CN111151760A - Deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device and method for preparing alloy bar by using device through one-step method - Google Patents
Deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device and method for preparing alloy bar by using device through one-step method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111151760A CN111151760A CN202010067163.7A CN202010067163A CN111151760A CN 111151760 A CN111151760 A CN 111151760A CN 202010067163 A CN202010067163 A CN 202010067163A CN 111151760 A CN111151760 A CN 111151760A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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Abstract
A deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device and a method for preparing an alloy bar by using the device in a one-step method. The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that an external heating source is needed in the process of preparing an alloy structure material by a powder metallurgy method, the time and the energy are consumed, the obtained alloy material structure is not refined and coarsened enough, and the porosity is large and not compact enough. The device comprises a stirring head, an extrusion container and an ejector rod, wherein the stirring head is an integrated structure which is composed of an upper mounting body and a lower working body and is provided with a hollow channel, the outer surface of the lower working body is provided with a resistance reducing groove, the lower working body is arranged in a groove of the extrusion container, and the ejector rod is arranged in the hollow channel of the stirring head. The method comprises the following steps: placing the alloy powder in an extrusion container, applying pressure by using a stirring head and rotating at a high speed to realize large plastic deformation and frictional deformation heat input, sintering and combining the gold powder and extruding the gold powder along a hollow channel of the stirring head to obtain the ultrafine-grained alloy bar in one step. The method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, excellent performance, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and particularly relates to a deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device and a method for preparing an alloy bar by using the device in a one-step method.
Background
The metal structure material plays an important role in national economic construction, and in order to meet the higher requirements of social development and national safety on the structure material, the preparation method of the novel material becomes an important way for breaking through the limitation of the traditional material. Powder metallurgy methods, including hot pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing, plasma discharge sintering and the like, are widely applied to the industries of aerospace, transportation, power electronics and the like. As a classical solid-phase material preparation method, the powder metallurgy method has the advantages of superior performance, environmental protection, energy conservation, low cost and the like compared with a liquid-phase preparation method.
However, the existing powder metallurgy technology has certain defects in the aspects of physical properties, mechanical properties, process and the like due to the inherent characteristics of the process: (1) the grain structure is not sufficiently refined. The grain size obtained by powder preparation is finer than that obtained by casting, i.e. liquid phase method, but still cannot meet the use requirements. Therefore, aiming at the alloy structure material prepared by powder metallurgy, the crystal grains of the alloy structure material are often further refined by a method of cold deformation or hot deformation processing, and the mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, plasticity and the like of the material are improved; (2) there is porosity and the tissue is not dense enough. Because powder metallurgy is to directly sinter powder into a block structure material, the self gap between the powder is difficult to completely eliminate without the assistance of an additional action, thereby influencing the heat conduction and the mechanical property of the material to a certain extent; (3) the preparation efficiency is low. Since the powder sintering needs to be carried out under a certain temperature condition, the heating and cooling processes need a longer time, which reduces the preparation efficiency of the powder metallurgy technology.
Aiming at the three points, if a technology which does not need an external heating source and can realize the ultra-grain refining and densification of the structure in the preparation process can be developed, the inherent limitation of preparing the alloy structure material by powder metallurgy is overcome, the strength and the wear resistance of the powder metallurgy material are improved, and the application range and the application depth of the powder metallurgy are greatly expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for preparing an alloy bar by a one-step method by introducing large plastic deformation and deformation heat in a sintering process and realizing deformation-driven solid-phase powder extrusion, aiming at solving the technical problems that an external heating source is needed in the process of preparing an alloy structure material by a powder metallurgy method, the time and the energy are consumed, the obtained alloy material structure is not refined and coarsened enough, the porosity is large and the compactness is not compact enough.
The deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device comprises a stirring head, an extrusion container and an ejector rod, wherein the stirring head is an integrated structure with a hollow channel, the integrated structure is formed by an upper mounting body and a lower working body, the outer surface of the lower working body is provided with a resistance reduction groove, the lower working body is arranged in a groove of the extrusion container, and the ejector rod is arranged in the hollow channel of the stirring head.
Further, the upper mounting body and the lower working body are both cylinders.
Further limited, the diameter of the upper installation body is slightly smaller than that of the lower working body.
Further defined, the ratio of the lower working body diameter to the hollow channel diameter is (2: 10): 1.
further, a mounting surface is machined on the outer surface of the upper mounting body.
Further limited, the friction working surface at the bottom of the lower working body is a concave circular ring surface.
Further defined, the concave toroidal surface is concave by 5 °.
Further defined, the diameter of the lower working body is equal to the diameter of the inner wall of the extrusion container.
Further, the material of the stirring head is tool steel, hard alloy, tungsten-rhenium alloy or ceramic, and the hardness is not lower than that of the alloy powder.
Further, the extrusion container material is magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, steel or hard alloy, and the main element of the material is consistent with the alloy powder.
Further limited, the ejector rod is made of tool steel, hard alloy, tungsten-rhenium alloy or ceramic, and the hardness of the ejector rod is not lower than that of the alloy powder.
Further limited, one end of the ejector rod is an expansion end part. The expanded end part is used for applying upsetting pressure, so that the alloy bar is more compact, and the porosity of the material is reduced.
Further defined, the enlarged end portion has a diameter equal to the diameter of the hollow passageway.
The working principle is as follows: clamping an extrusion container on a tool table, clamping a stirring head on a machine main shaft, clamping the stirring head on the mounting surface of an upper mounting body during clamping, penetrating a mandril through the machine main shaft and placing the mandril into a hollow channel of the stirring head, controlling the stirring head to rotate at a high speed through displacement and applying pressure, applying upsetting pressure through the mandril controlled by pressure, introducing large plastic deformation and inputting frictional heating heat, sintering alloy powder in the extrusion container and extruding the alloy powder along the hollow channel of the stirring head to overcome the upsetting pressure of the mandril, and preparing the ultrafine-crystal alloy bar in one step.
The method for preparing the alloy bar by using the deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device in one step comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the alloy powder in an extrusion container, setting the rotating speed of a stirring head to be 50-10000 rpm, the pressing speed of the stirring head to be 0.1-10 mm/min, and the upsetting pressure of an ejector rod to be 5-50 MPa, and completing one-step deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion to obtain the alloy bar.
Further defined, the alloy powder is magnesium alloy powder, aluminum alloy powder, zinc alloy powder, copper alloy powder, titanium alloy powder, or steel powder.
Further limiting, the one-step deformation drives the solid-phase extrusion to be carried out under the protection of inert gas.
Further defined, the inert gas is argon or nitrogen.
Compared with the traditional powder metallurgy method, the method has the following advantages:
1) the method does not need an external heating source, the solid-phase extrusion stirring head is driven to directly contact with the powder through deformation to introduce friction-shaped heating and large plastic deformation, the temperature rise and reduction process can be completed within a few seconds, and the method is low in cost, high in efficiency, excellent in performance, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and is a green low-temperature sintering method;
2) according to the invention, by introducing large plastic deformation, the alloy material can be promoted to effectively break an oxide film on the surface of the material in the sintering process, and pores among the powder are extruded, so that the powder is directly sintered into a block, the porosity of the alloy bar is as low as 0.05%, the tensile strength is as high as 375MPa, and the elongation can reach 15.2%;
3) the temperature conditions required by the powder sintering of the invention are completely derived from friction heat generation and deformation heat generation, the heat generation rates of the two heat generation mechanisms are negatively related to the material flow stress, the negative feedback adjustment of the heat generation quantity is realized, and the temperature conditions are strictly maintained near the lower limit of the temperature required by the dynamic recrystallization of the material, so that the growth of crystal grains is avoided while the continuous dynamic recrystallization of the structure is realized, the superfine crystal structure is obtained, and the average diameter of the crystal grains can reach 1.2 mu m;
4) the invention reduces the torque required in the process of deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion through the anti-drag groove on the lower working body, and avoids torsional fracture of the stirring head.
5) The invention has wide application range and can be applied to the deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion preparation of most alloy materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion apparatus of the present invention, wherein 4 is alloy powder and 5 is an alloy bar;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stirring head;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a squeeze container;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the carrier rod;
FIG. 5 is an EBSD image of an alloy bar obtained according to one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device of the embodiment comprises a stirring head 1, an extrusion container 2 and a mandril 3, wherein the stirring head 1 is an integrated structure which is composed of an upper installation body 1-1 and a lower working body 1-2 and is provided with a hollow channel 1-3, the outer surface of the lower working body 1-2 is provided with a resistance-reducing groove 1-2-1, the lower working body 1-2 is arranged in a groove 2-1 of the extrusion container 2, the mandril 3 is arranged in the hollow channel 1-3 of the stirring head 1, the upper installation body 1-1 and the lower working body 1-2 are both cylinders, an installation surface 1-1-1 is processed on the outer surface of the upper installation body 1-1, a friction working surface 1-2-2 at the bottom of the lower working body 1-2 is a concave annular surface, and one end of the ejector rod 3 is an expanded end part 3-1;
the diameter of the upper installation body 1-1 is 19.9 mm;
the diameter of the lower working body 1-2 is 24 mm;
the diameter of the hollow channel 1-3 is 5 mm;
the concave circular ring surface is concave 5;
the diameter of the inner wall of the extrusion container 2 is equal to that of the lower working body 1-2;
the diameter of the expanded end part 3-1 is equal to that of the hollow channel 1-3;
the material of the stirring head 1 is W6Mo5Cr4V2 high-speed tool steel with the Vickers hardness of 850 HV;
the material of the extrusion container 2 is 6082-T6 aluminum alloy, and the Vickers hardness is 103 HV;
the ejector rod 3 is made of W6Mo5Cr4V2 high-speed tool steel and has the Vickers hardness of 850 HV.
The working principle is as follows: clamping an extrusion container 2 on a tool table, clamping a stirring head 1 on a machine main shaft, clamping the stirring head 1 on the mounting surface 1-1-1 of an upper mounting body 1-1 during clamping, penetrating a push rod 3 through the machine main shaft and placing the stirring head 1 in a hollow channel 1-3 of the stirring head 1, controlling the high-speed rotation and pressure application of the stirring head 1 through displacement, applying upsetting pressure through the push rod 3 controlled by pressure, introducing large plastic deformation and inputting friction-type heating, sintering alloy powder in the extrusion container 2, and extruding the alloy powder along the hollow channel 1-3 of the stirring head 1 by overcoming the upsetting pressure of the push rod 3 to prepare the ultrafine-grained alloy bar in one step.
The method for preparing the alloy bar by using the deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device in one step comprises the following steps:
placing the alloy powder 4 in an extrusion container 2, setting the rotating speed of a stirring head 1 to be 800rpm, the pressing speed of the stirring head 1 to be 2mm/min, and the upsetting pressure of a mandril 3 to be 15MPa, and finishing one-step deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion to obtain an alloy bar 5;
the alloy powder is 6082 aluminum alloy powder;
and the one-step deformation drives the solid-phase extrusion to be carried out under the protection of argon.
Detection test
The alloy bar obtained in the present embodiment was tested for porosity, tensile strength, and grain size, and the results were as follows:
① the method of the present embodiment can reduce the porosity of the alloy bar to 0.05%, and the obtained alloy bar 5 has a tensile strength of 375MPa and an elongation of 15.2%.
② an Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) image of the ultrafine grain structure of the alloy bar shown in FIG. 5 was obtained, and it is understood from FIG. 5 that the average grain size of the alloy bar obtained in the present embodiment was 1.2. mu.m.
Claims (10)
1. The deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device is characterized by comprising a stirring head (1), an extrusion container (2) and a push rod (3), wherein the stirring head is an integrated structure which is formed by an upper installation body (1-1) and a lower working body (1-2) and is provided with a hollow channel (1-3), a resistance reduction groove (1-2-1) is formed in the outer surface of the lower working body (1-2), the lower working body (1-2) is arranged in a groove (2-1) of the extrusion container (2), and the push rod (3) is arranged in the hollow channel (1-3) of the stirring head (1).
2. A shape-change driven solid phase extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the lower working body (1-2) to the diameter of the hollow channel (1-3) is (2: 10): 1.
3. a shape-change driven solid-phase extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein a mounting surface (1-1-1) is formed on the outer surface of the upper mounting body (1-1).
4. A shape-changing driven solid-phase extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein the friction working surface (1-2-2) at the bottom of the lower working body (1-2) is a concave circular ring surface.
5. The shape-changing driven solid-phase extrusion device according to claim 4, wherein the concave circular ring surface is concave by 5 °.
6. A shape-change driven solid phase extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the material of the mixing head (1) is tool steel, cemented carbide, tungsten-rhenium alloy or ceramic.
7. A shape-deformation driven solid phase extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extrusion container (2) is made of magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy or steel.
8. A shape-change driven solid phase extrusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ram (3) is made of tool steel, cemented carbide, tungsten-rhenium alloy or ceramic.
9. A shape-changing driven solid-phase extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the mandrel (3) is an enlarged end portion (3-1).
10. The method for preparing the alloy bar by using the one-step method of the deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the alloy powder is placed in an extrusion container (2), the rotating speed of a stirring head (1) is set to be 50-10000 rpm, the pressing speed of the stirring head (1) is set to be 0.1-10 mm/min, the upsetting pressure of a mandril (3) is set to be 5-50 MPa, and one-step deformation-driven solid-phase extrusion is completed to obtain the alloy bar.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111690888A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-22 | 河南新开源石化管道有限公司 | Titanium alloy raw material bulldozes crowded material device |
| CN114346241A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing composite wire or bar by deformation-driven extrusion |
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| CN114346241B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-10-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing composite wire or bar by deformation driving extrusion |
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