CN110927692A - Solution method for searching radar radio frequency stealth working mode in sea clutter scene - Google Patents
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/418—Theoretical aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/414—Discriminating targets with respect to background clutter
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solving method suitable for searching a radar radio frequency stealth working mode in a sea clutter scene. In a sea clutter scene, the high-intensity surface clutter can cause the rise of false alarm probability, the influence of the sea clutter on the judgment of a receiver is considered in a radiation model, the echo intensity is limited, the false alarm problem possibly faced by other algorithms under the sea clutter is corrected, and the algorithm result is in line with the reality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency stealth resource management, and particularly relates to optimization of search radar working parameters under a radio frequency stealth condition.
Background
A search radar is an active radio frequency system that searches for a target by radiating a specific electromagnetic wave waveform and detecting echo signal characteristics. Through the search and tracking of the target, the radar can guide the aircraft to hit the target correctly. In order to avoid interception of the aircraft by an enemy and guarantee effective implementation of a striking task, the survivability of the aircraft on a battlefield needs to be improved, and with the development of weapon research, threats to be faced by the aircraft come from not only an active radar of the enemy but also a passive interception platform of the enemy. Radio frequency stealth technology refers to the adoption of low interception technology to combat passive interception platforms. Currently, many radar users describe low interception techniques as an important technical requirement. A low interception probability radar is a radar that uses a transmit waveform to prevent a non-cooperating interception receiver from intercepting and detecting its transmitted signal. The radar radio frequency stealth technical index is a basis for judging the radar stealth performance, so that the stealth performance of different radars under different scenes is compared. Whether an interception receiver can intercept radar is related to the signal-to-noise ratio received by the receiver and can be generally expressed by a probability density function. The low interception probability radar at the present stage of the probability of the intercepted radar generally adopts a lower peak value, because of the characteristic of non-cooperation of two parties of enemy and my, under the condition that the arrival angle, the working frequency and the waveform of an active platform are unknown, the first interception of a passive receiver is mainly realized by intercepting the peak power of a single pulse, and almost no processing gain can be obtained. In addition, the active target control technology also requires that the radar adopts a low-sidelobe antenna, so that an enemy cannot intercept enough energy in an airspace where a sidelobe is located passively. The radar also needs to dynamically control the radiation power, dynamically adjust the transmission power according to the range of the searched target, and reduce the radiation energy as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the searching performance. Transmitters are also typically required to have frequency agility and large instantaneous bandwidth to avoid passive platform frequency-seeking receivers.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: a working mode of the radio frequency stealth radar during target searching is provided. Aiming at a search task in a sea clutter scene, a detection theory and a passive interception theory of the radar are researched, and an optimal search mode of the radio frequency stealth radar, including starting opportunity, radiation power, residence time and the like, is obtained.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the problems:
(1) the type of the passive threat to be combated is selected, and working parameters such as the working bandwidth, the antenna gain, the lowest detection threshold and the like of the passive receiver are determined and taken as general typical values.
(2) And selecting a sea clutter scene according to the search task, determining a sea clutter scattering coefficient according to the scene, and calculating a proper radar pitching coverage range according to the task requirement.
(3) In the background of sea clutter, because of the time-varying nature of sea clutter, a constant false alarm detection method is usually adopted to avoid high false alarm probability, for an average value type constant false alarm detection method, the detection probability and the false alarm probability are related to the number of reference units on both sides of a detection unit, and a proper reference unit needs to be selected so that a higher detection probability can be achieved when the condition of the false alarm probability is met.
(4) And establishing a constraint planning model for searching the radar under the sea clutter background by taking the ratio of the passive interception distance and the radar detection distance as an index of radio frequency stealth performance through the relationship among all parameters. The concrete model is as follows:
(5) the optimal solution meeting the model is obtained by taking the transmitting power, the beam width, the transmitting gain and the like as optimization parameters, taking the ratio of the intercepted distance to the detection distance as a target function and taking the minimum detection distance and the signal-to-noise ratio as constraints.
Has the advantages that: research aiming at energy control during radar search has achieved a lot of research results, but in a sea clutter scene, the detection performance of a radar is greatly different from that in a simple noise environment, and the research on energy control during search in a general environment is no longer suitable for a sea surface search task. According to the method, radar detection conditions under the sea clutter are added into the model, and then the calculated value is solved and simulated to prove that the calculated value has reference significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of solving a radar radio frequency stealth working mode under a sea clutter environment
FIG. 2 is a side view of a conventional radiation pattern when radar searches the sea
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the coverage of sea area when radar searches sea area
FIG. 4 is a graph of population fitness variation during model solution using genetic algorithms.
Fig. 5 shows the detection performance and radio-frequency stealth performance of a radar using the design operating parameters of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
1. Determining a confrontation target, a working environment and a radar search mode of the radar, determining the type and parameters of the confrontation target needing to determine the opposite side to be passive, wherein the working environment comprises sea conditions and wind speed, and the search mode comprises parameters such as finding distance, flying height and scanning angle domain. And analyzing and researching the constraint relation between main parameters of radar work according to the radar working principle and the sea clutter characteristics.
(1) When the radar searches for the sea area, an azimuth two-dimensional scanning method is adopted, as shown in fig. 2, the radar beam width of the array antenna is related to the antenna gain, and the empirical formula of the 3dB beam width of the array antenna is defined as:
using a fixed angular field psi in the pitch directionmin～ψmax. As the ground wipe angle increases, the scattering coefficient of the clutter also increases, and therefore the radar illuminates the target at a 0 degree pitch angle. Then psi min0. Influenced by the curvature of the earth, the line-of-sight distance of the radar with the height h to the sea surface target is farthest
The radar covers the sea surface in the range of
The aircraft with the speed v is in a scanning period TsThe distance of inner advance is delta d-Tsv, as shown in FIG. 3, if the radar needs to scan the same area several times during the search, Δ d < w is guaranteed. Then psimaxThe values of (A) are as follows:
(2) when a radar executes a search task, a target needs to be found in advance at a certain distance from the target, then a track is adjusted, and finally the target reaches a sea area where the target is located, when working parameters of the radar are designed, the detection distance of the radar must be ensured, the distance of the radar detection target can be obtained according to a radar equation, and the expression is as follows:
(3) when the radar detects the sea surface target, the clutter part in the echo is essentially formed by backscattering of a transmitting wave beam irradiating the sea surface, and the intensity of the backscattering is equal to the projection area S of the radar range gate on the sea surfacecScattering coefficient sigma from sea surface0In this regard, the backscattering intensity of the sea surface may be represented by the RCS of the clutter, which may be expressed as:
wherein theta is3dBThe antenna has a 3dB wave beam width, R is the distance between the radar and an irradiation area, tau is the pulse width after pulse pressure, and psi is the lower apparent ground angle of the radar. The scattering coefficient sigma can be obtained by modeling experimental data0Can be calculated by a GIT model in the interference region, and the scattering coefficients of HH polarization and VV polarization thereof can be expressed as
Where ψ is the angle of incidence, havIs the average sea height and has an approximate relation h with the wind speed Uav＝0.00452U2.5The relation between the wind speed U and the sea condition s is that U is 3.16s0.8
The strength ratio of the target echo to the clutter of the receiver is equivalent to the ratio of the RCS of the target to the clutter, and the signal-to-clutter ratio at the input end of the receiver is independent of the transmitting power. Specifically, it can be expressed as:
2. and establishing a radio frequency stealth constraint planning model under the uncertain condition of the target threat environment.
(1) Establishing constraint conditions
When the target and clutter are aliased across the doppler spectrum, constant false alarm detection (CFAR) may be used to resolve the target echo in the clutter, which is defined in the CA-CFAR detection algorithm
And
are respectively represented by xi(i＝1，…，n)，yiAnd (i is 1, …, n), and the reference units on the left and right sides are n in length. And protective areas are arranged on two sides of the unit D to be detected to prevent target energy from leaking into the reference units, the value of the clutter intensity Z is the average value of the signal intensity in the 2n reference units, and then Z is X + Y/2n, and the detection probability and the signal-to-clutter ratio detected by CA-CFAR satisfy the following formula:
the CFAR detection can avoid a higher false alarm caused by the sea clutter, and under the condition of a certain false alarm probability, if the corresponding detection probability is to be reached, the echo signal-to-noise ratio is limited, and the following formula needs to be satisfied:
the SCR of the echo is related to the detection distance, the antenna beam width, which is limited by the gain if θ3dB、ψmaxAzimuth and elevation beamwidths, respectively, then:
θ3dBψmaxGt＝4π
in order to find a target in advance, the search radar has a certain requirement on finding a distance, and the detection distance is required to be greater than a required value RtaskThen, then
(2) Establishing an objective function
In order to characterize the radio-frequency stealth performance of the radar, indexes such as interception probability, interception factor, interception distance and the like are generally available, wherein the interception factor reflects the comparison between the detection performance and the passive interception performance of the radar, is independent of the relative distance between the detection performance and the passive interception performance, is suitable for being used as the index of the radio-frequency stealth capability, and can be expressed as the interception factor
Wherein R isiFor passive interception of radar, RrThe detection range of the radar to the passive platform is represented as follows:
when the interception factor is adopted, in order to achieve the radio frequency stealth effect, the interception factor needs to be as small as possible, if the interception factor can be smaller than 1, the radar has complete stealth capability, otherwise, the radar can achieve the radio frequency stealth only under certain external conditions. Thus, the objective function is established as:
min[α＝Ri/Rr]
r in the above formulai、RrIs unfolded to obtain
min[Pt+2Gi+2λ-τ-σ-2SNRi+SNRr-Ls-(kTF)-2Bi-log10(4π)]log
Since the objective function contains radar-independent working parameters, such as RCS (Radar Cross section) and passive working parameters of the passive platform, and the like, and the optimized target is the radar working parameters, the radar-independent parameters are classified as constants, the above formula can be expressed as
min[Pt+2λ-τ+SNRr+const]log
The radio frequency stealth constraint planning model obtained finally is as follows:
3. solving models using genetic algorithms
The method comprises the steps of taking transmitting power, pulse length, antenna gain and the like as optimization parameters, expressing parameter values in a binary coding mode, randomly generating a certain number of optimization parameter groups to form a certain number of populations as candidate solutions, calculating objective function values of the current populations, adopting the reciprocal of the objective function values as fitness if the current populations meet constraint conditions, otherwise, adopting the fitness as zero, selecting a winner in the current populations in a roulette mode, eliminating a part of populations, and then crossing and mutating the winners to form a new population. And circulating the process, and selecting the finally obtained population as a solving result of the model.
4. Simulation analysis
In the simulation control parameters of the genetic algorithm, the population number is set to be 20, the evolution algebra is set to be 100, the cross probability is set to be 0.6, the mutation probability is set to be 0.001, and the length of the binary code is 10. In simulation parameters of the passive interception receiver, the gain of the omnidirectional antenna is 10dB, the bandwidth of the receiver is 100MHz, the minimum identifiable signal-to-noise ratio is 15dB, and the noise coefficient of the receiver is 6 dB. The target detection method of the radar is mean value type constant false alarm detection, the false alarm probability is set to be lower than 0.01%, the detection probability is set to be higher than 0.8, and the task requires the minimum detection distance to be 20 km. In the scene parameters, the sea state is set to four levels, and when the incident angle is 10 degrees, the scattering coefficient of the sea surface is-50 dB.
In the optimization parameters, the optimal range of the transmitting power is 0-10 kilowatts, the pulse width is 1-1000 microseconds, the antenna gain is 10-30dB, and the receiving signal-to-noise ratio is larger than 15 dB. The algorithm simulation process is shown in fig. 4, and it can be obtained that the population gradually converges with the cycle of evolution, and the fitness finally approaches to a certain value. According to the final algorithm result, the optimal transmitting power is 400w, the pulse width is 93 microseconds, and the fitness can reach 1.59.
The detection probability and the intercepted probability of the target by adopting the radar working mode are shown in fig. 5, a dotted line graph is the passive intercepted probability of the radar, a solid line graph is the detection probability of the radar to the target, the radar can be considered to be passive and incapable of intercepting the radar at the position of 20km, and the radar can detect the target, so that the radar has good radio frequency stealth performance on the premise of ensuring the detection performance.
Claims (3)
1. A solution method for searching radar radio frequency stealth working mode in a sea clutter scene is disclosed, wherein when a search task is executed, a radar is started at a specific distance and scans a target airspace, so that the working mode of the radar needs to be limited in order to avoid finding the search radar by a passive receiver of an opposite party, and the probability of being passively found is reduced on the premise of meeting the detection performance, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the type of the passive threat to be combated is selected, and working parameters such as the working bandwidth, the antenna gain, the lowest detection threshold and the like of the passive receiver are determined and taken as general typical values.
(2) And selecting a sea clutter scene according to the search task, determining a sea clutter scattering coefficient according to the scene, and calculating a proper radar pitching coverage range according to the task requirement.
(3) In the background of sea clutter, because of the time-varying nature of sea clutter, a constant false alarm detection method is usually adopted to avoid high false alarm probability, for an average value type constant false alarm detection method, the detection probability and the false alarm probability are related to the number of reference units on both sides of a detection unit, and a proper reference unit needs to be selected so that a higher detection probability can be achieved when the condition of the false alarm probability is met.
(4) And establishing a constraint planning model for searching the radar under the sea clutter background by taking the ratio of the passive interception distance and the radar detection distance as an index of radio frequency stealth performance through the relationship among all parameters.
(5) And (3) solving the optimal solution of the model by taking radar working parameters such as radiation power, gain and the like as optimization parameters and the optimal stealth performance as a target function.
2. The invention provides a radar radio frequency stealth working mode solving method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of establishing a radio frequency stealth constraint planning model of a search task in a sea clutter environment, wherein the specific model comprises the following steps:
3. the invention provides a method for solving the working mode of a radar based on radio frequency stealth, which is characterized in that: the optimal solution meeting the model is obtained by taking the transmitting power, the beam width, the transmitting gain and the like as optimization parameters, taking the ratio of the intercepted distance to the detection distance as a target function and taking the minimum detection distance and the signal-to-noise ratio as constraints.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111650572A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-11 | 浪潮云信息技术股份公司 | Method and system for reducing short-time rainfall estimation deviation |
| CN111736161A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-10-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Static stealth target revealing method based on coherent laser radar |
| CN112784497A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-11 | 中国人民解放军93534部队 | Ground radar networking startup optimization method based on genetic algorithm |
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| CN112784497B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-09-27 | 中国人民解放军93534部队 | Ground radar networking startup optimization method based on genetic algorithm |
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