CN111146673A - Ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on three-ring passive resonant cavity - Google Patents
Ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on three-ring passive resonant cavity Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on a three-ring passive resonant cavity, which belongs to the field of fiber lasers, and an experimental structure of the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser comprises a pumping source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), a gain fiber (3), a three-ring passive resonant cavity (4), a 1 x 2 optical coupler (5), an optical isolator (6), a polarization beam splitter (7), a polarization controller (8), an optical circulator (9), a fiber Bragg grating (10), a first 2 x 2 optical coupler (11), a second 2 x 2 optical coupler (12) and a third 2 x 2 optical coupler (13). The three-ring passive resonant cavity can be used as a high-performance mode filter to inhibit multi-mode oscillation in the resonant cavity and ensure that the fiber laser can finally realize single longitudinal mode output. The invention can realize the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency laser output with high stability and high signal-to-noise ratio, and can be applied to the fields of optical fiber communication, optical measurement, high-precision time frequency transmission and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single-frequency fiber laser, in particular to an ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on a tricyclic passive resonant cavity.
Background
The single-frequency fiber laser has the remarkable advantages of good output beam quality, low noise, narrow line width and the like, and the erbium-doped fiber single-frequency fiber laser has the advantages of very narrow output line width, very high stability, high optical signal-to-noise ratio, easiness in manufacturing and the like. Therefore, the high-performance erbium-doped fiber single-frequency fiber laser has very excellent application prospect in the fields of optical communication, microwave photonics, fiber detectors, high-precision spectroscopy, high-precision time frequency transmission and the like.
The ring cavity laser adopting the multi-resonance cavity structure can avoid multi-mode oscillation caused by space hole burning effect, and simultaneously does not need to use expensive devices similar to an ultra-narrow linewidth optical filter or adopt a complex structure such as an optical injection feedback scheme, so that the multi-resonance cavity structure is an effective scheme for obtaining narrow linewidth single-frequency laser output. However, the previously reported fiber laser adopting the multi-resonant cavity structure cannot simultaneously have the laser performance of ultra-narrow linewidth output, ultra-high stability, high optical signal-to-noise ratio and low complexity, and therefore, the study and design of a more efficient resonant cavity structure scheme has a very important meaning for further improving the output performance of the single-frequency laser.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on a tricyclic passive resonant cavity, and solves the problems in the prior art. The invention has compact structure, the obtained three-ring passive resonant cavity has super large free spectral range and passband bandwidth less than 10MHz under the condition of only using three common single-mode couplers, can effectively inhibit multimode oscillation in the resonant cavity and ensure the realization of single-frequency operation of the fiber laser.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the single-frequency fiber laser is characterized by being formed by connecting a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a three-ring type passive resonant cavity, a 1 x 2 optical coupler, an optical isolator, a polarization beam splitter, a polarization controller, an optical circulator, a fiber Bragg grating, a first 2 x 2 optical coupler, a second 2 x 2 optical coupler and a third 2 x 2 optical coupler in a fiber fusion mode.
The output of pump source carries out fiber fusion with wavelength division multiplexer's 980nm port, wavelength division multiplexer's 1550nm port carries out fiber fusion with optical circulator's 1 port, optical circulator's 2 ports and fiber Bragg grating carry out fiber fusion, optical circulator's 3 ports and polarization controller's input carry out fiber fusion, polarization controller's output and polarization beam splitter's input carry out fiber fusion, polarization beam splitter's output and 1 port of 1 x 2 optical coupler carry out fiber fusion, 1 x 2 optical coupler's 2 ports and three ring type passive resonator's input carry out fiber fusion, three ring type passive resonator's output and gain fiber's one end carry out fiber fusion, gain fiber's the other end and wavelength division multiplexer's common port carry out fiber fusion. And 3 ports of the 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler are in optical fiber fusion with the input end of the optical isolator, and the output end of the optical isolator is used as the output port of the single-frequency fiber laser.
The working principle of the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonant cavity is as follows:
a single-frequency fiber laser with ultra-narrow line width based on a three-ring passive resonant cavity adopts a reverse pumping structure, a gain fiber is pumped by 980nm pump light emitted by a pumping source through a wavelength division multiplexer, and the gain fiber is a section of erbium-doped fiber with high doping concentration. The optical circulator can be used for ensuring unidirectional operation of laser signals in the resonant cavity, and the optical isolator can be used for inhibiting unnecessary reflection. The fiber bragg grating may act as a mirror and a mode coarse filter to reduce the longitudinal mode density within the cavity. Optimal laser output can be obtained by using a polarization controller. The polarization beam splitter can enable the polarization mode in the cavity to be single, has the function of polarization mode locking, and can be used as a mode filter in the cavity to split an incident beam into two orthogonal linearly polarized light beams. The three-ring passive resonant cavity is used as a high-quality mode filter, so that the number of modes in the cavity can be effectively reduced, multi-mode oscillation is inhibited, and single-frequency output of the laser is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser of the three-ring passive resonant cavity provided by the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the single-frequency fiber laser disclosed by the invention adopts a compact and simple design structure, can obtain ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency laser output with high stability and high optical signal-to-noise ratio without using a complex laser structure or using expensive devices, and overcomes the defects of complex experimental structure, high cost, large insertion loss and the like in the prior art.
2. The single-frequency fiber laser disclosed by the invention realizes single-frequency output by utilizing the high-efficiency mode filtering performance of the tricyclic passive resonant cavity, and the tricyclic passive resonant cavity has a free spectral range of 100GHz magnitude, so that the mode density in the resonant cavity can be effectively reduced, and the single-frequency output of the laser is facilitated. Meanwhile, the passband bandwidth of the three-ring passive resonant cavity is smaller than the longitudinal mode interval of the main cavity, and the three-ring passive resonant cavity can be used as a mode filter with ultra-narrow bandwidth, so that only a single effective mode is ensured in the resonant cavity, and single-frequency output of the laser is realized. Compared with the existing sub-resonant cavity, the three-ring passive resonant cavity uses three 2 multiplied by 2 optical couplers, the formed three-ring resonant cavity structure has very high mode filtering performance, expensive experimental devices or complex experimental structures are not needed, and the output performance and the practicability of the laser are improved.
The patent reports of the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the three-ring passive resonant cavity with the same structure are not found so far by searching documents and patents.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on a tricyclic passive resonant cavity according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a single-frequency output schematic diagram of the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonant cavity.
FIG. 3 is an output spectrum diagram of the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonant cavity.
In the figure: 1 pump source, 2 wavelength division multiplexer, 3 gain fiber, 4 three ring type passive resonant cavity, 51 x 2 optical coupler, 6 optical isolator, 7 polarization beam splitter, 8 polarization controller, 9 optical circulator, 10 fiber Bragg grating, 11 first 2 x 2 optical coupler, 12 second 2 x 2 optical coupler and 13 third 2 x 2 optical coupler.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on a tricyclic passive resonant cavity, the single-frequency fiber laser of the invention is composed of a pumping source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a gain fiber 3, a tricyclic passive resonant cavity 4, a 1 × 2 optical coupler 5, an optical isolator 6, a polarization beam splitter 7, a polarization controller 8, an optical circulator 9, a fiber bragg grating 10, a first 2 × 2 optical coupler 11, a second 2 × 2 optical coupler 12 and a third 2 × 2 optical coupler 13.
Based on the above-mentioned constituent requirements, the present invention has the following structural relationship:
the output of pump source 1 and the 980nm port of wavelength division multiplexer 2 carry out the fiber fusion, the 1550nm port of wavelength division multiplexer 2 and the 1 port of optical circulator 9 carry out the fiber fusion, 2 ports of optical circulator 9 and fiber bragg grating 10 carry out the fiber fusion, 3 ports of optical circulator 9 and the input of polarization controller 8 carry out the fiber fusion, the output of polarization controller 8 and the input of polarization beam splitter 7 carry out the fiber fusion, the output of polarization beam splitter 7 and the 1 port of 1 x 2 optical coupler 5 carry out the fiber fusion, 2 ports of 1 x 2 optical coupler 5 and the input of three ring type passive resonant cavities 4 carry out the fiber fusion, the output of three ring type passive resonant cavities 4 and the one end of gain fiber 3 carry out the fiber fusion, the other end of gain fiber 3 and the common port of wavelength division multiplexer 2 carry out the fiber fusion. And 3 ports of the 1 x 2 optical coupler 5 are in fiber fusion with the input end of the optical isolator 6, and the output end of the optical isolator 6 is used as the output port of the single-frequency fiber laser.
Based on the above embodiments, further embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
the pumping source 1 is a 980nm pumping source, which is produced by the Ou radium technology company in the embodiment;
the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is an 980/1550nm pump source, and the embodiment adopts a 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer of Corona company;
the gain optical fiber is an erbium-doped optical fiber with high doping concentration, which is adopted in the embodiment and manufactured by LIEKKI company;
the third 2 × 2 optical coupler and the 1 × 2 optical coupler have a splitting ratio of 50: 50, in this case, the standard single mode fiber coupler of the aerospace company is adopted.
The first 2 × 2 optical coupler and the second 2 × 2 optical coupler have a splitting ratio of 90: 10, in this case, a standard single mode fiber coupler from aerospace is used.
The peak reflectivity and 3dB bandwidth of the fiber Bragg grating are respectively 96% and 0.18nm, and the fiber Bragg grating adopted in the case is Xiao photon technology company.
Fig. 2 is a single-frequency output schematic diagram of an ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on a tricyclic passive resonant cavity, and it can be found from fig. 2 (a) that a large number of modes exist in the cavity because the 3dB bandwidth of the fiber bragg grating 10 is much wider than the mode interval (about 13MHz) of the main cavity corresponding to the main cavity of the laser. From the graphs of fig. 2 (b), fig. 2 (c) and fig. 2 (d), it can be found that Ring-1, Ring-2 and Ring-3 of the three-Ring passive resonant cavity 4 can greatly reduce the intra-cavity mode density, the effective free spectral range corresponding to the three-Ring passive resonant cavity is larger than the 3-dB bandwidth of the fiber bragg grating 9, and only one pass band in the 3-dB bandwidth of the fiber bragg grating is ensured. As can be seen from fig. 2.(c), the passband bandwidth corresponding to Ring-2 of the tricyclic passive resonant cavity is smaller than the free spectral range corresponding to the main cavity of the laser, so that only one mode is dominant in the passband range of the fiber laser, and finally, the single-frequency output of the laser is realized, see fig. 2. (e).
The working principle of the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonant cavity is as follows:
the single-frequency narrow-linewidth fiber laser adopts a reverse pumping structure, and the oscillation laser in the cavity is operated in a single direction through the optical circulator 9 in the main cavity, so that the resonant cavity is ensured to work in a traveling wave state, and multi-longitudinal-mode oscillation caused by standing wave effect can be avoided. Under the pumping of the pumping source 1, laser oscillation is formed in the optical fiber ring, after the oscillation laser is amplified by the gain fiber 3, part of the oscillation laser is output through the 3 ports of the 1 × 2 optical coupler 6, and the other part of the oscillation laser is input back into the cavity through the 2 ports of the 1 × 2 optical coupler 6 again. The length of the main cavity of the laser is about 15m, the corresponding free spectral range is approximately 13MHz, and the 3-dB bandwidth (about 20GHz) of the fiber bragg grating 10 is much larger than the longitudinal mode spacing of the main cavity, so that a large number of modes exist in the passband of the laser, as shown in fig. 2 (a). The fiber bragg grating 10 in the system can be used as a coarse filter device to perform mode filtering firstly, but because the 3-dB bandwidth of the fiber bragg grating 10 is too wide, the three-ring passive resonant cavity 4 is required to be used as a high-quality mode filter to obtain single longitudinal mode output. The structural block diagram corresponding to the three-ring passive resonant cavity 4 is shown in fig. 1: input light field E1Injected into the first 2 × 2 optical coupler 11, the 4 ports of the first 2 × 2 optical coupler 11 are fiber-fusion-spliced with the 6 ports of the second 2 × 2 optical coupler 12, the 3 ports of the first 2 × 2 optical coupler 11 are fiber-fusion-spliced with the 1 port of the third 2 × 2 optical coupler 13, the 2 ports and the 4 ports of the third 2 × 2 optical coupler 13 are fiber-fusion-spliced, the 3 ports of the third 2 × 2 optical coupler 13 are fiber-fusion-spliced with the 5 ports of the second 2 × 2 optical coupler 12, and then the optical field is divided into E7And E8Optical field E8Is feedback injected into the first 2 x 2 optical coupler 11, and E7And finally as the output optical field of the three-ring type passive resonant cavity 4.
Assuming that lengths corresponding to Ring-1, Ring-2 and Ring-3 in the three-Ring passive resonator 4 are 1.5m, 2m and 1.8m, respectively, free spectral ranges corresponding to the three fiber rings can be calculated as 136MHz, 102MHz and 113MHz, respectively. Therefore, the free spectral range corresponding to the three-Ring passive resonant cavity 4 is the least common multiple of the free spectral ranges corresponding to Ring-1, Ring-2 and Ring-3 in the three-Ring passive resonant cavity 4, the calculation result is far larger than the 3dB bandwidth of the optical fiber Bragg grating 10, and the optical fiber Bragg grating 10 can be ensured to have only one mode passband within the 3-dB bandwidth. But to achieve single longitudinal mode output we also need to ensure that only one mode within this one mode passband is selected. The transfer function corresponding to Ring-2 of the three-Ring passive resonant cavity 4 can be calculated as follows:
where γ is the loss strength loss of the coupler. k is the coupling fraction ratio of the coupler. c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the effective index of refraction of the fiber. a is the loss of the optical fiber,
l is the length of Ring-2 of the tricyclic passive resonant cavity 4, and assuming that the length of Ring-2 of the tricyclic passive resonant cavity 4 is 2m, the calculated passband value is 5.5MHz, which is smaller than the main cavity interval of the laser, so that only one mode occupies a main position in the passband of the fiber laser, and we finally realize single-frequency output, as shown in fig. 2 (d).
Fig. 3 is a spectrogram of an ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on a tricyclic passive resonant cavity. In this embodiment, the center wavelength of the laser output from the fiber laser is 1550.160nm, and the corresponding optical signal-to-noise ratio is about 64 dB.
Finally, it should be noted that: while the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the embodiment and the drawings disclosed herein. Equivalents and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure, which is to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the three-ring passive resonant cavity is characterized by consisting of a pumping source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), a gain fiber (3), a three-ring passive resonant cavity (4), a 1 x 2 optical coupler (5), an optical isolator (6), a polarization beam splitter (7), a polarization controller (8), an optical circulator (9), a fiber Bragg grating (10), a first 2 x 2 optical coupler (11), a second 2 x 2 optical coupler (12) and a third 2 x 2 optical coupler (13);
the output end of the ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser pumping source (1) based on the three-ring passive resonant cavity is in optical fiber fusion with a 980nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), a 1550nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is in optical fiber fusion with a 1 port of the optical circulator (9), a 2 port of the optical circulator (9) is in optical fiber fusion with the fiber Bragg grating (10), a 3 port of the optical circulator (9) is in optical fiber fusion with an input end of the polarization controller (8), an output end of the polarization controller (8) is in optical fiber fusion with an input end of the polarization beam splitter (7), an output end of the polarization beam splitter (7) is in optical fiber fusion with a 1 port of the 1 x 2 optical coupler (5), a 2 port of the 1 x 2 optical coupler (5) is in optical fiber fusion with an input end of the three-ring passive resonant cavity (4), an output end of the three-ring passive resonant cavity (4) is in optical fiber fusion with one end of the gain fiber (3), the other end of the gain fiber (3) is in fiber fusion with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2). And 3 ports of the 1 x 2 optical coupler (5) are in optical fiber fusion with the input end of the optical isolator (6), and the output end of the optical isolator (6) is used as the output port of the single-frequency fiber laser.
2. The ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonator according to claim 1, wherein: the pump source (1) is a 980nm pump source.
3. The ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonator according to claim 1, wherein: the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is an 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer.
4. The ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonator according to claim 1, wherein: the gain fiber (3) is an erbium-doped fiber with high doping concentration.
5. The ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonator according to claim 1, wherein: the three-ring type passive resonant cavity (4) consists of a first 2X 2 optical coupler (11), a second 2X 2 optical coupler (12) and a third 2X 2 optical coupler (13). The 1 port of the first 2 x 2 optical coupler (11) and the 7 port of the second 2 x 2 optical coupler (12) are respectively used as an input port and an output port of the three-ring type passive resonant cavity (4). The 4 ports of the first 2 x 2 optical coupler (11) and the 6 ports of the second 2 x 2 optical coupler (12) are fiber-fusion-spliced, and the 7 ports of the second 2 x 2 optical coupler (12) and the 2 ports of the first 2 x 2 optical coupler (11) are fiber-fusion-spliced. The 3 ports of the first 2 x 2 optical coupler (11) and the 1 port of the third 2 x 2 optical coupler (13) are fiber-fusion spliced, the 3 ports of the third 2 x 2 optical coupler (13) and the 5 ports of the second 2 x 2 optical coupler (12) are fiber-fusion spliced, and the 2 ports and the 4 ports of the third 2 x 2 optical coupler (13) are fiber-fusion spliced.
6. The ultra-narrow linewidth single-frequency fiber laser based on the tricyclic passive resonator according to claim 1, wherein: the 1 × 2 optical coupler (5) and the third 2 × 2 optical coupler (13) have a coupling ratio of 50: 50 standard single mode fiber coupler. The first 2 x 2 optical coupler (11) and the second 2 x 2 optical coupler (12) have a coupling ratio of 90: 10, standard single mode fiber coupler.
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Application publication date: 20200512 |