CN111145717B - Device and method for predicting environmental noise of rail transit - Google Patents
Device and method for predicting environmental noise of rail transit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111145717B CN111145717B CN202010001464.XA CN202010001464A CN111145717B CN 111145717 B CN111145717 B CN 111145717B CN 202010001464 A CN202010001464 A CN 202010001464A CN 111145717 B CN111145717 B CN 111145717B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/28—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit, which comprises: the system comprises a mounting bracket, a wheel set, a plurality of sound source parts for providing simulated noise sources, a reflecting plate for simulating and predicting the outer side surface of the rail transit vehicle and reflecting sound emitted by the sound source parts, a supporting seat with one end mounted on the mounting bracket and the other end mounted on the wheel set, and a control system for controlling the working of the sound source parts; the baffle is installed in the installing support, and sound source portion position adjustable installs in the baffle to calibrate sound source information, control system is connected with the speaker. The device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit can simulate the noise radiation parameters of the running process of the rail transit more accurately, and can be placed in an actual rail for testing, so that the environmental factors in the predicting process are the same as the actual running environmental factors of the later-stage vehicles, and the accuracy of noise prediction is improved. The invention also discloses a method for predicting the environmental noise applied to the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental noise measurement, in particular to a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit. In addition, the invention also relates to a method for predicting the environmental noise of the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit.
Background
The influence of the running noise of rail transit vehicles on the surrounding environment, especially the influence of noise radiation during the running of viaducts, is a major problem in the complaints of surrounding residents in the industry nowadays. In the prior art, the influence of vehicle running noise on the surrounding environment needs to be accurately predicted before the line is formally put into operation so as to evaluate whether the interval meets the requirements of related regulations.
Most of the current projects are tested for noise after the actual operation of the vehicle, and problems can be found at the later stage of the projects or the noise can be rectified after the problems of noise disturbance occur. The noise prediction is also realized by methods such as simulation calculation, the calculation parameters required by the simulation calculation are more, the parameters are often obtained through experience, the accuracy of the prediction of the calculation method is influenced by a plurality of parameters such as a prediction model, surrounding environment conditions, line conditions, vehicle acoustic performance and the like, and calculation errors can influence the later operation, so that the simulation result is inaccurate.
In summary, how to improve the accuracy of the prediction of the environmental noise of the rail transit is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit, which can simulate the noise radiation characteristic of the rail transit in actual running and improve the accuracy of the environmental noise prediction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting environmental noise applied to the apparatus for predicting environmental noise of rail transit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an apparatus for rail transit ambient noise prediction, comprising: the vehicle comprises a mounting bracket, a wheel set used for being in contact with a track, a plurality of sound source parts used for providing simulated noise sources, a reflecting plate used for simulating and predicting the outer side surface of a vehicle and reflecting sound emitted by the sound source parts, a supporting seat with one end mounted on the mounting bracket and the other end mounted on the wheel set, and a control system used for controlling the sound source parts to work;
the baffle plate position is adjustable install in the installing support, sound source portion position adjustable install in the baffle plate, in order to right the sound source information calibrates, control system with the speaker is connected.
Preferably, the reflecting plate includes an upper reflecting plate and a lower reflecting plate mounted to be position-adjustable in a width direction with respect to the upper reflecting plate;
the lower reflecting plate is connected with the upper reflecting plate, and the sound source part is arranged on the lower reflecting plate.
Preferably, the upper emission plate is of an L-shaped structure, and at least two groups of first mounting holes for mounting the lower reflection plate are formed in a horizontal plate of the L-shaped structure, so that the distance between the vertical part of the upper reflection plate and the lower reflection plate can be adjusted, and the test of different types of railway vehicles can be adapted.
Preferably, the lower reflection plate is provided with at least two sets of second installation holes for installing the sound source part to adjust the installation position of the sound source part.
Preferably, the sound source unit is a speaker.
Preferably, the mounting bracket comprises a first section bar arranged in parallel with the wheel set and a second section bar which is arranged symmetrically, is adjustable in position along the length direction of the first section bar, and is arranged at the lower part of the first section bar and is perpendicular to the first section bar;
the second section bar is connected with the supporting seat so as to adjust the distance between the supporting seat and the end part of the first section bar.
Preferably, the support seat comprises a first support portion and a second support portion, the second support portion is connected with the first support portion, and a connection position of the second support portion relative to the first support portion along a vertical direction is adjustable.
Preferably, one of the first support portion and the second support portion is provided with a slotted hole, the other is provided with a threaded hole matched with the slotted hole, and the length direction of the slotted hole is parallel to the height direction of the support seat.
A method for predicting environmental noise of a track traffic environment, which is applied to the device for predicting environmental noise of the track traffic environment, comprising:
building a model conforming to an object to be measured, and placing the model in a region to be measured;
selecting matched sound source and controller parameters;
controlling a sound source to emit required noise;
the noise level at the test location is recorded.
Preferably, the selecting the matching sound source and the controller parameters includes:
playing a sound source;
judging whether the line condition and the vehicle information at the test position are consistent with the information in the standard database, and if so, selecting the sound source as a matched sound source.
The invention provides a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit, which comprises: the vehicle comprises a mounting bracket, a wheel set, a sound source part, a reflecting plate, a supporting seat and a control system, wherein the wheel set is used for being contacted with a track, the sound source part is used for providing a simulated noise source, the reflecting plate is used for simulating and predicting the outer side surface of a vehicle and reflecting sound emitted by the sound source part, the supporting seat is arranged at one end of the mounting bracket, and the supporting seat is arranged at the other end of the mounting bracket and is arranged on the wheel set;
the baffle is installed in the installing support, and sound source portion position adjustable installs in the baffle to calibrate sound source information, control system is connected with the speaker.
In the process of predicting the environmental noise, the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit, which is provided by the invention, can be used, the wheel set is contacted with the rail, the function of walking along the rail is provided for the predicting device, the sound source provided by the sound source part simulates and predicts the sound radiation characteristic of the vehicle in actual running, and the reflecting plate reflects the sound energy emitted by the sound source part, so that the emitted noise energy is mainly concentrated on a predicted working surface, and simulates and predicts the sound reflection characteristic of the outer surface of the vehicle in the vehicle. The distance between the length direction of the wheel set and the reflecting plate can simulate the distance between the center of the track and the outer side of the vehicle. The noise radiation characteristics of the vehicle in actual running can be simulated by adjusting the installation positions and the installation quantity of the sound source parts, and the simulation accuracy can be calibrated by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit provided by the invention can accurately simulate the noise radiation characteristic of the rail transit vehicle during running, and can be placed in an actual rail for testing, so that the environmental factors in the predicting process are the same as the actual running environmental factors of the later-period vehicle, and the accuracy of noise prediction is greatly improved.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for predicting the environmental noise of the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a subway-type railway vehicle in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art subway rail vehicle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art tram-type rail vehicle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art tram-type rail vehicle;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum alloy beam of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an assembly schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit provided by the invention for simulating a rail vehicle of the subway class;
FIG. 8 is an assembly schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit according to the present invention for simulating a tram-type railcar;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of calibration of the sound source unit;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a matched sound source calibration;
fig. 11 is a flow chart of a method for predicting environmental noise of rail transit provided by the invention.
In fig. 1-11:
01 is a subway type railcar, 02 is a tramcar type railcar, 1 is a wheel set, 2 is a supporting seat, 3 is a mounting bracket, 4 is a reflecting plate, 5 is a sound source part, and 6 is a control system; s1 is the distance from the test position to the track center, S2 is the distance from the test position to the track surface, L1 is the distance from the track surface to the lower surface of the reflecting plate, L2 is the distance from the track center to the outer surface of the upper reflecting plate, L3 is the height of the upper reflecting plate, L4 is the mounting height of the loudspeaker from the track surface, L5 is the distance from the outer surface of the lower reflecting plate to the outer surface of the upper reflecting plate, and L6 is the height of the reflecting plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a device for predicting the environmental noise of rail transit, which can quickly build a model to perform noise experiments, so that the test result is more accurate. Another core of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting environmental noise applied to the above-mentioned device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a subway rail vehicle in the prior art; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art subway rail vehicle; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art tram-type rail vehicle; FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art tram-type rail vehicle; fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit provided by the present invention; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum alloy beam of FIG. 5; FIG. 7 is an assembly schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit provided by the invention for simulating a rail vehicle of the subway class; FIG. 8 is an assembly schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit according to the present invention for simulating a tram-type railcar; fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of calibration of the sound source unit; FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a matched sound source calibration; fig. 11 is a flow chart of a method for predicting environmental noise of rail transit provided by the invention.
The device for predicting environmental noise of rail transit provided by this embodiment includes: the vehicle comprises a mounting bracket 3, a wheel set 1 for contacting with a track, a sound source part 5 for providing a simulated noise source, a reflecting plate 4 for simulating and predicting the outer side surface of the vehicle and reflecting sound emitted by the sound source part 5, a supporting seat 2 with one end mounted on the mounting bracket 3 and the other end mounted on the wheel set 1, and a control system 6 for controlling the working of the source part;
the reflecting plate 4 is installed in the installing support 3, and the sound source 5 position is adjustable install in the reflecting plate 4 to calibrate sound source information, control system 6 is connected with the speaker.
Preferably, the mounting bracket 3 is made of an aluminum alloy Liang Dajian.
The height of the reflection plate 4 for simulating and predicting the outer side surface of the vehicle and reflecting the sound emitted from the sound source unit 5 is not a 1:1 model of the actual vehicle height, but the height of the reflection plate 4 is set according to the relevant acoustic principle.
It should be noted that, during the testing process, the wheel set 1 may be brought into contact with the track, and under necessary conditions, the wheel set 1 may also be moved relative to the track, which is specifically determined according to the actual situation, which is not described herein.
In the process of predicting the environmental noise, the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit provided by the embodiment can be used, the wheel set 1 is in contact with the rail, a function of walking along the rail is provided for the predicting device, the sound source provided by the sound source part 5 simulates and predicts the sound radiation characteristic of the vehicle in actual running, the reflecting plate 4 reflects the sound energy emitted by the sound source part 5, so that the emitted noise energy is mainly concentrated on a predicted working surface, and the sound reflection characteristic of the outer surface of the vehicle in the vehicle is simulated and predicted. The distance of the wheel set 1 from the reflecting plate 4 in the length direction can simulate the distance of the center of the track from the outside of the vehicle. By adjusting the installation positions and the number of the sound source units 5, the noise radiation characteristics of the vehicle can be simulated when the vehicle is actually running, and the accuracy of the simulation can be calibrated by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit provided by the invention can accurately simulate the noise radiation characteristic of the rail transit vehicle during running, and can be placed in an actual rail for testing, so that the environmental factors in the predicting process are the same as the actual running environmental factors of the later-period vehicle, and the accuracy of noise prediction is greatly improved. And the reflection plates 4 with different heights can be arranged according to different railway vehicles, or the installation positions of all parts can be adjusted so as to adapt to the prediction of the environmental noise of different railway vehicles.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, the reflection plate 4 may be made to include an upper reflection plate and a lower reflection plate mounted so as to be positionally adjustable in the width direction with respect to the upper reflection plate; the lower reflecting plate is connected to the upper reflecting plate, and the sound source unit 5 is provided in the lower reflecting plate.
When the environmental noise generated by the subway rail vehicle is predicted, the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit can be built according to the mode shown in fig. 7, a certain distance is reserved between the upper reflecting plate and the lower reflecting plate, the height L3 of the upper reflecting plate is used for simulating the height of the outer side surface of the vehicle, and when the environmental noise of the subway is predicted, the L3 can be generally set to be 1m. L1 is the distance from the track surface to the lower surface of the reflecting plate, and is used for simulating the distance from the track surface to the lower surface of the chassis of the vehicle body of the prediction target, and the support base 2 can be set to different heights for different L1. L2 is the distance from the center of the track to the outer surface of the upper reflecting plate, and the parameter is used for simulating the sound reflection characteristic of the surface outside the vehicle, and the adjustment of L2 is realized by adjusting the relative distance between the mounting bracket 3 and the wheel set 1. L4 is the installation height of the loudspeaker from the track surface, and preferably, the installation height can be set to be 1/2L1, and of course, according to actual test conditions, other numerical values can also be set, and the installation height is specifically determined according to actual conditions, and is not described herein. L5 is the distance from the outer surface of the lower reflecting plate to the outer surface of the upper reflecting plate, is used for simulating and predicting the distance between the outer surface of the wheel of the vehicle and the outer surface of the vehicle body, and can be adjusted by adjusting the mounting position of the lower reflecting plate relative to the upper reflecting plate.
When environmental noise prediction is required for a tramcar type rail vehicle, the device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit can be assembled in a mode shown in fig. 8, L2 in fig. 8 is the distance from the center of the rail to the outer surface of the upper reflecting plate, the parameter is used for simulating the acoustic reflection characteristic of the outer surface of the vehicle, and the adjustment of L2 is realized by adjusting the relative distance between the mounting bracket 3 and the wheel set 1. L6 is the height of the reflecting plate 4, the lower part of the reflecting plate 4 is flush with the surface of the track, the height of the reflecting plate 4 can be set to 2m, and of course, other values can be set, and the height is determined according to actual conditions, and details are not repeated here.
On the basis of the embodiment, the upper transmitting plate can be of an L-shaped structure, and at least two groups of first mounting holes for mounting the lower reflecting plate are formed in the horizontal plate of the L-shaped structure, so that the distance between the vertical part of the upper reflecting plate and the lower reflecting plate can be adjusted, and the test device is suitable for testing different types of railway vehicles.
Preferably, a plurality of groups of first mounting holes for connecting the lower reflecting plate may be provided in advance in the upper reflecting plate so as to facilitate adjustment of the mounting position of the lower reflecting plate, and preferably, the upper reflecting plate is connected with the lower reflecting plate by screws.
In order to enable convenient adjustment of the installation position of the sound source unit 5 on the basis of the above-described embodiment, at least two sets of second installation holes for installing the sound source unit 5 may be provided in the lower reflection plate to adjust the installation position of the sound source unit 5.
Preferably, the second mounting hole is a threaded hole.
In the use process, the sound emitted by the sound source part 5 can be more consistent with the sound of the noise source by adjusting the installation position of the sound source part 5.
Preferably, the sound source unit 5 is a speaker.
It should be noted that, in the actual testing process, a plurality of speakers may be set in the device for predicting the environmental noise of the same track traffic, and the number of specific speakers needs to be determined according to the actual situation, which is not described herein.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to more conveniently install the supporting seat 2 and to conveniently adjust the distance of L2 in fig. 7 and 8, the installation bracket 3 may include a first section bar arranged parallel to the wheel set 1 and a second section bar which is arranged symmetrically and is adjustable in position along the length direction of the first section bar, and is arranged at the lower part of the first section bar and is perpendicular to the first section bar;
the second section bar is connected with the supporting seat 2 to adjust the distance between the supporting seat 2 and the end of the first section bar.
Preferably, the first section bar and the second section bar are both metal beams, C-shaped grooves are designed on the metal beams, and connection and disassembly between the beams and the supporting seat 2 can be realized rapidly through T-shaped bolts.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the lower part of the first profile may be used for installing the reflective plate 4, the upper part of the first profile may be used for installing the control system 6, the second profiles are preferably installed with adjustable positions along the length direction of the first profile, and the two second profiles are respectively connected with different supporting seats 2, and in the use process, the distance from the track center to the outer surface of the upper reflective plate can be adjusted by adjusting the installation position of the second profiles relative to the first profile.
Preferably, the cross section of the first profile or the second profile is as shown in fig. 6.
The arrangement of the first section bar and the second section bar can enable each sub-component to realize the rapid assembly of each unit sub-component through the T-shaped bolt. By adjusting parameters among related components, the noise radiation characteristics of subway vehicles and tram vehicles and the sound reflection characteristics of the vehicle body can be simulated. And selecting a corresponding signal source according to the predicted line parameters and the running speed of the vehicle, and setting the parameters of the control system 6 to simulate the wheel track noise when the vehicle runs.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to facilitate adjustment of the distance L1 between the track surface and the lower surface of the upper reflective plate, the support base 2 may be configured to have a height-adjustable structure, so that the support base 2 includes a first support portion and a second support portion, the second support portion is connected to the first support portion, and a connection position of the second support portion relative to the first support portion along a vertical direction is adjustable.
Preferably, one of the first support portion and the second support portion is provided with a oblong hole, the other is provided with a threaded hole matched with the oblong hole, and the length direction of the oblong hole is parallel to the height direction of the support seat 2.
In the process of installation, can pass the slotted hole through the screw and screw up in the screw hole and make first supporting part and second supporting part be connected, under the screw tightening state, first supporting part is fixed for the second supporting part and sets up, under the screw loosening state, first supporting part and second supporting part can relatively move to the holistic height of adjustment supporting seat 2.
In addition to the above-mentioned device for predicting the environmental noise of the track traffic, the present invention also provides a method for predicting the environmental noise of the track traffic, which is applied to the device for predicting the environmental noise of the track traffic disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the method for predicting the environmental noise of the track traffic includes:
step S1, building a model conforming to an object to be measured, and placing the model in a region to be measured.
In the step S1, the built model needs to be built according to the acoustic radiation characteristics of the railway vehicle to be tested, so that the model is matched with the railway vehicle to be tested, and a more accurate test effect is achieved.
And S2, selecting parameters of the matched sound source and the controller.
In order to improve the accuracy of the predictions, the signal emitted by the speaker needs to be as close as possible to the predicted acoustic characteristics of the vehicle. These acoustic properties include the sound pressure level of the sound and the frequency content of the sound source; in selecting a matching sound source sample, it is first necessary to store in the control system 6 several pieces of sound source sample data similar to the actual operation of the railway vehicle to be tested, which are related to the type of vehicle, the operation speed and the operation line conditions. When a sound source sample is acquired, wheel track noise at the bogie is required to be acquired as a signal output by a loudspeaker during prediction, and a sensor for acquiring the signal can be arranged at a proper position around the bogie; meanwhile, noise at the position 7.5m away from the track is required to be collected as a reference signal of the prediction system, when the signal is played in the assembled model after collection, noise information at the position 7.5m away from the model is collected and compared with the reference signal, and when the noise information is consistent with the reference signal, the noise information can be used as a matched sound source.
The noise emitted by the loudspeaker of the prediction system is similar item vehicle wheel track noise collected in the earlier stage, so that the closer the parameter related to the wheel track noise in the output signal is to the actual parameter of the line to be predicted, the higher the accuracy of the prediction is. The signal database requires a number of noisy signal samples, each of which requires recording parameters related to track noise. When the prediction is performed, the noise source signal is selected according to the actual parameters of the predicted line. The collected signal samples need to be recorded: ballast bed types including concrete ballast bed, etc.; sleeper types including concrete sleeper, wood sleeper; sleeper spacing, etc.; the fastener type comprises a common fastener, a vibration damping fastener and the like; the track type comprises an I-shaped track and a groove-shaped track; rail weights such as UIC 60, UIC50, etc.; track roughness, including tracks that are not polished and tracks that are polished.
In the test process, the matched sound source needs to be calibrated, the process of calibrating the matched sound source is shown in fig. 9, noise emitted by a speaker array of the prediction system needs to simulate the external noise radiation characteristic of an actual vehicle, the number of speakers and corresponding power parameters of each output speaker need to be set. The method can be used for obtaining the free sound field interval of the test field. As shown in fig. 9, the distance D of the sensor from the track center line is typically set to 7.5m and the microphone height is 1.2m. And a P0 point is arranged at the central line of the railway vehicle, and the corresponding output signal is S1. The P1 point is set at one end 1/2D, corresponding to the signal S2. The control system 6 inputs the desired predicted sound source signal, adjusts the number of speakers and the distance therebetween, and adjusts the output power of each speaker so that the difference in sound pressure between P0 and P1 is not more than 2dB. After the completion, parameters such as the railcar, the reflecting plate 4, the loudspeaker, the signal output and the like are recorded, and the later prediction can be reused.
In the above-described process of calibrating the matched sound source, it is necessary to constantly adjust the set positions and the set number of speakers.
And S3, controlling the sound source to emit required noise.
During the test, after the calibration of the matched sound source, the control system 6 can control the loudspeaker to play the corresponding matched sound source information.
Step S5, recording the noise level at the test position.
In addition to noise prediction for the initial opening of the project, i.e. the initial condition of the track surface, the method can also predict noise after the track condition gradually worsens after the line is operated for a period of time. If the change trend of line noise is predicted after the wave grinding occurs on the surface of the track, a typical wheel track noise database corresponding to the wave grinding wavelength and wave depth needs to be acquired in the database. Track surface roughness through professional equipment testing
The above are parameters related to the track, generally predict that the vehicle may change and also operate at a speed, and the data collection recommended level is: 20km/h,40km/h,60km/h,80km/h,100km/h,120km/h at a constant speed; accelerating at 0-30 km/h; the speed is reduced by 30 km/h-0, and of course, other values can be adopted, and the speed is determined according to actual conditions.
It should be noted that, the first and second mounting holes, the first and second profiles, and the first and second supporting portions are only used to distinguish the positions, and there is no sequential distinction.
On the basis of the above embodiment, step S2 may include:
step S21, playing the sound source.
And S22, judging whether the line condition and the vehicle information at the test position are consistent with the information in the standard database, and if so, selecting the sound source as a matched sound source.
As shown in fig. 10, S1 is the distance of the test position from the center of the track, and S2 is the distance of the test position from the track surface.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. Any combination of all the embodiments provided in the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention, and will not be described herein.
The device and the method for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit provided by the invention are described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for predicting environmental noise in rail transit, comprising: the device comprises a mounting bracket (3), a wheel set (1) used for being in contact with a track, a plurality of sound source parts (5) used for providing simulated noise sources, a reflecting plate (4) used for simulating and predicting the outer side surface of a vehicle and reflecting sound emitted by the sound source parts (5), a supporting seat (2) with one end mounted on the mounting bracket (3) and the other end mounted on the wheel set (1), and a control system (6) used for controlling the sound source parts (5) to work;
the reflecting plate (4) is arranged on the mounting bracket (3) in an adjustable position, the sound source part (5) is arranged on the reflecting plate (4) in an adjustable position so as to calibrate the sound source information, the sound source part (5) is a loudspeaker, and the control system (6) is connected with the loudspeaker;
the reflecting plate (4) comprises an upper reflecting plate and a lower reflecting plate which is arranged in a position adjustable way along the width direction relative to the upper reflecting plate;
the lower reflecting plate is connected with the upper reflecting plate, and the sound source part (5) is arranged on the lower reflecting plate;
the upper reflecting plate is of an L-shaped structure, and at least two groups of first mounting holes for mounting the lower reflecting plate are formed in a horizontal plate of the L-shaped structure, so that the distance between the vertical part of the upper reflecting plate and the lower reflecting plate is adjusted, and the test device is suitable for testing of different types of railway vehicles.
2. The apparatus for predicting environmental noise in rail transit of claim 1, wherein the lower reflecting plate is provided with at least two sets of second mounting holes for mounting the sound source part (5) to adjust the mounting position of the sound source part (5).
3. The device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit according to claim 1, wherein the mounting bracket (3) comprises a first section bar arranged in parallel with the wheel set (1) and a second section bar which is arranged at the lower part of the first section bar and is perpendicular to the first section bar, wherein the second section bar is adjustable in position along the length direction of the first section bar and symmetrically arranged;
the second section bar is connected with the supporting seat (2) to adjust the distance between the supporting seat (2) and the end part of the first section bar.
4. The device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit according to claim 1, wherein the supporting seat (2) comprises a first supporting portion and a second supporting portion, the second supporting portion is connected with the first supporting portion, and the connection position of the second supporting portion relative to the first supporting portion along the vertical direction is adjustable.
5. The device for predicting the environmental noise of the rail transit of claim 4, wherein one of the first support portion and the second support portion is provided with an oblong hole, the other is provided with a threaded hole which is matched with the oblong hole, and the length direction of the oblong hole is parallel to the height direction of the support base (2).
6. A method for predicting environmental noise in a rail transit environment, applied to the device for predicting environmental noise in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
building a model conforming to an object to be measured, and placing the model in a region to be measured;
selecting matching sound source and controller parameters
Controlling a sound source to emit required noise;
the noise level at the test location is recorded.
7. The method of rail transit ambient noise prediction according to claim 6, wherein said selecting matching sound source and controller parameters comprises:
playing a sound source;
judging whether the line condition and the vehicle information at the test position are consistent with the information in the standard database, and if so, selecting the sound source as a matched sound source.
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