CN111142081A - Radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on digital coding super surface - Google Patents
Radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on digital coding super surface Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract
The invention provides a radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on a digital coding super surface, which is characterized in that the digital coding super surface is arranged on the surface of a protection target, and the electromagnetic scattering amplitude of the digital coding super surface is adjusted to further adjust the electromagnetic scattering characteristic difference of the protection target and the environmental background where the protection target is located, so that the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the protection target and the environmental background where the protection target is located tend to be consistent, the radar self-adaptive camouflage of the protection target is realized, and the detection cost of an enemy radar detection system is increased. The radar camouflage method provided by the invention can flexibly and dynamically adjust the electromagnetic scattering characteristic according to different environments of the protection target, reduce the radar exposure symptoms of the protection target under the typical environment background, achieve the radar self-adaptive camouflage effect, and provide a new thought for the radar camouflage technology research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar camouflage, and particularly relates to a method for adjusting electromagnetic scattering characteristics, enabling the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of a protective target and a background environment to be consistent, reducing radar exposure symptoms of the protective target under a typical environment background, and achieving radar self-adaptive camouflage.
Background
The radar is a sensor which can acquire long-distance target information autonomously, all-weather and all-weather, and is an essential detection means in modern military development. With the continuous improvement of the detection capability of modern radars, the high-value military target of one party faces a great exposure risk, and has great military significance and practical prospect for avoiding the serious threat of enemy radars to the high-value military target of one party and developing the radar camouflage technology of the high-value target in a battlefield.
The traditional radar camouflaging technology mainly comprises the following steps: 1. the technology for realizing the camouflage effect by utilizing the anti-detector arranged near the target to be protected or additionally arranged on the target to be protected mainly comprises the technologies of a camouflage net, a deformed camouflage layer, a camouflage covering layer and the like. However, the technology has high requirements on camouflage net design and material selection, the applicable frequency band is narrow, and the camouflage effect is fixed after the design is finished, so that the technology can only be applied to limited scenes. 2. The false-imitation technique is used for imitating various false targets with physical characteristics completely consistent with those of the protection target and attracting the attention and the fire of an enemy by using the false targets. The technology can effectively reduce the probability of reconnaissance and attack of the protection target, but the technology needs to design and prepare different false targets aiming at different protection targets, and has the defects of large volume, high implementation cost and the like.
On the other hand, researchers at home and abroad have made some progress on adaptive camouflage materials, such as color-changing multispectral camouflage materials, temperature-control and emissivity-variable camouflage materials, broadband light radar absorbing materials and the like. The electronic simulation color-changing camouflage clothes developed in America adopts an active system, the surface of the fabric of the camouflage clothes is covered by a metal coating similar to a camouflage pattern, and the camouflage color, the pattern, the surface temperature and the thermal radiation intensity of the metal coating are adjusted in an electric control mode to be consistent with the environmental background, so that the optical and infrared camouflage of a protective target is realized.
The digital coding metamaterial is a novel metamaterial which is characterized, analyzed and designed in a full digital mode. Compared with the 'analog metamaterial' based on the equivalent medium theory, the digital coding metamaterial can flexibly control the regulation and control of electromagnetic waves through the endowed coding sequence. The digital coding metamaterial can regulate or simulate the electromagnetic scattering characteristic of a special background on the premise of not actively transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, and electromagnetic interference and deception are realized. And because the digital coding metamaterial has the characteristics of wide designed frequency band, low profile, conformality and the like, the metamaterial has wide application prospect in the fields of electromagnetic stealth, electronic countermeasure and the like, and is one of the hot spots of the research in the field of electromagnetic stealth regulation at home and abroad at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on a digital coding super surface based on the idea of electronic simulation color-changing optical self-adaptive camouflage clothes and the regulation and control capability of digital coding metamaterials on electromagnetic scattering characteristics. The electromagnetic scattering amplitude of the protective target and the environmental background tends to be consistent by utilizing the flexible dynamic regulation and control of the super surface on the electromagnetic scattering amplitude, and the radar self-adaptive camouflage is realized.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on a digital coding super surface is characterized in that the digital coding super surface is installed on the surface of a protection target, and the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and an environmental background where the protection target is located is adjusted by adjusting the electromagnetic scattering amplitude of the digital coding super surface, so that the electromagnetic scattering amplitudes of the protection target and the environmental background where the protection target is located tend to be consistent, and the radar self-adaptive camouflage of the protection target is realized.
The digital coding super surface consists of an artificial electromagnetic surface and a digital control module, wherein the artificial electromagnetic surface consists of a plurality of digital coding artificial units which are periodically arranged, and the unit period is half wavelength. Each digital encodable artificial unit integrates 1 switch diode, is controlled by independent direct current bias, can dynamically present two different electromagnetic responses with the phase difference of 180 degrees of electromagnetic wave reflection under two different bias voltages, and is respectively marked as two encodings of '0' and '1'. Each digital encodable artificial unit can be independently designed into a group of codes, and the bias voltage provided by the digital control module can be rapidly switched. The digitally encoded meta-surface is a digitally programmable space-time encoded meta-material as disclosed in prior art patent application publication No. CN 108511916 a.
The invention firstly designs and prepares the required digital coding super surface according to the protection target and the applicable frequency band, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a base material for preparing the digital coding super surface according to the curvature of the surface of the protective target strong scattering center, wherein the base material is divided into a rigid base material and a flexible base material. Wherein, if the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target is a plane structure, a rigid substrate can be selected; if the surface of the strong scattering center of the protective target is a curved surface or an irregular complex shape, a flexible substrate can be selected. Secondly, the required size and shape of the digital coding super surface are adapted to the size of the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target, the whole surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target can be completely coated, and the required size and shape of the digital coding super surface can be determined according to the size of the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target; determining the period spacing of the artificial units in the digital coding super surface to be lambda/2 according to the wavelength lambda of the radar signal, and knowing the number of the artificial units in the digital coding super surface to be prepared according to the required size of the digital coding super surface and the period spacing of the artificial units; and preparing a corresponding digital coding super surface based on the selected base material, and finally correspondingly attaching and mounting the prepared digital coding super surface on the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target.
According to the invention, parameter information such as system, frequency band, wavelength, detection angle and the like of the radar is obtained by utilizing an electronic reconnaissance system or information, and the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between a protection target and the surrounding environment is calculated by modeling according to the parameter information of the radar. In practical use, an electromagnetic scattering amplitude library of the protective target and the typical environment background in a typical application scene can be established, that is, electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference data in the scattering amplitude library can be directly called in the typical application scene.
In the invention, the method for adjusting the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protective target and the environmental background where the protective target is located by the digital coding super surface comprises the following steps: and designing an electromagnetic scattering amplitude directional diagram of the digital coding super surface based on the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and the background environment, designing the code of the super surface according to the directional diagram in an inversion manner, and controlling the electromagnetic scattering amplitude of the digital coding super surface by using the designed coding scheme so that the electromagnetic scattering amplitudes of the protection target and the environment background where the protection target is located tend to be consistent. Specifically, if the electromagnetic scattering amplitude of the current protection target is higher than that of the environmental background by NdB in the environmental background, the digitally encoded super surface can be controlled to reduce the electromagnetic scattering amplitude by NdB.
According to the invention, a reflected signal subjected to digital coding super-surface regulation enters a radar receiver, a radar echo one-dimensional range profile or two-dimensional imaging result is obtained through a receiver down-conversion and signal processing module, the characteristics of a protection target in the imaging result are greatly changed, the fusion degree with an environment background is higher, and the radar self-adaptive camouflage of the protection target is realized. The invention improves the difficulty of radar detection.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on a digital coding super surface aiming at the defects of the existing radar camouflage technology. The method not only avoids the limitation that the traditional camouflage net needs to be designed aiming at different environments and the camouflage effect is solidified after the design and the forming, but also overcomes the defects of complex preparation amount, poor flexibility and high cost of the camouflage design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a radar adaptive camouflage method based on a digitally encoded super surface.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a digitally-encoded artificial unit.
The experimental scenario in the embodiment of fig. 3 is schematically illustrated.
FIG. 4 is a result diagram of a one-dimensional distance image before disguising in a background environment of a protected target laboratory.
FIG. 5 is a one-dimensional range profile result graph after camouflage in a background environment of a protected target laboratory.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of different encoding schemes and corresponding scattering characteristics for a super-surface, where (a) is an encoding scheme with a scattering amplitude attenuation of 2dB and its corresponding super-surface scattering pattern, (b) is an encoding scheme with a scattering amplitude attenuation of 10dB and its corresponding super-surface scattering pattern, and (c) is an encoding scheme with a scattering amplitude attenuation of 30dB and its corresponding super-surface scattering pattern.
FIG. 7 shows radar one-dimensional range profile results before and after different amplitude attenuation modulation of a super surface.
FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged view of a radar one-dimensional range profile before and after different amplitude attenuation modulation of a super surface.
Fig. 9 shows simulation imaging result diagrams of radar imaging before and after the camouflage of the protection target in different background environments, where (a) is a simulation imaging result diagram of an exposure state when the background environment is a metal plate, (b) is a simulation imaging result diagram of a camouflage state when the background environment is a metal plate, (c) is a simulation imaging result diagram of an exposure state when the background environment is dry snow, (d) is a simulation imaging result diagram of a camouflage state when the background environment is dry snow, (e) is a simulation imaging result diagram of an exposure state when the background environment is soil, (f) is a simulation imaging result diagram of a camouflage state when the background environment is soil, (h) is a simulation imaging result diagram of an exposure state when the background environment is grassland, and (g) is a simulation imaging result diagram of a camouflage state when the background environment is grassland.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In this embodiment, the invention and the technical effects that the invention can produce are explained in detail by taking an example of a front and back experiment process of detecting a protection target camouflage provided with a super surface by an X-band radar in a laboratory environment.
In this embodiment: an iron flat plate with the size of 30cm by 30cm is selected as a protection target, a laboratory wall is used as a background environment, in order to distinguish the protection target from the radar in a one-dimensional range image, the protection target is placed at a position 5m right in front of the radar, the distance between the radar and the laboratory wall is about 13m, and an experimental scene is schematically shown in fig. 3.
The digital coding super surface consists of an artificial electromagnetic surface and a digital control module, wherein the artificial electromagnetic surface consists of a plurality of digital coding artificial units which are periodically arranged, and the unit period is half wavelength. Each digital encodable artificial unit integrates 1 switching diode, is controlled by independent direct current bias, can dynamically present two different electromagnetic responses with the phase difference of 180 degrees of electromagnetic wave reflection under two different bias voltages, and is respectively marked as '0' and '1' codes, and the structure of the digital encodable artificial unit is schematically shown in fig. 2. Each digital encodable artificial unit can be independently designed into a group of codes, and the bias voltage provided by the digital control module can be rapidly switched.
Electromagnetic scattering amplitude is regulated and controlled through the super surface, so that the scattering amplitude of a protection target at a radar detection end and a background wall tends to be consistent. The specific implementation flow chart is shown in fig. 1, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and designing and installing a digital coding super surface.
In this example, a metal back plate was selected as the super-surface substrate. And designing artificial units and arrangement of the digital coding super-surface by taking the center frequency as 10GHz according to the applicable frequency band as an X wave band, wherein the wavelength lambda of a radar signal corresponding to the center frequency is 3cm, and the periodic interval of the artificial units is lambda/2 =1.5 cm. In the embodiment, a common iron flat plate is used as a protection target, and the size and the shape of the digital coding super surface are the same as the size of the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target. This example requires the preparation of a digitally coded super surface with dimensions of 30cm by 30cm, i.e. a number of artificial cells of 20 by 20.
And mounting the prepared digital coding super surface on the surface of an iron block with the same shape and area size. A corresponding digital control module is designed based on FPGA, different bias voltages are provided for each manual unit through 400I/O interfaces, and codes of '0' and '1' are respectively and correspondingly coded. The digital control module based on the FPGA is the prior art, and the embodiment can refer to the diode array online synchronous control system based on the FPGA disclosed in utility model CN 210090669U.
Step two: and (4) detecting/calculating the difference of electromagnetic scattering amplitudes of the environment and the target.
Based on the embodiment, the data and the imaging result of the radar to be confronted can be obtained, so that the radar detection result before super-surface modulation can be directly used as prior information to judge the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and the laboratory background environment. The result of the one-dimensional range profile obtained by the radar before the super-surface electromagnetic scattering amplitude modulation is shown in fig. 4. From the one-dimensional range profile, it can be seen that there is a sharp target peak at 5m, with an amplitude of about 6.5 x 104(ii) a There is a weak target peak at a distance of 13m, with an amplitude of about 104The scattering amplitudes of the two differ by about 16.2 dB.
Step three: and self-adaptive control of the electromagnetic characteristics of the super surface.
And different coding schemes are switched by utilizing the digital control module, so that different amplitude attenuation of the super-surface backward electromagnetic scattering is realized. The different coding schemes and corresponding super-surface scattering patterns are shown in fig. 6, where (a) is the coding scheme with the scattering amplitude attenuated by 2dB and the corresponding super-surface scattering pattern, (b) is the coding scheme with the scattering amplitude attenuated by 10dB and the corresponding super-surface scattering pattern, and (c) is the coding scheme with the scattering amplitude attenuated by 30dB and the corresponding super-surface scattering pattern. The above coding scheme illustrates that the medium-color cells are the code "1" and the light-color cells are the code "0". And controlling the attenuation of the super-surface modulation electromagnetic scattering amplitude to be about 16dB according to the scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and the background wall obtained in the step two, and obtaining a radar one-dimensional distance image result after the protection target is disguised as shown in FIG. 5.
In order to further verify the disguising capability of the super surface in different background environments, the super surface is utilized to carry out different amplitude reduction regulation, radar intermediate frequency echo data are recorded to be analyzed, a radar one-dimensional range profile result before and after the super surface different amplitude attenuation modulation shown in figure 7 is obtained, and the local amplification near a distance unit where a target is located is shown in figure 8.
Step four: and generating the target electromagnetic camouflage effect.
Comparing fig. 4 and fig. 5, it can be seen that the scattering amplitude of the guard target and the background wall in the one-dimensional distance image is substantially equivalent after the super-surface scattering reduction modulation. Further, fig. 9 shows the simulation imaging results of the exposure state and the camouflage state of the protection target in several typical background environments, where (a) is a simulation imaging result graph of the exposure state when the background environment is a metal plate, (b) is a simulation imaging result graph of the camouflage state when the background environment is a metal plate, (c) is a simulation imaging result graph of the exposure state when the background environment is dry snow, (d) is a simulation imaging result graph of the camouflage state when the background environment is dry snow, (e) is a simulation imaging result graph of the exposure state when the background environment is soil, (f) is a simulation imaging result graph of the camouflage state when the background environment is soil, (h) is a simulation imaging result graph of the exposure state when the background environment is grassland, and (g) is a simulation imaging result graph of the camouflage state when the background environment is grassland. As can be seen from the figure, the digital coding super surface can adapt to a typical background environment, and effective self-adaptive camouflage is realized, so that the effectiveness of the method provided by the invention is proved.
In summary, although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on a digital coding super surface is characterized in that the digital coding super surface is installed on the surface of a protection target, and the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and an environmental background where the protection target is located is adjusted by adjusting the electromagnetic scattering amplitude of the digital coding super surface, so that the electromagnetic scattering amplitudes of the protection target and the environmental background where the protection target is located tend to be consistent, and the radar self-adaptive camouflage of the protection target is realized, wherein the method for adjusting the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and the environmental background where the protection target is located is as follows: and designing an electromagnetic amplitude directional diagram of the digital coding super surface based on the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and the background environment, designing the code of the super surface according to the directional diagram in an inversion manner, and controlling the digital coding super surface to regulate and control the electromagnetic scattering amplitude by using the designed coding scheme.
2. The radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on the digital coding super surface according to claim 1, wherein the digital coding super surface consists of an artificial electromagnetic surface and a digital control module, wherein the artificial electromagnetic surface consists of a plurality of digital coding artificial units which are arranged periodically, and the unit period is half wavelength; each digital encodable artificial unit integrates 1 switch diode, is controlled by independent direct current bias, can dynamically present two different electromagnetic responses with the phase difference of 180 degrees of electromagnetic wave reflection under two different bias voltages, and is respectively marked as two codes of '0' and '1'; each digital encodable artificial unit can be independently designed into a group of codes, and the bias voltage provided by the digital control module can be rapidly switched.
3. The radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on the digital coding super surface according to claim 2, wherein the required digital coding super surface is designed and prepared according to the protection target and the applicable frequency band, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a base material for preparing a digital coding super surface according to the curvature of the surface of a protective target strong scattering center; secondly, the required size and shape of the digital coding super surface are adapted to the size of the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target, the whole surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target can be completely coated, and the required size and shape of the digital coding super surface can be determined according to the size of the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target; determining the period spacing of the artificial units in the digital coding super surface to be lambda/2 according to the wavelength lambda of the radar signal, and knowing the number of the artificial units in the digital coding super surface to be prepared according to the required size of the digital coding super surface and the period spacing of the artificial units; and preparing a corresponding digital coding super surface based on the selected base material, and finally correspondingly attaching and mounting the prepared digital coding super surface on the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target.
4. The radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on the digital coding super surface according to claim 3, wherein the base materials of the digital coding super surface are divided into a rigid base material and a flexible base material, and if the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target is of a planar structure, the rigid base material is selected; if the surface of the strong scattering center of the protection target is a curved surface or an irregular complex shape, the flexible base material is selected.
5. The radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on the digital coding super surface according to claim 1, wherein the system, frequency band and detection angle parameter information of the radar is obtained by using an electronic reconnaissance system or information, and the electromagnetic scattering amplitude difference between the protection target and the surrounding environment is calculated by modeling according to the parameter information of the radar.
6. The radar adaptive camouflage method based on the digital coding super surface according to claim 1, wherein if the electromagnetic scattering intensity of the protection target is higher than that of the environmental background in the environmental background where the current protection target is located, the digital coding super surface is controlled to reduce the electromagnetic scattering amplitude by NdB.
7. The radar self-adaptive camouflage method based on the digital coding super surface according to claim 1, wherein a reflection signal regulated and controlled by the digital coding super surface enters a radar receiver, a radar echo one-dimensional range profile or a two-dimensional imaging result is obtained through a receiver down-conversion and signal processing module, the characteristics of a protection target in the imaging result are greatly changed, the fusion degree with an environment background is high, and radar self-adaptive camouflage of the protection target is realized.
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