a revolving body shape and can be suitable for being covered on an arrow body when in the unfolding state, and the diameter of the air bag is gradually increased along the axial direction of the air bag from the windward side of the air bag to the leeward side of the air bag;
At least one ablation-preventing layer is arranged on the outer wall surface of the air bag.
Optionally, the pneumatic speed reducer further comprises at least one heat insulation layer arranged between the outer wall surface of the air bag and the ablation preventing layer.
Optionally, in the pneumatic speed reducer, the air bag includes a head and a reverse cone provided at a distal end of the head; the bus of the head is a smooth curve.
Optionally, in the pneumatic speed reducer, the head is spherical.
Optionally, in the pneumatic speed reducing device, the air bags include at least two branch air bags connected end to end in sequence along the circumferential direction of the air bags;
The two adjacent branch air bags are sealed and separated, and each branch air bag is provided with an inflation inlet.
Optionally, in the pneumatic speed reducer, any two adjacent branch air bags are sealed and separated by a flexible rib arranged in the air bags; or alternatively
At least one flexible rib is arranged in the air bag, the flexible rib spans all the air bags along the circumferential direction of the air bag, or at least one flexible rib is arranged in any air bag.
Optionally, in the pneumatic speed reducer, when at least one flexible rib is disposed in the air bag, the flexible rib spans all the air bags along the circumferential direction of the air bag, or at least one flexible rib is disposed in any air bag;
the number of the flexible ribs is at least two, and all the flexible ribs are arranged on the pneumatic head in a stacking manner along the axial direction of the pneumatic head.
Optionally, in the pneumatic speed reducer, the pneumatic head is adapted to be fixed on the arrow body through a rigid connecting piece embedded in a concave area surrounded by the leeward surface;
the recessed region of the balloon is adapted to house the rigid connector and the head of the arrow.
Alternatively, in the pneumatic reduction device, the rigid connection member is adapted to be telescopically disposed on the arrow body along the axial direction of the air bag by a telescopic assembly.
The invention provides a sub-level structure, which is characterized by comprising
An arrow body;
the pneumatic speed reducer of any one of the above, provided on the arrow body, wherein the airbag is adapted to be covered outside the head of the arrow body when in a deployed state.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. The application provides a pneumatic speed reducing device, which comprises a pneumatic head and at least one ablation-preventing layer, wherein the pneumatic head is an inflatable air bag which can be changed between a furled state and an unfolded state; the air bag is in a revolving body shape when in the unfolding state, and is suitable for being covered on an arrow body, the diameter of the air bag is gradually increased along the axial direction of the air bag from the windward side of the air bag to the leeward side of the air bag, so that the air bag is axisymmetric after being inflated, the air bag has good pneumatic stability in the flying process, and the landing position of the arrow body belongs to a controllable range, thereby being convenient for the recovery of the arrow body. The anti-ablation layer is arranged on the outer wall surface of the air bag, and can absorb a large amount of heat during vaporization besides the heat insulation performance of the anti-ablation layer so as to reduce the temperature of the environment where the air bag is positioned, even if the anti-ablation layer is burnt out, the anti-ablation layer can take away a certain amount of heat, and reduce the temperature of the environment where the air bag is positioned, so that the air bag cannot be burnt out when flying in high altitude and high temperature, and the air bag can decelerate an arrow body in high altitude and high temperature; and play the cushioning effect to the arrow body when low altitude landing, the gasbag can be in the furling state before not inflating, reduces the space and the weight that the gasbag occupy on the arrow body. That is, only one pneumatic speed reducing device of the application is required to be arranged at the front end of the arrow body, and the pneumatic speed reducing device starts to reduce the speed of the arrow body from the moment the arrow body just enters the atmosphere until the arrow body lands on the ground, so that the structure of the existing speed reducing device is simplified.
2. The pneumatic speed reducing device provided by the invention further comprises at least one heat insulating layer arranged between the outer wall surface of the air bag and the ablation preventing layer, and a plurality of heat insulating layers are arranged, so that the high temperature resistance of the air bag in a high-altitude high-temperature environment is further improved, and the air bag can be reduced in the high-temperature environment even if ablation preventing is performed.
3. The invention provides a pneumatic speed reducing device, wherein an air bag comprises a head and an inverted cone arranged at the tail end of the head; the bus of the head is a smooth curve, so that the pneumatic stability of the air bag is further improved.
4. The invention provides a pneumatic speed reducer, wherein an air bag comprises at least two air bags which are sequentially connected end to end along the circumferential direction of the air bag; adjacent two the branch air bags seal and separate, every be equipped with the inflation inlet on the branch air bag, a plurality of branch air bags mutually independent, even the sealing of some branch air bags is poor, also can not influence the gas tightness of other branch air bags, further improves the gas tightness of gasbag, prolongs its life.
5. According to the pneumatic speed reducer provided by the invention, two adjacent air bags are sealed and separated by the flexible rib, or the flexible rib spans all the air bags along the circumferential direction of the air bags, or at least one flexible rib is arranged in any air bag. The flexible ribs limit the shape of the air bag, and strengthen the impact force of the air bag against the outside, so that the pneumatic head has stable structure and higher strength, keeps good pneumatic shape, and further improves the pneumatic stability of the air bag.
6. According to the pneumatic speed reducing device provided by the invention, the pneumatic head is fixed on the arrow body through the rigid connecting piece embedded in the concave area surrounded by the leeward surface; the concave area of the air bag is suitable for covering the front ends of the rigid connecting piece and the arrow body, and the air bag plays a role in heat protection on the front ends of the rigid connecting piece and the arrow body in a high-temperature and high-altitude environment, so that the front ends of the rigid connecting piece and the arrow body are not directly contacted with the outside at high temperature.
7. The invention provides a sub-level structure, which comprises an arrow body and any one of the pneumatic speed reducing devices, so that the sub-level structure is light in weight and compact in structure, and an air bag has good pneumatic stability, so that the landing position of the arrow body after landing is in a controllable range, and the arrow body can be recycled conveniently.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sub-level structure provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the pneumatic reduction gear provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention in the front view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pneumatic head of the pneumatic reduction device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the pneumatic head of the pneumatic reduction device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a pneumatic head of the pneumatic reduction device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the telescoping rod, rigid connection and arrow in the pneumatic reduction gear of the neutron level structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the telescopic rod of FIG. 6;
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a pneumatic head; 11-head; 12-reverse taper; 13-ballonets; 14-flexible ribs;
2-a rigid connection;
31-a heat insulation layer; 32-an ablation-preventing layer;
41-a first lever; 42-a second lever; 43-elastic locking member;
5-umbrella bag;
6-arrow body.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a pneumatic speed reducing device, which comprises a pneumatic head 1, a plurality of layers of heat insulation layers 31, an anti-ablation layer 32 and a rigid connecting piece 2 as shown in fig. 1 to 7.
Wherein the air-operated head 1 is an inflatable air bag which can be changed between a furled state and an unfolding state; the air bag is in a revolving body shape when in an unfolding state and is suitable for being covered outside the head of the arrow body, and the diameter of the air bag when in the unfolding state is gradually increased along the axial direction from the windward side of the air bag to the leeward side of the air bag. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the balloon comprises a head 11 and a reverse taper 12 provided at the end of the head 11, the head 11 is in the shape of a spherical cap, and the diameter of the balloon is gradually increased from the head toward the reverse taper along the axial direction thereof, so that the balloon has a large blunt end with a symmetrical structure, a large resistance coefficient and good running stability.
As shown in fig. 3, when inflated, in the projection view of the vertical plane (the plane where the Y axis and the Z axis are located) of the air head 1, the inverted cone 12 is in an inverted trapezoid shape, and the edges where the two waists of the inverted trapezoid are located are in tangential transition with the end of the head 11, so that the appearance of the air head 1 is in a streamline shape with smooth transition, and the air bag better meets the requirements of the aerodynamic deceleration appearance and the aerodynamic stability.
The leeward surface of the air bag surrounds a concave area, the air bag is suitable for being fixed on an arrow body through a rigid connecting piece 2 embedded in the concave area, and the rigid connecting piece 2 is cylindrical and made of a high-temperature-resistant rigid material, such as a high-temperature-resistant stainless steel tube. As shown in fig. 1, one end of the rigid connecting piece 2 is fixed on the front end of the arrow body 6, the other end is sequentially and hermetically penetrated on the leeward surface and the windward surface of the head 11, and the axis of the rigid connecting piece 2 is coincident with the axis of the pneumatic head 1, so that the pneumatic head 1 is symmetrically distributed on the rigid connecting piece 2, and the rigid connecting piece 2 plays a supporting and fixing role on the air bag, so that the leeward surface of the air bag is limited by the rigid connecting piece 2 under the action of external air, the air bag further can maintain a symmetrical appearance structure, and the pneumatic stability of the air bag is further improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the reverse cone 12 covers the rigid connection member 2 and the front end of the arrow body, or the reverse cone 12 covers more parts of the arrow body, a plurality of heat insulation layers and ablation prevention layers (mentioned below) are arranged on the outer wall surface of the air bag, and the air bag covers the rigid connection member, so that the air bag plays a role in heat protection on the rigid connection member 2, and the rigid connection member 2 is prevented from being directly contacted with the external high-temperature environment.
In order to make the pneumatic head 1 have better pneumatic stability, the position of the pneumatic head when landing is convenient to be in a controllable range, an adjusting component (not shown in the figure) is further arranged on the arrow body 6, and the posture of the air bag in the unfolding state is adjusted, so that the air bag is in a symmetrical structure.
The adjustment assembly corresponds to a Reaction Control System (RCS) or a gesture control system. For example, the adjusting assembly includes a gas supply mechanism and a plurality of gas nozzles, for example, the gas supply mechanism is a high-pressure gas cylinder provided on the arrow body 6, and the high-pressure gas cylinder stores high-pressure gas. The air ejector tubes are arranged and fixed on the bulkhead of the rocket body and are positioned in the inner cavity of the rocket body and are connected with the air outlet pipeline of the high-pressure air cylinder, the nozzles of the air ejector tubes are used for ejecting high-pressure air to the openings on the bulkhead, and after the high-pressure air is ejected out of the openings, reaction force is generated on the bulkhead to drive the rocket body to move, so that the movement of the air bag fixed on the rocket body is changed, and the air bag spreading posture is adjusted. The air outlet pipe of the high-pressure air bottle is provided with a valve, and the air inlet close to the air jet pipe is provided with a flow control valve, so that the air jet pipe can conveniently adjust the driving force of the bulkhead, and the flow control valve is an electromagnetic valve or a stop valve.
In addition, the pneumatic head 1 may be made of nylon or other flexible materials, such as carbon fiber. Meanwhile, the spray pipe is arranged in the inner cavity of the rigid connecting piece 2, so that the speed reducing device is compact in structure.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of heat insulation layers 31 are provided on the outer wall surface of the air head 1, for example, three heat insulation layers 31 are provided, and the three heat insulation layers 31 are respectively made of metal foil, carbon cloth and ceramic fiber, or aramid fiber, aramid fiber and woven ceramic fabric. Or the three heat insulation layers 31 are all metal foils, and the three heat insulation layers 31 are all ceramic fibers or ceramic fabrics and the like. For example, the ceramic fiber may be composed of alumina, silica, diboron trioxide or the like in a desired ratio, and the ratio may be not limited as long as the ceramic fiber can be prepared.
Or the heat insulating layer 31 may be two layers, one layer, four layers, five layers, etc., and the specific number of layers is according to actual requirements. The more the number of layers of the heat insulating layer 31 is, the more the heat protecting effect on the air head 1 is. Optionally, the heat insulation layers 31 are fixed with the outer wall surface of the pneumatic head 1 through adhesive bonding, and the heat insulation layers 31 of two adjacent layers are also fixed through adhesive bonding. Or the heat insulation layer 31 with the required thickness is directly formed on the outer wall surface of the pneumatic head 1 by adopting other modes, such as spraying, and after the heat insulation layer 31 of the previous layer is solidified, the heat insulation layer 31 of the next layer is coated.
As shown in fig. 2, at least one ablation preventing layer 32 is disposed on the outer wall surface of the outermost insulating layer 31, for example, one or two or more ablation preventing layers 32 are disposed, and the ablation preventing layers 32 may be made of epoxy resin materials. Optionally, the anti-ablation layer 32 is coated on the heat insulation layer 31, and when the pneumatic speed reducer is used for a period of time, if part of the anti-ablation layer is burnt out, the anti-ablation layer can be coated on the burnt-out position, so that the anti-ablation layer of the air bag has repairability, and the air bag can be reused. As a variant, other high molecular polymers or fibers may be used for the ablation preventing layer 32. Such as carbon fibers, or carbon nanotube fibers, etc.
The ablation-preventing layer 32 plays a role in preventing the pneumatic head 1 from being ablated, so that the air bag can decelerate an arrow body in a high-altitude high-temperature environment; meanwhile, the multi-layer heat insulation layer 31 further enhances the heat insulation function between the air bag and the external high-temperature environment, so that the heat in the external environment cannot directly act on the air bag; even if the ablation-preventing layer 32 is burnt out, the multi-layer heat-insulating layer can still insulate the air bag, so that the temperature of the air bag is far lower than the burnt-out temperature of the air bag, and the pneumatic speed reducing device has a required heat protection function, and can reduce the speed of the arrow body 6 from the high altitude and high temperature just entering the atmosphere until the air bag safely lands. In addition, since the outer periphery of the rigid connection member 2 is surrounded by the air bag, when the air head 1 decelerates in the high-altitude high-temperature environment, the ablation preventing layer 32 and the heat insulating layer 31 on the air bag also play a role in heat protection of the rigid connection member 2.
For the air bag, as shown in fig. 4, the air bag comprises a plurality of air bags 13 which are connected end to end in turn along the circumferential direction, two adjacent air bags 13 are sealed and separated, and each air bag 13 is provided with an inflation inlet.
For example, the windward side and the leeward side of the air bag are respectively formed by a first flexible plate and a second flexible plate which are in a whole, and then the first flexible plate and the second flexible plate are woven or sewed and fixed together in a similar manner to sewing, and a plurality of air bags 13 which are mutually sealed and isolated are formed along the circumferential direction. That is, the "fixing slits" of the adjacent two airbags 13 fix and seal the two airbags 13 apart.
Each air bag 13 is provided with an air charging port, each air charging port is connected with an air charging device through a first pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged on the first pipeline to control whether the air charging device charges air into the air bags 13. For example, the inflator is a high-pressure air charge bottle provided on the arrow body 6. The plurality of branch air bags 13 are inflated independently, and even if one branch air bag 13 leaks, the air tightness of the other branch air bags 13 is not affected, and the speed reduction effect can be still achieved, so that the safety of the pneumatic speed reducer is increased. Optimally, the air charging port is arranged on the leeward surface of the lower air bag, so that the air charging port is closer to a high-pressure air charging bottle arranged on the rocket body. In addition, in the inflation process, the inflation ports at symmetrical positions need to be inflated simultaneously.
To further improve the pneumatic stability of the balloon, a plurality of flexible ribs 14 are included within the balloon. For example, the flexible ribs 14 are annular, the flexible ribs 14 penetrate the air bags along the circumferential direction of the air bags, one annular flexible rib can span all the air bags 13, when the plurality of annular flexible ribs 14 are arranged, the plurality of flexible ribs 14 are arranged in a stacked mode in the axial direction of the air bags, the supporting effect on the air bags is achieved, the appearance of the inflated air bags can be kept symmetrical, the external impact force can be borne, and the pneumatic stability is better.
Or, for another example, all the flexible ribs 14, the flexible ribs 14 are annular, wherein the flexible ribs 14 provided at the head 11 are annular; the longitudinal section of the flexible rib 14 arranged on the inverted cone 12 is inverted trapezoid, and the longitudinal section of the inverted cone 12 is inverted trapezoid, so that the flexible rib 14 with the inverted trapezoid longitudinal section can be more matched with the structure of the inverted cone, and the flexible rib is arranged on the pneumatic head without changing the structure of the pneumatic head, and plays a supporting role. Or the flexible ribs 14 with different shapes can be independently arranged in one supporting air bag 13 to independently support each supporting air bag 13, so that the appearance of the air bag is further controllable, and the symmetrical structure and the pneumatic stability of the pneumatic head 1 can be maintained in the whole deceleration process.
Or the flexible ribs 14 are provided directly between the windward side and the leeward side of each of the air bags 13, as shown in fig. 5, the shape of the flexible ribs is not limited. For example, the flexible ribs may be cylindrical, or may be plate-shaped. The flexible ribs are generally formed by thin steel wires or other materials, and only have flexibility and certain rigidity to support the air bag so that the air bag keeps a symmetrical structure and can keep symmetry under external impact force. The flexible ribs are arranged, so that the ground impact resistance of the air bag is enhanced, the pneumatic stability of the whole air bag is high, and the air bag has a good pneumatic appearance.
Or the above-mentioned "fixing seam" between two adjacent air bags 13 is connected by flexible rib seal, it is not necessary to set flexible rib in every air bag, and it can also play a supporting role for air bag and can strengthen its effect of strength.
The air bag is mainly changed between a furled state and an unfolding state through an inflating device, the inflating device can be a high-pressure air bottle fixed on the rocket body 6, and an air outlet of the high-pressure air bottle is connected with an inflating opening. Or the inflating device comprises a high-pressure inflating bottle and a compressor, the inflating device is matched with the high-pressure inflating bottle and the compressor to inflate the supporting air bag 13, the high-pressure inflating bottle is adopted to inflate the supporting air bag 13 before the sub-level structure enters the atmosphere, the compressor is adopted to inflate the sub-level structure after the sub-level structure enters the atmosphere, or the compressor is adopted to inflate the high-pressure inflating bottle, and the high-pressure inflating bottle is still adopted to inflate the supporting air bag 13, so that the air bag is switched from a furled state to an unfolding state; in contrast, when the air in the air bag needs to be exhausted, the air in the air bag can be reversely pumped back into the high-pressure air bottle, or the air bag is provided with an exhaust port for exhausting the air in the air bag, so that the air bag is switched to a folded state from an unfolding state, and the exhaust port is correspondingly provided with a detachable sealing cover.
The telescopic assembly is arranged on the arrow body 6 in a telescopic way through the rigid connecting piece 2, and as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the telescopic assembly comprises a plurality of telescopic rods which are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rigid connecting piece 2, one end of each telescopic rod is connected with the rigid connecting piece 2, and the other end of each telescopic rod is connected with the front end of the arrow body 6.
For each telescopic rod, as shown in fig. 7, each telescopic rod includes a first rod 41, a second rod 42 and an elastic locking member 43, and for convenience of illustration, both ends of the first rod 41 are respectively denoted as a first end and a second end, and both ends of the second rod 42 are respectively denoted as a third end and a fourth end. The first end of the first bar 41 is fixed to the rigid connection 2, for example in a hinged manner, the third end of the second bar 42 is sleeved on the second end of the first bar 41, and the fourth end of the second bar 42 is fixed to the arrow body 6, for example also in a hinged manner.
In the overlapping region where the first rod 41 and the second rod 42 are sleeved, a plurality of first openings 421 are formed in the side wall of the second rod 42 at intervals, and elastic locking members 43 are radially protruded from the outer wall surface of the first rod 41, for example, the elastic locking members 43 are elastic protrusions or plungers, when the first rod 41 is driven by a driving force (mentioned below), the first rod 41 moves away from the second rod 42, the elastic locking members 43 are compressed and slide in the second rod 42, when the first rod 41 is extended outwards to a position, the elastic locking members 43 are located at the position of one first opening 421, and the elastic locking members 43 are ejected into the first openings 421 by releasing the compression amount, so that the first rod 41 and the second rod 42 are locked.
Alternatively, in order to enhance the connection firmness of the first rod 41 and the second rod 42, a plurality of elastic locking members are arranged in the axial direction of the first rod 41, and when the first rod 41 slides in place, the elastic locking members are ejected into the first holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; alternatively, a plurality of elastic locking members may be disposed in the circumferential direction of the first rod 41, and a plurality of first openings may be disposed in the circumferential direction of the second rod 42, thereby enhancing the connection firmness of the first rod 41 and the second rod 42.
In addition, the pneumatic speed reducer further comprises an umbrella bag 5, before the air bag is not inflated, the umbrella bag 5 is fixed on the front end of the arrow body 6 through an explosion bolt, a cabin is arranged at the front end of the arrow body, a containing cavity is formed between the cabin and the umbrella bag, and the folded air bag is arranged in the umbrella bag 5. When the air bag is required to be unfolded, the explosion bolt explodes first, the explosion bolt releases the locking force between the umbrella bag and the front end of the rocket body, then the high-pressure gas is released from the high-pressure gas cylinder on the rocket body, the high-pressure gas drives the umbrella bag to be separated from the front end of the rocket body, or the umbrella bag is pulled by arranging a small rocket to separate the umbrella bag from the front end of the rocket body 6, the umbrella bag 5 and the air bag are connected through a traction component, for example, the traction component is flexible high-temperature-resistant steel wire, when the umbrella bag 5 stretches out far from the rocket body 6, the driving force is applied to the air bag, the air bag and the rigid connecting piece 2 are driven to be pulled out from the front end of the rocket body 6, and the rigid connecting piece 2 stretches out simultaneously, the first rod 41 is driven to stretch out, and the telescopic rod is in a stretching state; the respective airbags 13 are inflated by the corresponding inflator, so that the airbags are switched from the initial state of being folded and stored in the umbrella bag 5 to the deployment state. Or the umbrella bag may be replaced with a high pressure sleeve.
According to the pneumatic speed reducing device of the embodiment, firstly, the heat insulation layer 31 and the ablation prevention layer 32 are arranged on the outer wall surface of the air bag, and because the ablation prevention layer can absorb a large amount of heat during vaporization besides the heat insulation performance of the ablation prevention layer, the temperature of the environment where the air bag is positioned can be reduced, even if the ablation prevention layer is burnt out, a certain amount of heat can be taken away, the temperature of the environment where the air bag is positioned can be reduced, and when the air bag can be used in a high-altitude high-temperature environment, the air bag can not be burnt out, and the air bag can reduce the speed of an arrow body 6; secondly, the air bag is arranged as a symmetrical large blunt point, and flexible ribs 14 are arranged in the air bag, so that the air bag has strong external impact resistance and pneumatic stability, and the landing position of the air bag is in a controllable range; after that, before the air bag is not used, the air bag is in a folded state and is contained in the umbrella bag 5, so that the weight and occupied volume of the speed reducer are reduced, and the structure is compact; in the whole process that the arrow body 6 returns to the atmosphere and lands on the ground, the high-altitude Wen Jiansu and the buffer landing can be completed by only arranging one pneumatic speed reducer, and the integrated arrangement of flexibility, foldability, heat protection, high temperature resistance and pneumatic stability of the pneumatic speed reducer is realized.
As a first alternative embodiment of example 1, the adjusting component may be replaced by another structure, for example, the adjusting component includes a first magnetic layer disposed between the outer wall surface of the air bag and the heat insulation layer 31, and is made of a permanent magnet material, and a second magnetic body disposed on the arrow body 6, and the second magnetic body is made of a soft magnetic material, and is energized with an alternating current, so that the second magnetic body generates a polarity, for example, a forward direction is energized, one end of the second magnetic body facing the first magnetic layer is S-pole, an opposite direction is energized, and the polarity of the second magnetic body facing the first magnetic layer is N-pole, so that the second magnetic body generates an outward repulsive force or an adsorption force to the air bag, thereby adjusting the deployment posture of the air bag. In the practical use process, an attitude detector, such as a camera, for acquiring the attitude of the air bag according to photographing is further arranged in the air bag flying process, and the adjusting component can be omitted as a further deformation.
As a second alternative embodiment of example 1, there may be other numbers of telescopic rods in the telescopic assembly, such as one, two, three, four, etc., where one telescopic rod is provided, the first end of the first rod of the telescopic rod is directly fixed to the end of the rigid connection member 2; when the telescopic rods are arranged, the telescopic rods are arranged on the periphery of the rigid connecting piece 2, so that the telescopic action of the rigid connecting piece 2 on the rigid connecting piece 2 is larger when the rigid connecting piece 2 is telescopic relative to the arrow body 6, and the posture of the air bag is kept in a required symmetrical state; the telescopic rod may also be replaced by an elastic member, such as a spring. The two ends of the spring are respectively connected with the rigid connecting piece 2 and the arrow body 6, or as deformation, a telescopic component is not required to be arranged.
As a third alternative embodiment of example 1, the flexible ribs 14 may also be omitted, in which case the bladder relies mainly on its own profile symmetry and the action of the high pressure gas, so that the bladder remains aerodynamically stable.
As a fourth alternative embodiment of example 1, the air bag may be a whole, and instead of providing a plurality of air bags 13, the air bags may be symmetrically provided with inflation ports, and two high-pressure air cylinders are used to inflate the air bags simultaneously, so as to ensure the symmetry of the air bags.
As a fifth alternative embodiment of example 1, the head 11 may not be in the shape of a spherical cap, for example, the head 11 may be in the shape of a bullet; or the pneumatic head 1 is a revolution body, the diameter of the air bag is gradually increased from the windward side to the leeward side along the axial direction of the air bag, and the air bag is suitable for being covered outside the head of the arrow body in the unfolding state, so that the air bag is in a symmetrical structure, and the air bag keeps good pneumatic stability.
As a sixth alternative embodiment of example 1, the heat insulating layer may be omitted and only ablation prevention may be provided.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a sub-level structure comprising an arrow body 6 and the pneumatic reduction device of embodiment 1, the pneumatic head 1 being fixed to the arrow body 6.
The sub-level structure of this embodiment adopts the pneumatic speed reducer in example 1 for this sub-level structure is returning the atmosphere and landing subaerial, only needs a pneumatic speed reducer can make arrow body 6 all can be slowed down from entering the atmosphere to landing ground arrow whole process, makes the weight of arrow body 6 little and compact structure, and pneumatic stability of pneumatic head 1 is high, makes arrow body 6 landing position controllable, is convenient for look for the arrow body 6 of retrieving.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pneumatic reduction device, comprising:
A pneumatic head (1) which is an inflatable air bag capable of being changed between a furled state and a deployed state; the air bag is in a revolving body shape when in the unfolding state and can be suitable for being covered on an arrow body (6), and the diameter of the air bag is gradually increased along the axial direction of the air bag from the windward side of the air bag to the leeward side of the air bag;
At least one ablation preventing layer (32) arranged on the outer wall surface of the air bag;
the rigid connecting piece (2) is embedded in a concave area surrounded by the leeward surface, one end of the rigid connecting piece is connected with the pneumatic head (1), and the other end of the rigid connecting piece is telescopically arranged on the arrow body (6);
The telescopic rods are distributed along the circumferential direction of the rigid connecting piece (2), each telescopic rod comprises a first rod (41) and a second rod (42) sleeved outside the corresponding first rod (41), the corresponding first rod (41) is connected with the corresponding rigid connecting piece (2), and elastic locking pieces (43) are radially arranged on the outer wall of the corresponding first rod (41) in a protruding mode; the second rod (42) is connected with the arrow body (6); a plurality of first holes (421) are formed in the side wall of the second rod (42), and the elastic locking piece (43) is positioned in the first holes (421) when the telescopic rod is in an extension state;
the air bag comprises at least two branch air bags (13) which are connected end to end in sequence along the circumferential direction of the air bag;
Two adjacent branch air bags (13) are sealed and separated, and each branch air bag (13) is provided with an inflation inlet;
Any two adjacent branch air bags (13) are sealed and separated by flexible ribs (14) arranged in the air bags; or alternatively
Flexible ribs (14) are arranged in the air bags, the flexible ribs (14) cross all the air bags (13) along the circumferential direction of the air bags, or flexible ribs (14) are arranged in any air bag (13);
When flexible ribs (14) are arranged in the air bags, the flexible ribs span all the air bags along the circumferential direction of the air bags, or when flexible ribs (14) are arranged in any air bag;
the number of the flexible ribs (14) is at least two, and all the flexible ribs (14) are arranged on the pneumatic head (1) in a stacking way along the axial direction of the pneumatic head (1).
2. A pneumatic reduction device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one thermal insulation layer (31) provided between the balloon outer wall surface and the ablation protection layer (32).
3. A pneumatic reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that the balloon comprises a head (11) and a reverse taper (12) provided on the end of the head (11), the generatrix of the head (11) being a smooth curve.
4. A pneumatic reduction device according to claim 3, characterized in that the head (11) is spherical in shape.
5. A pneumatic reduction device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the recessed area of the balloon is adapted to house the rigid connection (2) and the head of the arrow body (6).
6. A sub-level structure, characterized by comprising
An arrow body (6);
The pneumatic reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, provided on the arrow body (6), the airbag being adapted to cover the outside of the head of the arrow body (6) in the deployed state.
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| CN112146525B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-03-24 | 北京星际荣耀空间科技股份有限公司 | Carrier rocket upper-level recovery method and recovery system |
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