CN108572353B - Pulse time sequence planning method for low-interception radar - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/36—Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse time sequence planning method for a low-interception radar, which mainly comprises the following steps: determining a radar, wherein a target exists in a detection range of the radar; then determining that the radar transmits N pulse signals within a coherent processing interval; setting time interval vectors t of N pulse signals according to the total number N of the pulse signals transmitted by the radar in a coherent processing interval; n pulse signals transmitted by a radar in a coherent processing interval pass through a target and then receive echoes of the N pulse signals, and N pulse echo signal vectors S and an amplitude-frequency response matched filter function are sequentially obtained according to time interval vectors t of the N pulse signals; further constructing a minimum maximum Doppler sidelobe objective function; solving the minimum and maximum Doppler sidelobe target function to obtain the result which is the optimized time interval vector of the N pulse signals
An optimized time interval vector of the N pulse signals
The pulse time sequence planning result of the low-interception radar is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radars, and particularly relates to a pulse time sequence planning method for a low-interception radar, which is suitable for anti-reconnaissance low-interception.
Background
Low probability of interception radar (LPI radar) means a radar system that the radiated signal is below the detection threshold of the receiver of the electronic information of the opposite party, while still being able to detect the target within the range of action, in short, LPI radar is able to detect the target while not being found by the receiver of the interception.
In the prior art, in order to reduce the reconnaissance performance of a reconnaissance aircraft on a radar, for a single-step radar, the modes of changing parameters such as coherent frequency, frequency agility or low interception probability radar signals are mainly adopted, but the modes are replaced by the countermeasure performance at the cost of a complex processing process; for multiple radars, such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, the number of devices is used to improve the performance of the countermeasure, and these two processing methods have the disadvantages of complicated processing procedure and high overhead, respectively.
The pulse de-interlacing is a very important link for acquiring radar information by an interception receiver, and is completed by using a single pulse parameter expressed by a pulse description word (used for describing various parameter information of the pulse); when a plurality of pulses exist in the space at the same time, the continuous pulses may come from a plurality of radiation sources, at the moment, the interception receiver separates the pulses from the same radiation source from the staggered pulse train through a pulse de-interleaving technology to form a pulse group, and the pulse parameters available by the pulse de-interleaving technology comprise pulse repetition frequency, radio frequency, pulse width, wave arrival angle and the like; however, in a complex environment, when the arrival direction angle cannot be effectively pre-sorted, the carrier frequency cannot be diluted completely, and pulse width data is greatly jittered due to modulation caused by measurement and scanning and is not suitable for main sorting, at this time, pre-sorting based on pulse description words largely depends on re-frequency sorting besides the arrival direction angle, the re-frequency sorting technology mainly extracts effective pulses according to radar parameter pulse repetition intervals or repetition frequencies, calculates time intervals between any two received pulses by extracting arrival times of all pulses, makes a curve with the frequency thereof, namely a histogram, and further finds out pulse repetition periods, and other re-frequency sorting technologies are also implemented by processing based on the histogram, one or more peak values can appear in the histogram, so that the pulse repetition periods of the radar are screened out to obtain information of the pulse intervals of radar signals.
In order to prevent enemies from utilizing a repetition frequency sorting technology, the period information of radar emission pulses of our party can be screened out; the repetition frequency change of the traditional radar signals is limited by an improvement factor, and one or a plurality of fixed flat rates are adopted, so that peaks are easily formed on a histogram and are easily screened out.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the single repetition frequency is easy to be sorted by the reconnaissance aircraft in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pulse time sequence planning method of a low-interception radar, which is used for improving the difficulty of the reconnaissance aircraft in sorting the radar signal pulse time interval and improving the safety of radar information.
The main ideas of the invention are as follows: firstly, determining the number of pulses and the value range of the pulse time interval to assume the pulse time interval, requiring any two pulses to be unequal in value, constructing a constraint condition of the pulse time interval, simultaneously utilizing a receiver to process echoes, establishing a minimum and maximum optimization function related to Doppler frequency according to a pulse accumulation formula, and solving the established constraint condition and an objective function to obtain a pulse time interval vector.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize.
A pulse time sequence planning method for a low-interception radar comprises the following steps:
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, before radar pulse is transmitted, the pulse time intervals are modulated to enable any two pulse time intervals to be different, and the Doppler side lobe is inhibited by using a pulse accumulation technology in the echo processing process, so that the peak value generation in a time interval delta T histogram is effectively inhibited, the detection difficulty of a reconnaissance machine on the pulse time interval by using a repetition frequency sorting technology is improved, further, radar information is not detected, the safety of a radar is improved, the peak value of the histogram is smoothed, the Doppler side lobe after pulse accumulation is inhibited, and the safety of the radar is improved while the detectability of a target is not reduced as much as possible.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pulse time series planning method for a low interception radar of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plot of the frequency amplitude response of the data-optimized pulse accumulation when N = 16;
fig. 3 is a plot of the frequency amplitude response of the data-optimized pulse accumulation when N = 16;
fig. 4 is a plot of the frequency amplitude response of the data-optimized pre-pulse accumulation when N = 501;
fig. 5 is a plot of the frequency amplitude response of the data-optimized pulse accumulation when N = 501;
FIG. 6 is a first order histogram of a pulse sequence with a histogram bin size interval of 0.05 ms;
FIG. 7 is a first order histogram of a pulse sequence with a histogram bin size interval of 0.005 ms;
FIG. 8 is a second order histogram of a pulse sequence with a histogram bin size interval of 0.05 ms;
fig. 9 is a pulse train second order histogram with a histogram bin size interval of 0.005 ms.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, it is a flow chart of a pulse time sequence planning method of a low interception radar of the present invention; the pulse time sequence planning method of the low-interception radar comprises the following steps:
Specifically, a radar is determined, a target exists in a detection range of the radar, the target comprises a scout, the radar is used for detecting the target, and the scout is used for detecting a radar signal; determining that the radar transmits N pulse signals in a coherent processing interval CPI, and the time of the nth pulse reaching the scout is t n The expression is as follows:
wherein i =1,2, \8230;, N-1, N =1,2, \8230;, N, t 0 Indicating the initial time of arrival of the N pulse signals at the scoutN represents the total number of pulse signals transmitted by the radar within one coherent processing interval CPI, and N is a positive integer greater than 0.
And 2, setting time interval vectors t of the N pulse signals according to the total number N of the pulse signals transmitted by the radar in one coherent processing interval CPI.
The substep of step 2 is:
(2.1) minimum detection distance d according to radar min Maximum detection distance d from radar max Determining the value range T of the time interval of the monopulse signal min And T max The expressions are respectively:
where C represents the speed of light.
(2.2) setting a time interval vector t of the N pulse signals according to the total number N of the pulse signals transmitted by the radar in the coherent processing interval CPI, wherein the expression is as follows:
t＝[T 1 ,T 2 ,…,T i ,…,T N-1 ]
wherein the time interval vector T of the N pulses comprises N-1 time intervals T i Indicating the time interval, T, between the transmission of the i-th pulse signal and the i + 1-th pulse signal by the radar within a coherent processing interval CPI i ∈[T min ,T max ]And e represents the number of the cells belonging to,
d min represents the minimum detection distance of the radar, d max Represents the maximum detection distance of the radar, and C represents the speed of light; i =1 , 2, \8230, N-1, N =1,2, \8230, N and N represent the total number of pulse signals transmitted by the radar in one coherent processing interval CPI; according to the data discontinuity of the statistical analysis of the scout histogram, the requirements are satisfied for any two adjacent time intervals:
s.t T i ,T j ∈[T min ,T max ]
i,j∈[1,n-1]
T i ≠T j
wherein i ≠ j, i =1,2, \8230, N-1, j =1,2, \8230, N-1, N =1,2, \8230, and N.
Due to the fact that time intervals in time interval vectors t of the N pulse signals are different, the reconnaissance machine cannot obtain pulse repetition period information of the radar through statistics after the radar pulse is intercepted, and therefore the effect of low interception is achieved.
And 3, receiving echoes of the N pulse signals after the N pulse signals transmitted by the radar in one coherent processing interval CPI pass through a target, and then obtaining N pulse echo signal vectors S according to time interval vectors t of the N pulse signals.
Specifically, the radar receives echoes of N pulse signals after the N pulse signals transmitted within one coherent processing interval CPI pass through a target; the method comprises the steps of setting the speed of a target to be fixed in the detection process of the target by a radar, and obtaining N pulse echo signal vectors S according to time interval vectors t of N pulse signals, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the mathematical form of a single pulse signal, i =1,2, \8230;, n-1,T i The method comprises the steps of representing the time interval of transmitting an ith pulse signal and an (i + 1) th pulse signal by a radar in a coherent processing interval CPI, wherein N =1,2, \8230; f. of d Indicating the Doppler frequency, f, used to match the target velocity during the coherent accumulation process d Is an unknown quantity; t represents the time when the radar receives the 1 st pulse signal echo.
And 4, obtaining an amplitude-frequency response matched filter function according to the N pulse echo signal vectors S.
The substep of step 4 is:
4.1 advantageUsing N pulse echo signal vectors S to establish a Doppler frequency f for matching target velocity during coherent accumulation d Function of (a) (f) d ) The expression is as follows:
wherein, T 1 Indicating the time interval, T, between the transmission of the 1 st and 2 nd pulse signals by the radar in a coherent processing interval CPI 2 Which represents the time interval during which the radar transmits the 2 nd pulse signal and the 3 rd pulse signal within one coherent processing interval CPI.
4.2 matching the target velocity according to the Doppler frequency f in the coherent accumulation process d Function of (a) (f) d ) And calculating by using a coherent accumulation formula to obtain an amplitude-frequency response matched filter function H (f) d ,f d ') the expression is:
H(f d ,f d ′)＝α H (f d ′)α(f d )
wherein, f d ' indicates the Doppler frequency corresponding to the target velocity, f d ′＝2vf c C, C denotes the speed of light, v denotes the target speed, f c Indicating the carrier frequency at which the radar transmits each pulse signal within a coherent processing interval CPI and the superscript H indicating the conjugate transpose operation.
And 5, constructing a minimum and maximum Doppler sidelobe target function according to the amplitude-frequency response matched filter function.
In particular, a filter function H (f) is matched to the amplitude-frequency response d ,f d ') obtaining the magnitude and frequency response matched filter function magnitude | H (f) d ,f d ') |; matching the position of the peak of the filter function with f according to the amplitude-frequency response d ' related to, and optimization of the method and d ' is not related, therefore let f d ' =0Hz and then | H (f) d 0) |; then, a minimum maximum Doppler sidelobe objective function f (t) is constructed, and the expression is as follows:
wherein f is min A minimum doppler frequency value representing the matching target velocity,
f max represents the maximum Doppler frequency value that matches the target speed, <' >>
f c The carrier frequency representing the radar transmitting each pulse signal in a coherent processing interval CPI, C the speed of light, v min Representing the minimum value of the target speed, v max Indicates the target speed maximum, max indicates the maximum operation, and min indicates the minimum operation.
Specifically, the minimum maximum doppler side lobe objective function f (t) is solved through a quadratic sequence programming method, and the obtained result is the optimized time interval vector of the N pulse signals
An optimized time interval vector of the N pulse signals
The pulse time sequence planning result of the low interception radar is obtained; wherein an optimized time interval vector @ of the N pulse signals>
The expression is as follows:
wherein the optimized time interval vector of the N pulse signals
Comprising N-1 optimized time intervals, <' >>
Represents an optimized time interval for the radar to transmit the ith pulse signal and the (i + 1) th pulse signal within one coherent processing interval CPI,
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation scene: assuming that the value range of the target speed is v E-600,600]m/s, carrier frequency f c If 1GHz, then f min ＝-40kHz，f max =40kHz, i.e. f d ∈[-40,40]kHz; the detection range of the radar is 200-400 km, and the minimum value and the maximum value T of the pulse signal time interval min ＝1.33ms，T max =2.67ms, interval size q =1 μ s of the histogram, and light speed C =3 × 10 8 m/s。
2. Simulation content:
when the number of the pulse signals is small, statistics on the pulse signal time intervals have randomness, the number of the pulse signals is small mainly to illustrate that the method can reduce side lobes, and simulation is performed below by taking the number of the pulse signals N =16 and N =501 to illustrate the result.
Simulation 1: with the above experimental scenario, when the number of pulse signals N =16, pulse accumulation is performed before and after optimization of the pulse echo signal, and doppler amplitude-frequency characteristics of the pulse accumulation are compared, with the results shown in fig. 2 and 3.
Simulation 2: with the above experimental scenario, when the number of pulse signals N =501, pulse accumulation is performed before and after optimization of the pulse echo signal, and doppler amplitude-frequency characteristics of the pulse accumulation are compared, and the results are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Simulation 3: with the above experimental scenario, when the number of pulse signals N =501, and the interval size of the histogram interval is 0.05ms and 0.005ms, the result of the pulse sequence is shown in fig. 6 and 7.
Simulation 4: with the above experimental scenario, when the number of pulse signals N =501, and the interval size of the histogram interval is 0.05ms and 0.005ms, the result of the pulse sequence second-order histogram is shown in fig. 8 and 9.
3. And (3) analyzing an experimental result:
according to the simulation result, the amplitude of the optimized highest sidelobe of the graph 2 is reduced to some extent relative to the non-optimized graph 1, and the expected effect is achieved; the amplitude of the highest sidelobe of fig. 4 after optimization is reduced to some extent compared with that of the highest sidelobe of fig. 3 without optimization, so that the sidelobe reducing effect is achieved, fig. 5 and fig. 6 are respectively data statistics of a first-order time difference under 0.005ms and 0.05ms, it can be seen that the histogram tends to be flat, the pulse time interval cannot be determined, and the expected effect is achieved, fig. 7 and fig. 8 are data statistics of a second-order time difference, and compared with the result of the first-order time difference, fig. 7 and fig. 8 have a slight peak value, mainly due to the influence of a double time difference, but the effect is also slightly improved.
To sum up, aiming at the reconnaissance plane to acquire the radar performance information in a histogram mode, the invention provides a method for planning a group of pulse time interval sequences in the value range detected by the radar, so that the pulse signal time interval cannot be reflected on the histogram; the invention provides an optimization mode to optimize the pulse sequence based on the statistical principle of the histogram, thereby achieving the effects of smoothing the histogram, having no grating lobe and having low side lobe.
In conclusion, the simulation experiment verifies the correctness, the effectiveness and the reliability of the method.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A pulse time sequence planning method of a low-interception radar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining a radar, wherein a target exists in a detection range of the radar; then determining that the radar transmits N pulse signals within a coherent processing interval; n is a positive integer greater than 0;
step 2, setting time interval vectors t of N pulse signals according to the total number N of the pulse signals transmitted by the radar in a coherent processing interval;
step 3, receiving echoes of the N pulse signals after the N pulse signals transmitted by the radar in a coherent processing interval pass through a target, and then obtaining N pulse echo signal vectors S according to time interval vectors t of the N pulse signals;
step 4, obtaining an amplitude-frequency response matched filter function according to the N pulse echo signal vectors S;
step 5, constructing a minimum maximum Doppler side lobe target function according to the amplitude-frequency response matched filter function;
step 6, solving the minimum maximum Doppler sidelobe objective function, wherein the obtained result is the optimized time interval vector of the N pulse signals
Optimized time interval vector ^ of the N pulse signals>
The pulse time sequence planning result of the low-interception radar is obtained.
2. The method for pulse time-series planning of low-interception radar according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the vector t of time intervals of said N pulse signals is expressed as:
t＝[T 1 ，T 2 ，…，T i ，…，T N-1 ]
the time interval vector t of the N pulses comprises N-1 time intervals, and any two adjacent time intervals meet the following conditions:
s.t T i ，T j ∈[T min ，T max ]
i，j∈[1，n-1]
T i ≠T j
wherein i ≠ j, i =1,2, \8230, N-1, j =1,2, \8230, N-1, N =1,2, \8230, and N, N represents the total number of pulse signals transmitted by the radar in one coherent processing interval; t is i Representing the time interval, T, between the i-th pulse signal and the i + 1-th pulse signal emitted by the radar during a coherent processing interval i ∈[T min ，T max ]And e represents the number of the cells belonging to,
d min indicating the minimum detection distance of the radar, d max Represents the maximum detection range of the radar, and C represents the speed of light.
3. The method for pulse time series planning for a low interception radar according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 3, said N pulse echo signal vectors S are expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the mathematical form of a single pulse signal, i =1,2, \8230;, n-1,T i The time interval of the ith pulse signal and the (i + 1) th pulse signal transmitted by the radar in one coherent processing interval is represented, N =1,2, \ 8230; f. of d Indicating the Doppler frequency, f, used to match the target velocity during the coherent accumulation process d Is an unknown quantity; t represents the time when the radar receives the 1 st pulse signal echo.
4. The pulse time sequence planning method for low-interception radars according to claim 1, characterized in that the substep of step 4 is:
4.1 Using N pulse-echo signal vectors S, establish a Doppler frequency f for matching target velocity during coherent accumulation d Function of (a) (f) d ) The expression is as follows:
wherein, T 1 Representing the time interval, T, between the 1 st and 2 nd pulse signals emitted by the radar during a coherent processing interval 2 Representing the time interval, T, between the 2 nd and 3 rd pulse signals transmitted by the radar during a coherent processing interval i The time interval of the ith pulse signal and the (i + 1) th pulse signal transmitted by the radar in one coherent processing interval is represented, i =1,2, \8230; N-1, N =1,2, \8230; N, N represents the total number of pulse signals transmitted by the radar in one coherent processing interval; f. of d Indicating the Doppler frequency, f, used to match the target velocity during the coherent accumulation process d Is an unknown quantity; t represents the time when the radar receives the 1 st pulse signal echo;
4.2 matching the target velocity according to the Doppler frequency f in the coherent accumulation process d Function of (a) (f) d ) And calculating to obtain an amplitude-frequency response matched filter function H (f) d ，f′ d ) The expression is as follows:
H(f d ，f′ d )＝α H (f d ′)α(f d )
wherein, f' d Indicates a Doppler frequency, f 'corresponding to the target speed' d ＝2vf c C, C denotes the speed of light, v denotes the target speed, f c The carrier frequency of each pulse signal transmitted by the radar in a coherent processing interval is shown, and the superscript H represents the conjugate transpose operation.
5. The method for pulse time series planning for a low interception radar of claim 1 wherein in step 5 said minimum maximum doppler side lobe objective function is f (t) expressed as:
wherein a filter function H (f) is matched to the amplitude-frequency response d ，f′ d ) Obtaining the magnitude-frequency response matched filter function magnitude | H (f) by taking the magnitude d ，f′ d ) I post order f d ' =0Hz results in | H (f) d 0) |; max represents the maximum operation, min represents the minimum operation, f min A minimum doppler frequency value representing the matching target velocity,
f max represents the maximum Doppler frequency value that matches the target speed, <' >>
f c Representing the carrier frequency of each pulse signal transmitted by the radar during a coherent processing interval, C the speed of light, v min Representing the minimum value of the target speed, v max Represents a target speed maximum; f. of d Indicating the Doppler frequency, f, used to match the target velocity during the coherent accumulation process d Is an unknown quantity.
6. The method for pulse time series planning for a low-interception radar of claim 1, wherein in step 6, said optimized time interval vector of N pulse signals
The minimum maximum Doppler sidelobe objective function f (t) is solved by a quadratic sequence programming method to obtain a result, and the expression is as follows:
wherein the optimized time interval vector of the N pulse signals
Comprising N-1 optimized time intervals, <' >>
Represents an optimized time interval of the ith pulse signal and the (i + 1) th pulse signal transmitted by the radar in a coherent processing interval,
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