CN111152517A - 一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶 - Google Patents

一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶 Download PDF

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CN111152517A
CN111152517A CN202010101605.5A CN202010101605A CN111152517A CN 111152517 A CN111152517 A CN 111152517A CN 202010101605 A CN202010101605 A CN 202010101605A CN 111152517 A CN111152517 A CN 111152517A
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layer
roof
hole
cooling
cement layer
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CN111152517B (zh
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王术剑
韩德斌
李波
陈道礼
景磊
任全刚
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Shandong Hi Speed Qilu Construction Group Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，包括自上至下依次设置的第一发泡水泥层、防水层、钢筋混凝土层、第二发泡水泥层和粘结层；所述第一发泡水泥层内部设置有玻璃纤维层；所述的第一发泡水泥层内的内孔包括有通孔和闭孔，其中通孔和闭孔的比例为2‑3:1，所述通孔的体积占比为20‑30%；所述的第二发泡水泥层内的内孔为闭孔。该屋顶既解决了冬夏两季的保温问题，又解决了现有建筑保温结构复杂、施工不方便的问题。

Description

一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶
技术领域
本发明涉及节能建筑领域，具体涉及一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶。
背景技术
对于建筑保温，现有技术中均是采用在外墙贴保温板的方式，这种方式仅是减缓屋内热量散发过程或降低外界冷空气的侵入速度，并不能达到较好的保温效果，尤其是屋顶保温，设置不当还会出现漏水、开裂等现象，严重影响居住质量。为增加防水性能和牢固性，屋顶保温结构设计的都比较复杂，建设施工不方便，造价高。如何研发一种保温效果优异的技术，成为当今急需解决的问题。
现有的屋顶均是通过增加保温层，如发泡水泥层、聚氨脂发泡层、岩棉层等来提高保温效果。采用发泡水泥层是通过发泡水泥层中想封闭的气泡进行保温。但上述保温方式均属于被动式保温，效果并不好。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明公开一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，该屋顶既解决了冬夏两季的保温问题，又解决了现有建筑保温结构复杂、施工不方便的问题。
一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，包括自上至下依次设置的第一发泡水泥层、防水层、钢筋混凝土层、第二发泡水泥层和粘结层；所述第一发泡水泥层内部设置有玻璃纤维层；所述的第一发泡水泥层内的内孔包括有通孔和闭孔，其中通孔和闭孔的比例为2-3:1，所述通孔的体积占比为20-30%；所述的第二发泡水泥层内的内孔为闭孔。
优选的，所述通孔的孔径为1-2mm，所述闭孔的孔径为1-3mm。
优选的，所述的第一发光泡水泥层的厚度为20-40mm。
优选的，所述第一发泡水泥层的上表面为波浪形。波浪形外表面可以增加储水面积，提高散热效率。
优选的，所述波浪形上表面的底部夹角大于顶部夹角。可以储存容纳更多的余水，加速蒸发吸热。
优选的，所述波浪形上表面包括纵向波浪表面和横向波浪表面，纵向波浪表面和横向波浪表面在水平方向垂直设置。
优选的，所述波浪形的高度为2-3mm。
本发明的施工方法是，下面层制好后，将第一发泡层的发泡水泥倒到屋顶上，向发泡水泥内通气，使发泡水泥内的闭孔变为通孔。再用模具制在波浪形，保养固化。
南方夏天多雨，下雨往往是阵雨，雨后马上出太阳，温度也比较高，形成湿热的天气。本发明利用发泡水泥层，由于含有有大量的通孔，下雨时，通孔可以储存大量的雨水，雨停后，在阳光作用下，通孔内的水分蒸发吸热，降低室内温度。
冬天少雨季，含有水分的发泡水泥层，导热性更好，白天更容易将热量吸收，同时，由于水的热焾较大，可以贮存更多的热量，到晚上，再释放出来，避免房顶温度过低。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明利用发泡水泥层进行锁水，利用水蒸发吸热和储存能量的原理在热天水蒸发吸热带走屋顶热量，在冷天靠积水储存能量，减少热量散发。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明结构图；
图中，1、第一发泡水泥层，2、玻璃纤维层，3、防水层，4、钢筋混凝土层，5、发泡水泥层，6、粘结层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都 属于本申请保护的范围。
如图1所示的一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，该屋顶的上顶面为第一发泡水泥层1，由于带有可以吸收水份的通孔，并且其上表面为波浪形，在南方多雨的夏季，发泡水泥层容易吸收水份，水汽蒸发，吸收热量，将屋顶上热量带走，给屋顶降温。波浪形的表面可以增加吸水面积，储存更多的水分，进一步提高蒸发吸热功能。冬天，发泡层含有一定的水份，含有水分的发泡水泥层，导热性更好，白天更容易将热量吸收。同时，由于水的热焾较大，可以贮存更多的热量。到晚上，再释放出来，避免房顶温度过低。
在第一发泡水泥层内嵌有玻璃纤维层2，玻璃纤维层位于第一发泡水泥层的上、下平面之间。玻璃纤维弹性限度内伸长量大且拉伸强度高，可以吸收冲击能量，同时具有不燃性和较高的耐化学性，抗腐蚀性好，将其作为中间层，可以增强第一发泡水泥层的强度和韧性，提高防火系数，延长使用寿命。防止单独使用发泡水泥层引起的开裂、漏水现象。
第一发泡水泥层下部设置为防水层3，该防水层采用聚乙烯丙纶布制成，材质以丙纶无纺布、聚乙烯为主要原料经抗老化剂复合成，价格低廉、工艺简单。可直接与水泥结构面粘结，防水性能优良、无毒、无味、抗拉强度大、抗渗能力强、耐冻、耐腐蚀、易粘贴、柔性好、重量轻、施工操作简便。
防水层下部设置钢筋混凝土层4，该层的设置可以提高屋顶刚性，增加屋顶抗压、抗震性能。
钢筋混凝土层下方为第二发泡水泥层5，导热系数低，隔热效果明显，用于提高建筑保温效果，并起到一定的防水功效，与防水层一起构成双层防水保温效果。第二发泡水泥层下方为粘结层6，在粘接层内部设置有网格布，网格布以中碱或无碱玻纤维纱织造，经耐碱高分子乳液涂覆，比一般的普通布更结实更耐用，因为它强度高、耐碱性好，可以用于防止裂缝的产生。由于其优良的抗酸、碱等化学物质腐蚀的性能以及经纬向抗拉强度高，能使外墙保温系统所受的应力均匀分散，能避免由于外冲力的碰撞、挤压所造成的整个保温结构的变形，使保温层有很高的抗冲力强度，并且易于施工和质量控制，在保温系统中起到"软钢筋"的作用。
该屋顶的具体施工方式如下：
将毛坯房的屋顶表面清洁并润湿，将粘结剂、水泥和水混合后铺施于屋顶上，并在混合浆还未凝固时嵌入网格布；
在粘结层上部浇筑第二发泡水泥层，该发泡水泥层的内部气泡孔均控制为闭孔，可以隔绝外部空气，有利于保温；
在第二发泡水泥层上部浇筑混凝土，在混凝土上部铺设钢筋，纵横交错为网状结构，提高抗压、抗震强度，钢筋上方继续浇筑混凝土；
在混凝土没凝固之前铺设聚乙烯丙纶布，用于防水；
在聚乙烯丙纶布上方浇筑一层第一发光泡水泥，将第一发泡层的发泡水泥倒到屋顶上，中间铺上玻璃纤维层，然后，向发泡水泥内通气，使发泡水泥内的闭孔变为通孔。再用模具制在波浪形，保养固化。第一发光泡水泥层内除有大量的通孔外，还保留有少量的闭孔，其中通孔和闭孔的比例为2-3:1，所述通孔的体积占比为20-30%。所述通孔的孔径一般为1-2mm，所述闭孔的孔径一般为1-3mm。第一发光泡水泥层的厚度为30mm。所述波浪形上表面包括纵向波浪表面和横向波浪表面，纵向波浪表面和横向波浪表面在水平方向垂直设置。所述波浪形的高度为2-3mm。
最后洒水养护10天，移走模板和塑料薄膜，屋顶成型。
以湿热地区的广州某小区为例，同样两座100平米顶层住宅，第一座使用本申请的屋顶结构，第二座使用贴保温层的屋顶，在外界35℃时，测量室内外温度，温度差异情况见下表：
室内温度（℃）
具有降温保温屋顶的住宅 26-28
贴有保温层的屋顶 30-32
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，其特征在于，包括自上至下依次设置的第一发泡水泥层（1）、防水层（3）、钢筋混凝土层（4）、第二发泡水泥层（5）和粘结层（6）；所述第一发泡水泥层内部设置有玻璃纤维层（2）；所述的第一发泡水泥层内的内孔包括有通孔和闭孔，其中通孔和闭孔的比例为2-3:1，所述通孔的体积占比为20-30%；所述的第二发泡水泥层内的内孔为闭孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，其特征在于，所述通孔的孔径为1-2mm，所述闭孔的孔径为1-3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，其特征在于，所述的第一发光泡水泥层的厚度为20-40mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，其特征在于，所述第一发泡水泥层的上表面为波浪形。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，其特征在于，所述波浪形上表面的底部夹角大于顶部夹角。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，其特征在于，所述波浪形上表面包括纵向波浪表面和横向波浪表面，纵向波浪表面和横向波浪表面在水平方向垂直设置。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有降温和保温功能的屋顶，其特征在于，所述波浪形的高度为2-3mm。
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