CN111151861A - Focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device and method for electron beam additive manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device and method for electron beam additive manufacturing equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111151861A
CN111151861A CN202010089659.4A CN202010089659A CN111151861A CN 111151861 A CN111151861 A CN 111151861A CN 202010089659 A CN202010089659 A CN 202010089659A CN 111151861 A CN111151861 A CN 111151861A
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electron beam
additive manufacturing
manufacturing equipment
current
beam additive
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韦寿祺
李曌
张彤
王斌
王红
李震
杜帅祥
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber

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Abstract

The invention discloses a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device and method for electron beam additive manufacturing equipment. The receiving assembly consists of 2 supports, namely a feeding support and a receiving support, 2 horizontal rollers, namely a feeding horizontal shaft and a receiving horizontal shaft, 2 winding drums, namely a feeding winding drum and a receiving winding drum, a metal film, a winding motor and a beam receiving metal plate. When an electron beam emitted by the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment breaks through the working section metal film, the electron beam irradiates the beam current receiving metal plate, and electrons irradiated on the beam current receiving metal plate form a current signal which is led into the signal processing system. The electron beam additive manufacturing device uses the metal film as an electron beam current cutting material, obtains the focusing current characteristic parameters of the electron beam additive manufacturing device by collecting the time of the metal film punctured by the electron beam, and has the characteristics of simple structure, adjustable applicable collection range and simplicity in operation.

Description

Focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device and method for electron beam additive manufacturing equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a device and a method for collecting focusing current characteristic parameters of electron beam additive manufacturing equipment.
Background
In recent years, additive manufacturing technology has been advanced sufficiently, and is widely used in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and the like. With the high-end application field, the requirements of various industries on additive manufacturing and molding products are higher and higher, which also puts higher process requirements on electron beam additive manufacturing equipment.
The electron beam type electron beam additive manufacturing equipment has the characteristics of high energy absorption rate, small pollution and high material utilization rate, and is widely applied to industrial production. The electron beam deflection angle is increased to enlarge the scanning range of the electron beam when the single electron gun electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is used for forming large-size parts, but the increase of the deflection angle can cause the defocusing phenomenon of the electron beam to influence the melting effect of metal powder and further influence the part forming precision, so that the characteristic parameters of the focusing current in a working plane need to be collected to correct the focusing current when the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment works.
The focusing current characteristic parameter collecting method of the traditional electron beam additive manufacturing equipment judges whether the electron beam focus falls on a characteristic parameter point or not by observing the brightness of an electron beam spot, so that the focusing current characteristic parameter is obtained. However, this focusing current characteristic parameter collection method is highly subjective because it requires subjective observation by human eyes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of subjectivity brought by the traditional focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device, and provides a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device and method for electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, which have the characteristics of simple structure, adjustable applicable collecting range and simplicity in operation.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment comprises a receiving assembly arranged in a vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and a signal processing system arranged outside the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
the receiving assembly consists of 2 supports, namely a feeding support and a receiving support, 2 horizontal rollers, namely a feeding horizontal shaft and a receiving horizontal shaft, 2 drums, namely a feeding drum and a receiving drum, a metal film, a coiling motor and a beam current receiving metal plate; the feeding support and the receiving support are arranged oppositely, and a certain distance is reserved between the feeding support and the receiving support; the feeding winding drum and the feeding horizontal shaft are arranged on the feeding support, and the feeding horizontal shaft is positioned right above the feeding winding drum; the material receiving winding drum and the material receiving horizontal shaft are arranged on the material receiving support, and the material receiving horizontal shaft is positioned right above the motor; the central axes of the feeding winding drum, the receiving winding drum, the feeding horizontal shaft and the receiving horizontal shaft are parallel to each other; the central axes of the feeding horizontal shaft and the receiving horizontal shaft are at the same horizontal height; one end of the metal film is fixed on the feeding winding drum, and the other end of the metal film is fixed on the material receiving winding drum through the feeding horizontal shaft and the material receiving horizontal shaft in sequence; a metal film between the feeding horizontal shaft and the receiving horizontal shaft, namely a working section copper mold, is kept in a horizontal state, and the upper surface of the working section metal film is superposed with a working plane of a working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; the coverage area of the working section metal film is an electron beam scanning working area of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; the output shaft of the coiling motor is connected with the material receiving reel, and when the coiling motor drives the material receiving reel to rotate, the copper mold wound on the feeding reel passes through the feeding horizontal shaft and the material receiving horizontal shaft and then is wound on the material receiving reel; the beam receiving metal plate is made of conductive metal and is arranged right below the working section metal film; the beam receiving metal plate is electrically isolated from the inner wall of the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; the beam receiving metal plate is connected with the signal processing system through a lead, when an electron beam emitted by the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment punctures the metal film of the working section, the electron beam irradiates the beam receiving metal plate, and an electron irradiated on the beam receiving metal plate forms a current signal which is led into the signal processing system.
In the above scheme, the bottom of the beam receiving metal plate is provided with an insulating gasket.
In the scheme, the feeding horizontal shaft and the receiving horizontal shaft are completely the same in shape and size.
In the above scheme, the central axes of the feeding winding drum and the receiving winding drum are at the same horizontal height.
In the above scheme, the overall thickness of the metal film is uniform.
The method for collecting the characteristic parameters of the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, which is realized by utilizing the device, comprises the following steps:
step 1, keeping the deflection current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be (0,0) all the time, and determining a focusing current I corresponding to the minimum electron beam spot on a working plane of a working platform through visual observationf0' and at the focusing current If0On the basis, the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is increased and reduced step by step, and a plurality of copper mold breakdown experiments are carried out by utilizing a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to obtain a fitting curve of each focusing current and corresponding breakdown time, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the optimal focusing current I under the condition that the deflection current is (0,0)f0；
Step 2, calculating deflection current (I) of each characteristic parameter point of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipmentpxi,Ipyi) Under the control of each deflection current, the focus of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment can fall on the corresponding characteristic parameter point on the working plane;
step 3, corresponding deflection current (I) of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to each characteristic parameter pointpxi,Ipyi) Keeping the deflection current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be (I) all the timepxi,Ipyi) And an optimum focusing current I at a deflection current of (0,0)f0Based on the characteristic that the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is reduced through stepping and the focusing current characteristic of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is utilizedThe parameter collecting device carries out a plurality of copper mode breakdown experiments to obtain a fitting curve of each focusing current and corresponding breakdown time, and the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the deflection current (I)pxi,Ipyi) Lower optimum focus current Ifi；
I is 1,2, …, and I is the number of sampling points of the deflection current.
The specific process of the step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1, starting electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; and observing the size of an electron beam spot on the working plane of a working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by naked eyes, and recording a focusing current I corresponding to the minimum electron beam spotf0'; stopping the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.2, removing the working platform, respectively arranging a receiving assembly and a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum chamber and outside the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and connecting the receiving assembly and the signal processing system by using a lead; simultaneously ensuring that the upper surface of the working section metal film is superposed with the working plane of a working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.3, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0Starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.4, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam receiving metal plate of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and keeps stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0' the breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down0；
Step 1.5, initializing the iteration number k to be 1;
step 1.6, starting a material coiling motor of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material collecting reel to rotate by the material coiling motor, driving a feeding reel to rotate by a metal film, and horizontally moving a working section metal film between a feeding horizontal shaft and a material collecting horizontal shaft for a certain distance from a feeding side to a material collecting side;
step 1.7, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0After' -k delta, starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.8, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam receiving metal plate of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and keeps stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0The breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down at' -kxΔ-k；
Step 1.9, starting a material coiling motor of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material collecting reel to rotate by the material coiling motor, driving a feeding reel to rotate by a metal film, and horizontally moving a working section metal film between a feeding horizontal shaft and a material collecting horizontal shaft for a certain distance from a feeding side to a material collecting side;
step 1.10, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0After' + k delta, starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the moment;
step 1.11, signal processing system of focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of electron beam additive manufacturing equipmentCollecting electric signals sent by a beam receiving metal plate of a receiving assembly in real time, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signals reach a peak value and are kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0The breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down at' + kxΔk；
Step 1.12, let iteration number K +1, and repeat steps 1.6-1.11 until K ═ K0Thereby obtaining a focusing current If0′-K0Δ,…,If0′-2Δ,If0′-Δ,If0′,If0′+Δ,If0′+2Δ,…,If0′+K0Corresponding breakdown time at Δ
Figure BDA0002382967680000041
And drawing a fitting curve of the focusing current and the corresponding breakdown time according to the curve, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the optimal focusing current I under the condition that the deflection current is (0,0)f0；
K above0The number of sampling points of the focusing current under the deflection current (0, 0); Δ is the unit step of the focusing current.
The specific process of the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, initializing the iteration times k to be 1;
step 3.2, starting a material coiling motor of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material receiving winding drum to rotate by the material coiling motor, driving a feeding winding drum to rotate through a metal film, and horizontally moving a working section metal film between a feeding horizontal shaft and a material receiving horizontal shaft for a certain distance from the feeding side to the material receiving side;
3.3, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0Starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after k delta, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
and 3.4, acquiring the electric signal sent by the beam current receiving metal plate of the receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0Time t of breakdown from this start-up to this shut-down at-kxΔk；
Step 3.5, let iteration number K +1, and repeat steps 3.1-3.4 until K ═ KiThereby obtaining a focusing current If0-Δ,If0-2Δ,…,If0-KiCorresponding K breakdown times at Δ
Figure BDA0002382967680000042
And drawing a fitting curve of the focusing current and the corresponding breakdown time according to the curve, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the current deflection current (I)pxi,Iqyi) Lower optimum focus current Ifi；
I is 1,2, …, I is the number of sampling points of the deflection current; kiIs a deflection current (I)pxi,Iqyi) The number of sampling points of the lower focusing current; Δ is the unit step of the focusing current.
Compared with the prior art, the method uses the metal film as the electron beam current cutting material, and obtains the focusing current characteristic parameters of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by collecting the time of the metal film punctured by the electron beam. Compared with the traditional inclined plane-molten pool extreme value method, the method can only measure the focus position of the electron beam vertically emitted to a working plane, and further obtains the focusing current parameter of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment. The invention can measure the focus position of the deflected electron beam and further collect the characteristic parameters of the focusing current of the deflected electron beam. Compared with a method for judging the optimal focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by using a Faraday cylinder, the method has the advantages of simple equipment structure, low technical threshold, convenient measurement step operation and low material consumption cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of an electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of installation in the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of fig. 1.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1. a feeding support; 2. a material receiving bracket; 3. a feeding horizontal shaft; 4. a material receiving horizontal shaft; 5. a feeding drum; 6. a material receiving reel; 7. a metal film; 8. a coil motor; 9. a beam receiving metal plate; 10. and an insulating gasket.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a focusing current characteristic collecting device of an electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus includes a receiving assembly disposed inside a vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus and a signal processing system disposed outside the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus.
The receiving assembly consists of 2 supports, namely a feeding support 1 and a receiving support 2, 2 horizontal rollers, namely a feeding horizontal shaft 3 and a receiving horizontal shaft 4, 2 drums, namely a feeding drum 5 and a receiving drum 6, a metal film 7, a coiling motor 8 and a beam current receiving metal plate 9, and is shown in figure 2. The feeding support 1 and the receiving support 2 are arranged oppositely, and a certain distance exists between the feeding support and the receiving support. The feeding reel 5 and the feeding horizontal shaft 3 are arranged on the feeding support 1, and the feeding horizontal shaft 3 is positioned right above the feeding reel 5. The material receiving winding drum 6 and the material receiving horizontal shaft 4 are arranged on the material receiving support 2, and the material receiving horizontal shaft 4 is positioned right above the motor. The central axes of the feeding reel 5, the receiving reel 6, the feeding horizontal shaft 3 and the receiving horizontal shaft 4 are parallel to each other. The central axes of the feeding horizontal shaft 3 and the receiving horizontal shaft 4 are at the same horizontal height. One end of the metal film 7 is fixed on the feeding reel 5, and the other end of the metal film 7 is fixed on the receiving reel 6 through the feeding horizontal shaft 3 and the receiving horizontal shaft 4. The metal film 7 between the feeding horizontal shaft 3 and the receiving horizontal shaft 4, namely the working section copper mold, is kept in a horizontal state, and the upper surface of the working section metal film 7 is superposed with the working plane of an electron beam spot, namely the working plane of a working platform, of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment in the forming process. According to the size difference of electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, the distance between two winding drums of the collecting equipment can be freely adjusted, but the collecting equipment is not too large, the center of the metal film 7 drops to influence experimental data, and if the parameter collecting area is too large, a partition collecting method can be adopted to collect the characteristic parameters of the focusing current in the working area. In order to ensure a uniform breakdown time, the overall thickness of the metal film 7 is uniform. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal film 7 is a 0.2mm thick copper film or aluminum film. In order to ensure the level of the metal film 7 in the working section, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the feeding horizontal shaft 3 and the receiving horizontal shaft 4 are identical in shape and size, and the central axes of the feeding reel 5 and the receiving reel 6 are at the same level. The coverage area of the working section metal film 7 is an electron beam scanning working area of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment. The output shaft of coil stock motor 8 links to each other with receipts material reel 6, and when coil stock motor 8 drove receipts material reel 6 and rotates, the copper mould of coil winding on feed reel 5 was through feed horizontal axis 3 and receipts material horizontal axis 4 after, and the coil winding is on receiving material reel 6. The beam receiving metal plate 9 is made of a conductive metal and is placed right under the working section metal film 7. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the beam receiving metal plate 9 is a stainless steel plate. The bottom of the beam receiving metal plate 9 is provided with an insulating gasket 10, the beam receiving metal plate 9 is electrically isolated from the inner wall of the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating gasket 10 is a ceramic gasket.
According to the invention, the coil motor 8 is matched with the winding drum to drive the metal film 7 to move horizontally in a one-way manner, the beam receiving metal plate 9 below the metal film 7 is used for receiving an electron beam signal, the signal processing system is used for processing an electric signal received by the beam receiving metal plate 9, so that the time for the electron beam to puncture the metal film 7 can be obtained, and the focusing current characteristic parameter of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is obtained through the time for puncturing the metal film 7. When an electron beam emitted by the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment breaks through the metal film 7, the electron beam irradiates the beam receiving metal plate 9, the beam receiving metal plate 9 is isolated from the inner wall of the vacuum chamber by the insulating gasket 10, and an electron forming current signal irradiated on the beam receiving metal plate 9 is guided into the signal processing system and is processed by the signal processing system. The signal processing system is used for processing the current signal collected on the beam current receiving metal plate 9, and the time signal of the current signal received by the beam current receiving metal plate 9 is used as a judgment signal of the optimal focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment. In order to ensure that the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment can accurately record the starting and closing time of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment each time, the beam receiving metal plate 9 is connected with the starting and closing control of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment through a lead. The experiment is traversed for multiple times by adjusting the deflection current, the signal processing system starts timing when the electron beam is emitted during each experiment, and the signal processing system stops timing when the electric signal received by the beam receiving metal plate 9 has a peak value, so that the breakdown time of each time is obtained. And drawing a fitting curve under the current deflection current by using the breakdown time, and when the acquired peak time is shortest, judging that the focusing current of the equipment at the moment is the optimal focusing current under the deflection angle.
The method for collecting the characteristic parameters of the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, which is realized by the device, comprises the following steps:
step 1, keeping the deflection current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be (0,0) all the time, and determining a focusing current I corresponding to the minimum electron beam spot on a working plane of a working platform through visual observationf0' and at the focusing current If0On the basis, the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is increased and reduced step by step, and a plurality of copper mold breakdown experiments are carried out by utilizing a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to obtain a fitting curve of each focusing current and corresponding breakdown time, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the optimal focusing current I under the condition that the deflection current is (0,0)f0；
Step 1.1, starting electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; and observing the size of an electron beam spot on the working plane of a working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by naked eyes, and recording a focusing current I corresponding to the minimum electron beam spotf0'; stopping the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.2, removing the working platform, respectively arranging a receiving assembly and a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum chamber and outside the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and connecting the receiving assembly and the signal processing system by using a lead; simultaneously, the upper surface of the working section metal film 7 is ensured to be superposed with the working plane of the working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; see fig. 2;
step 1.3, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0Starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.4, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam receiving metal plate 9 of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0' the breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down0；
Step 1.5, initializing the iteration number k to be 1;
step 1.6, starting a material coiling motor 8 of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material receiving reel 6 to rotate by the material coiling motor 8, driving a feeding reel 5 to rotate through a metal film 7, and horizontally moving the metal film 7 at a working section between a feeding horizontal shaft 3 and a material receiving horizontal shaft 4 for a certain distance from the feeding side to the material receiving side;
step 1.7, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0After' -k delta, starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentStarting timing;
step 1.8, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam receiving metal plate 9 of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0The breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down at' -kxΔ-k；
Step 1.9, starting a material coiling motor 8 of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material receiving reel 6 to rotate by the material coiling motor 8, driving a feeding reel 5 to rotate through a metal film 7, and horizontally moving the metal film 7 at a working section between a feeding horizontal shaft 3 and a material receiving horizontal shaft 4 for a certain distance from the feeding side to the material receiving side;
step 1.10, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0After' + k delta, starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the moment;
step 1.11, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam receiving metal plate 9 of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0The breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down at' + kxΔk；
Step 1.12, let iteration number K +1, and repeat steps 1.6-1.11 until K ═ K0Thereby obtaining a focusing current If0′-K0Δ,…,If0′-2Δ,If0′-Δ,If0′,If0′+Δ,If0′+2Δ,…,If0′+K0Corresponding breakdown time at Δ
Figure BDA0002382967680000071
And drawing a fitting curve of the focusing current and the corresponding breakdown time according to the curve, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the optimal focusing current I under the condition that the deflection current is (0,0)f0；
Step 2, calculating deflection current (I) of each characteristic parameter point of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipmentpxi,Ipyi) Under the control of each deflection current, the focus of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment can fall on the corresponding characteristic parameter point on the working plane; wherein (I)pxi,Ipyi)≠(0,0)；
Step 3, corresponding deflection current (I) of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to each characteristic parameter pointpxi,Ipyi) Keeping the deflection current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be (I) all the timepxi,Ipyi) And an optimum focusing current I at a deflection current of (0,0)f0On the basis, the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is reduced in a stepping mode, a copper mold breakdown experiment is carried out for multiple times by utilizing a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, a fitting curve of each focusing current and corresponding breakdown time is obtained, and the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the deflection current (I)pxi,Ipyi) Lower optimum focus current Ifi；
Step 3.1, initializing the iteration times k to be 1;
3.2, starting a material coiling motor 8 of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material receiving reel 6 to rotate by the material coiling motor 8, driving a feeding reel 5 to rotate through a metal film 7, and horizontally moving the metal film 7 at a working section between a feeding horizontal shaft 3 and a material receiving horizontal shaft 4 for a certain distance from the feeding side to the material receiving side;
3.3, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0After-k delta, the electron beam is startedThe additive manufacturing equipment starts timing by a signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
and 3.4, acquiring the electric signal sent by the beam current receiving metal plate 9 of the receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0Time t of breakdown from this start-up to this shut-down at-kxΔk；
Step 3.5, let iteration number K +1, and repeat steps 3.1-3.4 until K ═ KiThereby obtaining a focusing current If0-Δ,If0-2Δ,…,If0-KiCorresponding K breakdown times at Δ
Figure BDA0002382967680000081
And drawing a fitting curve of the focusing current and the corresponding breakdown time according to the curve, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the current deflection current (I)pxi,Iqyi) Lower optimum focus current Ifi；
I is 1,2, …, I is the number of sampling points of the deflection current; in the invention, the value of the sampling point I of the deflection current is determined by the number of the characteristic parameter points, and the sampling point I of the deflection current is equal to the number of the characteristic parameter points. K0The number of sampling points of the focusing current under the deflection current (0, 0); kiIs a deflection current (I)pxi,Iqyi) The number of sampling points of the lower focusing current; in the invention, the number of sampling points K of the focusing current under different deflection currents0And KiThe value of (a) needs to be large enough, that is, it needs to be ensured that a valley occurs in the breakdown time during the sampling process. And under the same deflection current, changing the focusing current, wherein the breakdown time fitting curve is a quasi-quadratic curve with an upward opening, and the focusing current value corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the optimal focusing current. Due to the influence of artificial subjective factors, in deflectionI at current (0,0)f0The value of' may appear to the left or right of the fitted curve valley, so it is desirable to be on If0' incremental breakdown test and decrement breakdown test can be carried out to find the fitted curve valley value so as to obtain the accurate optimal focusing current If0. According to the existing experiment, the optimal focusing current is in the descending trend along with the increase of the deflection current, so that other deflection currents (I)pxi,Iqyi) The corresponding optimum focus current value is larger than the optimum focus current I corresponding to the deflection current (0,0)f0Small, only need to be in If0On the basis, the optimal focusing current value under other different deflections can be obtained by performing decrement breakdown experiments. For convenience, in this embodiment, K0,K1,…KIThe values of (A) are the same. Δ is a unit step amount of the focusing current, and in the present embodiment, the unit step amount Δ of the focusing current is 0.1 mA.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the device is installed in a vacuum working chamber of the rapid forming device, the upper surface of a metal film 7 coincides with a working plane of the electron beam additive manufacturing device when forming a 3D part, a beam receiving metal plate 9 is placed below the metal film 7, the beam receiving metal plate 9 is electrically isolated from the outer wall of the rapid forming device through a ceramic gasket, and a signal on the beam receiving metal plate 9 is led out through a lead. Controlling deflection current I of x-axis by central controller of rapid prototyping devicepxY-axis deflection current IpyThe electron beam focus is moved to a certain characteristic point. By fine-tuning the focusing current I at the position of a certain characteristic pointfThe punching is repeated on the metal film 7, and when the time from the beam emission to the beam receiving metal plate 9 for receiving the electric signal is shortest, the focusing current at this time is the optimum focusing current for the characteristic point.
It should be noted that, although the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are illustrative, the present invention is not limited thereto, and thus the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, are considered to be within the scope of the present invention without departing from its principles.

Claims (8)

1. The device for collecting the focusing current characteristic parameters of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is characterized by comprising a receiving assembly arranged in a vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and a signal processing system arranged outside the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
the receiving assembly consists of 2 supports, namely a feeding support (1) and a receiving support (2), 2 horizontal rollers, namely a feeding horizontal shaft (3) and a receiving horizontal shaft (4), 2 winding drums, namely a feeding winding drum (5) and a receiving winding drum (6), a metal film (7), a winding motor (8) and a beam current receiving metal plate (9); the feeding support (1) and the receiving support (2) are arranged oppositely, and a certain distance is reserved between the feeding support and the receiving support; the feeding drum (5) and the feeding horizontal shaft (3) are arranged on the feeding support (1), and the feeding horizontal shaft (3) is positioned right above the feeding drum (5); the material receiving winding drum (6) and the material receiving horizontal shaft (4) are arranged on the material receiving support (2), and the material receiving horizontal shaft (4) is positioned right above the motor; the central axes of the feeding winding drum (5), the receiving winding drum (6), the feeding horizontal shaft (3) and the receiving horizontal shaft (4) are parallel to each other; the central axes of the feeding horizontal shaft (3) and the receiving horizontal shaft (4) are positioned at the same horizontal height; one end of the metal film (7) is fixed on the feeding winding drum (5), and the other end of the metal film (7) is fixed on the material receiving winding drum (6) through the feeding horizontal shaft (3) and the material receiving horizontal shaft (4) in sequence; a metal film (7) between the feeding horizontal shaft (3) and the receiving horizontal shaft (4), namely a working section copper mold, is kept in a horizontal state, and the upper surface of the working section metal film (7) is superposed with the working plane of the working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; the coverage area of the working section metal film (7) is an electron beam scanning working area of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; an output shaft of the coiling motor (8) is connected with the receiving winding drum (6), and when the coiling motor (8) drives the receiving winding drum (6) to rotate, a copper die wound on the feeding winding drum (5) is wound on the receiving winding drum (6) after passing through the feeding horizontal shaft (3) and the receiving horizontal shaft (4); the beam receiving metal plate (9) is made of conductive metal and is arranged right below the working section metal film (7); the beam receiving metal plate (9) is electrically isolated from the inner wall of the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; the beam receiving metal plate (9) is connected with the signal processing system through a lead, when an electron beam emitted by the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment breaks through the working section metal film (7), the electron beam irradiates the beam receiving metal plate (9), and an electron irradiated on the beam receiving metal plate (9) forms a current signal and is led into the signal processing system.
2. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device according to claim 1, wherein an insulating spacer (10) is provided on a bottom of the beam receiving metal plate (9).
3. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding horizontal shaft (3) and the receiving horizontal shaft (4) are identical in shape and size.
4. The device for collecting characteristic parameters of focusing current of electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 3, wherein the central axes of the feeding reel (5) and the receiving reel (6) are at the same horizontal level.
5. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device according to claim 1, wherein an entire thickness of the metal film (7) is uniform.
6. The method for collecting the characteristic parameter of the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, which is realized by the device of claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, keeping the deflection current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be (0,0) all the time, and determining a focusing current I corresponding to the minimum electron beam spot on a working plane of a working platform through visual observationf0' and at the focusing current If0On the basis, the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is increased and reduced step by step, and a plurality of copper mold breakdown experiments are carried out by utilizing a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to obtain a fitting curve of each focusing current and corresponding breakdown time, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the optimal focusing current I under the condition that the deflection current is (0,0)f0；
Step 2, calculating deflection current (I) corresponding to each characteristic parameter point of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipmentpxi,Ipyi) Under the control of each deflection current, the focus of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment can fall on the corresponding characteristic parameter point on the working plane of the working platform;
step 3, corresponding deflection current (I) of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to each characteristic parameter pointpxi,Ipyi) Keeping the deflection current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be (I) all the timepxi,Ipyi) And the optimal focusing current I under the condition that the deflection current obtained in the step 1 is (0,0)f0On the basis, the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment is reduced in a stepping mode, a copper mold breakdown experiment is carried out for multiple times by utilizing a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, a fitting curve of each focusing current and corresponding breakdown time is obtained, and the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the deflection current (I)pxi,Ipyi) Lower optimum focus current Ifi；
I is 1,2, …, and I is the number of sampling points of the deflection current.
7. The method for collecting the focusing current characteristic parameter of the electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, wherein the specific process of step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1, starting electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; and observing the size of an electron beam spot on the working plane of a working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by naked eyes, and recording a focusing current I corresponding to the minimum electron beam spotf0'; stopping the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.2, removing the working platform, respectively arranging a receiving assembly and a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum chamber and outside the vacuum chamber of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and connecting the receiving assembly and the signal processing system by using a lead; simultaneously, the upper surface of the working section metal film (7) is ensured to be superposed with the working plane of the working platform of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.3, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0Starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.4, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam receiving metal plate (9) of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0' the breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down0；
Step 1.5, initializing the iteration number k to be 1;
step 1.6, starting a coil motor (8) of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material receiving reel (6) to rotate by the coil motor (8), driving a feeding reel (5) to rotate through a metal film (7), and horizontally moving the metal film (7) at a working section between a feeding horizontal shaft (3) and a material receiving horizontal shaft (4) for a certain distance from the feeding side to the material receiving side;
step 1.7, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0After' -k delta, starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
step 1.8, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam current receiving metal plate (9) of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the electric signal by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentThe current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipmentf0The breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down at' -kxΔ-k；
Step 1.9, starting a coil motor (8) of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material receiving reel (6) to rotate by the coil motor (8), driving a feeding reel (5) to rotate through a metal film (7), and horizontally moving the metal film (7) at a working section between a feeding horizontal shaft (3) and a material receiving horizontal shaft (4) for a certain distance from the feeding side to the material receiving side;
step 1.10, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0After' + k delta, starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the moment;
step 1.11, acquiring an electric signal sent by a beam receiving metal plate (9) of a receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0The breakdown time t from the current start-up to the current shut-down at' + kxΔk；
Step 1.12, let iteration number K +1, and repeat steps 1.6-1.11 until K ═ K0Thereby obtaining a focusing current If0′-K0Δ,…,If0′-2Δ,If0′-Δ,If0′,If0′+Δ,If0′+2Δ,…,If0′+K0Corresponding breakdown time at Δ
Figure FDA0002382967670000031
And drawing a fitting curve of the focusing current and the corresponding breakdown time according to the curve, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the optimal focusing current I under the condition that the deflection current is (0,0)f0；
K above0The number of sampling points of the focusing current under the deflection current (0, 0); Δ is the unit step of the focusing current.
8. The method for collecting the focusing current characteristic parameter of the electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, wherein the specific process of step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, initializing the iteration times k to be 1;
3.2, starting a coil motor (8) of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, driving a material receiving reel (6) to rotate by the coil motor (8), driving a feeding reel (5) to rotate through a metal film (7), and horizontally moving the metal film (7) at a working section between a feeding horizontal shaft (3) and a material receiving horizontal shaft (4) for a certain distance from the feeding side to the material receiving side;
3.3, starting a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment; then setting the focusing current of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to be If0Starting the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after k delta, and starting timing by a signal processing system of a focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment;
and 3.4, acquiring the electric signal sent by a beam current receiving metal plate (9) of the receiving assembly in real time by a signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, closing the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment after the electric signal reaches a peak value and is kept stable, and recording the current focusing current I of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment by the signal processing system of the focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device of the electron beam additive manufacturing equipment at the momentf0Time t of breakdown from this start-up to this shut-down at-kxΔk；
Step 3.5, let iteration number K +1, and repeat steps 3.1-3.4 until K ═ KiThereby obtaining a focusing current If0-Δ,If0-2Δ,…,If0-KiCorresponding K breakdown times at Δ
Figure FDA0002382967670000041
And drawing a fitting curve of the focusing current and the corresponding breakdown time according to the curve, wherein the focusing current corresponding to the valley value of the fitting curve is the current deflection current (I)pxi,Iqyi) Lower optimum focus current Ifi；
I is 1,2, …, I is the number of sampling points of the deflection current; kiIs a deflection current (I)pxi,Iqyi) The number of sampling points of the lower focusing current; Δ is the unit step of the focusing current.
CN202010089659.4A 2020-02-12 2020-02-12 Focusing current characteristic parameter collecting device and method for electron beam additive manufacturing equipment Pending CN111151861A (en)

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