CN107026383B - Wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring cavity fiber laser - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06712—Polarising fibre; Polariser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光纤激光器技术领域，具体涉及一种波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器。The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring-cavity fiber laser.
背景技术Background technique
光纤激光器具有成品率高、散热性好、与光纤系统耦合效率高等特点，其在光纤通信、光生微波、光纤传感等领域具有广阔的应用价值，如中国专利CN103852092A公开的模式干涉环形腔光纤激光传感器将模式干涉传感和光纤激光谐振结合起来，可用于对位移、温度、应变等各类物理量的传感测量。目前掺铒光纤激光器多运转在多纵模状态，这限制了其在高速光纤通信系统中的应用，为此研究人员提出采用相移光纤光栅、反高斯切趾光纤布拉格光栅、超短腔法、饱和吸收体法、复合腔法等来保证输出激光具有单频特性。但是在目前现有技术中单频光纤激光器多存在两个正交的偏振模式，这限制了其在偏振敏感光纤系统中的应用，为此研究人员提出采用光纤偏振器、保偏光纤光栅、自注入锁定来保证输出激光具有单偏振特性。但是在目前现有技术中，上述光纤激光器存在制作工艺要求较高，结构较为复杂，难以同时实现单频和单偏振特性等缺点。Fiber laser has the characteristics of high yield, good heat dissipation, and high coupling efficiency with optical fiber system. It has broad application value in the fields of optical fiber communication, optical microwave, optical fiber sensing, etc., such as the mode interference ring cavity fiber laser disclosed in Chinese patent CN103852092A The sensor combines mode interference sensing and fiber laser resonance, and can be used for sensing and measuring various physical quantities such as displacement, temperature, and strain. At present, most erbium-doped fiber lasers operate in the multi-longitudinal mode state, which limits their application in high-speed optical fiber communication systems. For this reason, researchers propose to use phase-shifted fiber gratings, anti-Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg gratings, ultra-short cavity methods, Saturable absorber method, composite cavity method, etc. to ensure that the output laser has a single-frequency characteristic. However, there are usually two orthogonal polarization modes in single-frequency fiber lasers in the existing technology, which limits its application in polarization-sensitive fiber systems. For this reason, researchers proposed to use fiber polarizers, polarization-maintaining fiber gratings, and Injection locking is used to ensure that the output laser has a single polarization characteristic. However, in the current prior art, the above-mentioned fiber lasers have disadvantages such as higher manufacturing process requirements, more complex structures, and difficulty in realizing single-frequency and single-polarization characteristics at the same time.
经文献及专利查新检索，迄今尚未见相同结构的波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器的专利报导。According to literature and patent novelty searches, there is no patent report on a wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring-cavity fiber laser with the same structure.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服背景技术中的光纤激光器的多纵模振荡和非单一偏振态输出的问题，提供一种波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring-cavity fiber laser by overcoming the problems of multi-longitudinal mode oscillation and non-single polarization state output of the fiber laser in the background technology.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器，其结构有泵浦源1、波分复用器2、掺铒光纤3、带通滤波器6、光隔离器7、2×2光耦合器8和光纤环行器10，其特征在于，结构还有光纤偏振器4、保偏光纤5、两模渐变折射率光纤9和偏振控制器11；其中所述的带通滤波器6是可调谐带通滤波器；A wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring-cavity fiber laser, which has a structure of a pump source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, an erbium-doped fiber 3, a bandpass filter 6, an optical isolator 7, and a 2×2 optical coupling device 8 and fiber circulator 10, characterized in that the structure also has fiber polarizer 4, polarization maintaining fiber 5, two-mode graded index fiber 9 and polarization controller 11; wherein said bandpass filter 6 is tunable bandpass filter;
泵浦源1的输出端口与波分复用器2的980nm端口相连，波分复用器2的1550nm端口与光纤偏振器4的一端相连，光纤偏振器4的另一端与保偏光纤5的一端相连，保偏光纤5的另一端与带通滤波器6的输入端相连，带通滤波器6的输出端与光隔离器7的输入端相连，光隔离器7的输出端与2×2光耦合器8的1端口相连，2×2光耦合器8的3端口与两模渐变折射率光纤9的一端相连，两模渐变折射率光纤9的另一端与光纤环行器10的2端口相连，光纤环行器10的3端口与偏振控制器11的一端相连，偏振控制器11的另一端与光纤环行器10的1端口相连，2×2光耦合器8的2端口与掺铒光纤3的一端相连，掺铒光纤3的另一端与波分复用器2的公共端口相连，2×2光耦合器8的4端口作为本发明的波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器的输出端口。The output port of the pump source 1 is connected to the 980nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the 1550nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected to one end of the fiber polarizer 4, and the other end of the fiber polarizer 4 is connected to the polarization maintaining fiber 5 One end is connected, the other end of the polarization maintaining fiber 5 is connected to the input end of the band-pass filter 6, the output end of the band-pass filter 6 is connected to the input end of the optical isolator 7, and the output end of the optical isolator 7 is connected to the 2×2 Port 1 of the optical coupler 8 is connected, port 3 of the 2×2 optical coupler 8 is connected to one end of the two-mode graded-index fiber 9, and the other end of the two-mode graded-index fiber 9 is connected to port 2 of the optical fiber circulator 10 , the 3 ports of the optical fiber circulator 10 are connected with one end of the polarization controller 11, the other end of the polarization controller 11 is connected with the 1 port of the optical fiber circulator 10, the 2 ports of the 2×2 optical coupler 8 are connected with the erbium-doped optical fiber 3 One end is connected, the other end of the erbium-doped fiber 3 is connected with the common port of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the 4 ports of the 2×2 optical coupler 8 are used as the output port of the wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring cavity fiber laser of the present invention .
在本发明的一种波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器中，所述的泵浦源1优选980nm泵浦源，所述的波分复用器2优选980/1550nm波分复用器，所述的2×2光耦合器8优选分光比为30:70的标准单模光纤耦合器。In a wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring cavity fiber laser of the present invention, the pump source 1 is preferably a 980nm pump source, and the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is preferably a 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer , the 2×2 optical coupler 8 is preferably a standard single-mode fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 30:70.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
1、本发明所述的波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器采用紧凑简单的设计结构获得高质量的激光输出，实用性强；1. The wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring-cavity fiber laser described in the present invention adopts a compact and simple design structure to obtain high-quality laser output, and has strong practicability;
2、本发明所述的波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器不但具有单频特性，而且具有单偏振特性，既适合用于高速光纤通信系统，又适合用于偏振敏感光纤系统。2. The wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring-cavity fiber laser of the present invention not only has single-frequency characteristics, but also has single-polarization characteristics, and is suitable for both high-speed optical fiber communication systems and polarization-sensitive optical fiber systems.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1是本发明的波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器的原理结构图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structure diagram of a wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring cavity fiber laser of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，以下实施例仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the following examples are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limitations on this patent.
实施例1本发明的具体结构Embodiment 1 Concrete structure of the present invention
图1是本发明所述的波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器的原理结构图。由泵浦源1、波分复用器2、掺铒光纤3、光纤偏振器4、保偏光纤5、带通滤波器6、光隔离器7、2×2光耦合器8、两模渐变折射率光纤9、光纤环行器10、偏振控制器11组成。Fig. 1 is a schematic structure diagram of a wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring cavity fiber laser according to the present invention. Composed of pumping source 1, wavelength division multiplexer 2, erbium-doped fiber 3, fiber polarizer 4, polarization-maintaining fiber 5, bandpass filter 6, optical isolator 7, 2×2 optical coupler 8, two-mode gradient It consists of a refractive index fiber 9, a fiber circulator 10, and a polarization controller 11.
它们的连接关系为：泵浦源1的输出端口与波分复用器2的980nm端口相连，波分复用器2的1550nm端口与光纤偏振器4的一端相连，光纤偏振器4的另一端与保偏光纤5的一端相连，保偏光纤5的另一端与带通滤波器6的输入端相连，带通滤波器6的输出端与光隔离器7的输入端相连，光隔离器7的输出端与2×2光耦合器8的1端口相连，2×2光耦合器8的3端口与两模渐变折射率光纤9的一端相连，两模渐变折射率光纤9的另一端与光纤环行器10的2端口相连，光纤环行器10的3端口与偏振控制器11的一端相连，偏振控制器11的另一端与光纤环行器10的1端口相连，2×2光耦合器8的2端口与掺铒光纤3的一端相连，掺铒光纤3的另一端与波分复用器2的公共端口相连，2×2光耦合器8的4端口作为整个系统的输出端口。以上各组成部分之间的连接均采用光纤熔接。Their connection relationship is: the output port of the pump source 1 is connected to the 980nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the 1550nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected to one end of the fiber polarizer 4, and the other end of the fiber polarizer 4 Connect to one end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 5, the other end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 5 is connected to the input end of the band-pass filter 6, the output end of the band-pass filter 6 is connected to the input end of the optical isolator 7, and the input end of the optical isolator 7 The output end is connected to port 1 of 2×2 optical coupler 8, port 3 of 2×2 optical coupler 8 is connected to one end of two-mode graded-index fiber 9, and the other end of two-mode graded-index fiber 9 is looped with the fiber port 2 of the optical fiber circulator 10, port 3 of the optical fiber circulator 10 is connected to one end of the polarization controller 11, the other end of the polarization controller 11 is connected to port 1 of the optical fiber circulator 10, port 2 of the 2×2 optical coupler 8 It is connected to one end of the erbium-doped fiber 3, the other end of the erbium-doped fiber 3 is connected to the common port of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the 4 ports of the 2×2 optical coupler 8 are used as output ports of the whole system. The connections between the above components are all connected by optical fiber fusion splicing.
参阅图1，所述的泵浦源1是980nm泵浦源，所述的波分复用器2是980/1550nm波分复用器，泵浦源1通过波分复用器2为光纤激光器提供980nm泵浦光信号；所述的掺铒光纤3是高增益的掺铒光纤，其作用是作为光纤激光器的增益介质；所述的保偏光纤5是具有高双折射特性的偏振保持光纤，它和光纤偏振器4共同组成双折射光纤滤波器；所述的带通滤波器6是可调谐带通滤波器，其作用是选择双折射光纤滤波器梳状透射谱的透射峰位置作为激射波长；所述的光隔离器7的作用是保证谐振腔内激光信号在附图1中沿顺时针方向运转；所述的2×2光耦合器8是分光比为30:70的标准单模光纤耦合器，2×2光耦合器8的1端口与光隔离器7的输出端相连，2×2光耦合器8的3端口(分光比30％)的单模尾纤与两模渐变折射率光纤9的一端相连，2×2光耦合器8的2端口与掺铒光纤3的一端相连，组成环形谐振腔，2×2光耦合器8的4端口(分光比70％)作为系统输出端口；所述的两模渐变折射率光纤9是仅有LP01和LP11的少模光纤，它和2×2光耦合器8的3端口的单模尾纤以及光纤环行器10的2端口单模尾纤共同组成空间模式干涉滤波器；所述的光纤环行器10是三端口光纤环行器，其1端口和3端口和偏振控制器11组成光纤反射镜，用于调整环形谐振腔内光信号的偏振态，改变不同模式之间的耦合比例。Referring to Fig. 1, the pump source 1 is a 980nm pump source, the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is a 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer, and the pump source 1 is a fiber laser through the wavelength division multiplexer 2 Provide 980nm pump light signal; Described erbium-doped fiber 3 is a high-gain erbium-doped fiber, and its effect is as the gain medium of fiber laser; Described polarization-maintaining fiber 5 is a polarization-maintaining fiber with high birefringence characteristics, It forms birefringent fiber filter together with fiber polarizer 4; Described bandpass filter 6 is a tunable bandpass filter, and its effect is to select the transmission peak position of birefringent fiber filter comb transmission spectrum as lasing wavelength; the effect of the optical isolator 7 is to ensure that the laser signal in the resonator runs clockwise in the accompanying drawing 1; the 2 * 2 optical coupler 8 is a standard single-mode with a splitting ratio of 30:70 Fiber coupler, the 1 port of 2×2 optical coupler 8 is connected with the output end of optical isolator 7, the single-mode pigtail of 3 ports (light splitting ratio 30%) of 2×2 optical coupler 8 is connected with two-mode gradient refraction One end of optical fiber 9 is connected, 2 ports of 2×2 optical coupler 8 are connected with one end of erbium-doped fiber 3 to form a ring resonator, and 4 ports of 2×2 optical coupler 8 (split ratio 70%) are used as system output port; the two-mode graded-index fiber 9 is a few-mode fiber with only LP 01 and LP 11 , and it is connected to the single-mode pigtail of the 3 ports of the 2×2 optical coupler 8 and the 2 ports of the optical fiber circulator 10 The single-mode pigtails together form a spatial mode interference filter; the optical fiber circulator 10 is a three-port optical fiber circulator, and its 1 port and 3 port and the polarization controller 11 form a fiber optic reflector for adjusting the light in the ring cavity The polarization state of the signal changes the coupling ratio between the different modes.
实施例2本发明的工作原理Embodiment 2 Working principle of the present invention
本发明的波长可调谐单偏振单频环形腔光纤激光器采用反向泵浦结构，泵浦源1所发出的980nm泵浦光信号通过波分复用器2泵浦一段掺铒光纤3，光隔离器7用来保证环形谐振腔内激光信号沿顺时针运转，反向自发辐射光放大信号(由掺铒光纤3产生)进入由光纤偏振器4和保偏光纤5组成的双折射光纤滤波器。双折射光纤滤波器有效地选择单一偏振的光信号，其良好的偏振保持特性有益于光纤激光器的单偏振输出，同时其窄带滤波特性有益于抑制光纤激光器的多纵模振荡。双折射光纤滤波器的梳状透射谱波长间隔大于等于带通滤波器6的3dB带宽，带通滤波器6的中心波长依次调谐至双折射光纤滤波器梳状透射谱的透射峰位置，即实现了光纤激光器激射波长的选择。由2×2光耦合器8的3端口单模尾纤、两模渐变折射率光纤9和光纤环行器10的2端口单模尾纤组成空间模式干涉滤波器，光信号经2×2光耦合器8的1端口进入基于两模渐变折射率光纤9的空间模式干涉滤波器，基于两模渐变折射率光纤9的空间模式干涉滤波器中只有LP01和LP11两个模式之间相互干涉。光纤环行器10和偏振控制器11构成光纤反射镜，通过调整偏振控制器11既可调节循环振荡过程中再次进入光纤偏振器4的光信号偏振态，又可改变循环振荡过程中两个模式之间的耦合比例。光纤反射镜反射回来的光信号再次经过基于两模渐变折射率光纤9的空间模式干涉滤波器，这加强了LP01和LP11两个模式之间的干涉，可滤除因多模干涉导致的杂散边模，起到了抑制光纤激光器多纵模振荡的效果。光信号经2×2光耦合器8的3端口反馈到2×2光耦合器8的2端口，2×2光耦合器8的2端口与掺铒光纤3的一端相连组成环形谐振腔，反馈光信号在环形谐振腔内循环振荡，双折射光纤滤波器和空间模式干涉滤波器共同作用下光纤激光器的多纵模振荡被有效抑制，双折射光纤滤波器和偏振控制器共同作用下激光信号的偏振态不断被优化，使得经2×2光耦合器8的4端口输出的激光同时具有单频和单偏振特性。The wavelength-tunable single-polarization single-frequency ring-cavity fiber laser of the present invention adopts a reverse pumping structure, and the 980nm pumping optical signal sent by the pumping source 1 pumps a section of erbium-doped optical fiber 3 through the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the optical isolation The device 7 is used to ensure that the laser signal in the ring resonator runs clockwise, and the reverse spontaneous emission optical amplification signal (generated by the erbium-doped fiber 3) enters the birefringent fiber filter composed of the fiber polarizer 4 and the polarization-maintaining fiber 5. Birefringent fiber filters effectively select single-polarized optical signals, and their good polarization-maintaining characteristics are beneficial to the single-polarization output of fiber lasers, while their narrow-band filtering characteristics are beneficial to suppressing multi-longitudinal mode oscillations of fiber lasers. The comb-shaped transmission spectrum wavelength interval of the birefringent fiber filter is greater than or equal to the 3dB bandwidth of the band-pass filter 6, and the central wavelength of the band-pass filter 6 is tuned to the transmission peak position of the comb-shaped transmission spectrum of the birefringent fiber filter in turn, that is, realizing The selection of the lasing wavelength of the fiber laser. The spatial mode interference filter is composed of the 3-port single-mode pigtail of the 2×2 optical coupler 8, the two-mode graded-index fiber 9 and the 2-port single-mode pigtail of the optical fiber circulator 10, and the optical signal is coupled by 2×2 Port 1 of the filter 8 enters the spatial mode interference filter based on the two-mode graded-index fiber 9, and in the spatial-mode interference filter based on the two-mode graded-index fiber 9, only two modes, LP 01 and LP 11 , interfere with each other. The optical fiber circulator 10 and the polarization controller 11 constitute a fiber optic reflector. By adjusting the polarization controller 11, the polarization state of the optical signal re-entering the fiber polarizer 4 during the cyclic oscillation process can be adjusted, and the difference between the two modes during the cyclic oscillation process can be changed. Coupling ratio between. The optical signal reflected by the fiber mirror passes through the spatial mode interference filter based on the two-mode graded-index fiber 9 again, which strengthens the interference between the two modes of LP 01 and LP 11 , and can filter out the interference caused by multi-mode interference. The stray side mode has the effect of suppressing the multi-longitudinal mode oscillation of the fiber laser. The optical signal is fed back to port 2 of 2×2 optical coupler 8 through port 3 of 2×2 optical coupler 8, and port 2 of 2×2 optical coupler 8 is connected with one end of erbium-doped optical fiber 3 to form a ring resonant cavity, and the feedback The optical signal oscillates circularly in the ring resonator, and the multi-longitudinal mode oscillation of the fiber laser is effectively suppressed under the joint action of the birefringent fiber filter and the spatial mode interference filter. Under the joint action of the birefringent fiber filter and the polarization controller, the laser signal The polarization state is constantly optimized, so that the laser output through the 4 ports of the 2×2 optical coupler 8 has both single-frequency and single-polarization characteristics.
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