CN111141637A - Specific gravity determination method for strong hygroscopic soil - Google Patents
Specific gravity determination method for strong hygroscopic soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111141637A CN111141637A CN202010034603.9A CN202010034603A CN111141637A CN 111141637 A CN111141637 A CN 111141637A CN 202010034603 A CN202010034603 A CN 202010034603A CN 111141637 A CN111141637 A CN 111141637A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001411320 Eriogonum inflatum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010061307 Neck deformity Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/36—Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a specific gravity determination method of strong hygroscopic soil, which comprises the following steps: step one, taking 15g of sample, and determining the water content of the sample by adopting a drying method; step two, drying the pycnometer; step three, measuring the specific gravity G of the soil grainss(ii) a Step four, injecting the neutral liquid into the pycnometer; step five, measuring the temperature of the neutral liquid in the bottle after weighing; step six, checking the total mass of the bottle and the neutral liquid from the drawn relationship between the temperature and the total mass of the bottle and the neutral liquid; step seven, the experiment is carried out twice and is carried out to determine the specific gravity of the soil grains in parallel, and the beneficial effects are that: according to the routine proportion test flow, the routine instrument in the laboratory is adopted, the measured corresponding data is substituted into the derived formula, and the accurate value of the proportion of the sample can be obtained. The test operation is simple, convenient and fast, the cost is low, and the popularization is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a specific gravity determination method of soil, in particular to a specific gravity determination method of strong hygroscopic soil.
Background
The specific gravity of the soil is also called as the relative density of the soil particles, which means the ratio of the mass of the soil particles when the soil particles are dried to constant weight at the temperature of 105-110 ℃ to the mass of pure water at the same volume of 4 ℃, is called specific gravity for short, is dimensionless, is numerically equal to the density of the soil particles, and is an important physical property of the soil. As the basic property of the soil particles, the measurement precision of the soil particles can obviously influence the accuracy of other geotechnical test parameter indexes (such as saturation, porosity ratio and particle size distribution).
In the Standard test for soil engineering (GB/T50123-2019), the specific gravity of soil particles is measured by a pycnometer method for soil with a particle size of less than 5 mm. In the specific gravity test for measuring the strong hygroscopic soil, the strong hygroscopic soil contains hydrophilic colloid and has strong hygroscopicity, so that neutral liquid (kerosene) is adopted to replace pure water in the soil particle specific gravity test, and the air is exhausted by a vacuum air exhaust method. In the test, the soil sample is dried, then a proper amount of the dried soil sample is weighed and put into a dry specific gravity bottle, and then a half bottle of neutral liquid is injected into the specific gravity bottle containing the soil sample. During this experiment, the soil sample can absorb moisture in the air in two stages: and in the first stage, the dried soil sample is taken out of the oven, the water in the air can be absorbed before the soil sample is added into the pycnometer after the weight is weighed, and the absorbed water can reduce the mass of the soil sample actually added, so that the specific gravity test result is smaller. And in the second stage, the soil sample is weighed, and is added into the pycnometer before being added into the pycnometer and the neutral liquid is not added to cover the whole soil sample and isolate the air, namely the soil sample is added into the pycnometer after being weighed, and the soil sample also absorbs the moisture in the air during the period when the neutral liquid is not added. The absorbed moisture causes the volume of the added neutral liquid to decrease, making the specific gravity test result larger. As the water absorption capacity of the second stage is obviously smaller than that of the first stage, the water absorption in two time periods is comprehensively considered, and the specific gravity test result is smaller in the conventional soil particle specific gravity test. The method for testing the specific gravity of the soil particles recommended by the existing geotechnical test method standard (GB/T50123-2019) neglects the influence of moisture in air on an experimental result in the test process, and when the specific gravity of strong hygroscopic soil such as bentonite and the like is tested, the moisture in the air has a larger influence on the experimental result due to the strong hygroscopicity, so that the experimental result has larger errors. Therefore, how to overcome the influence of the dried strong moisture absorption soil sample absorbing water in the air in the specific gravity test process on the specific gravity test result is the problem to be solved by the determination method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the specific gravity of strong hygroscopic soil, which aims to overcome the influence of the moisture in air absorbed by a dried strong hygroscopic soil sample in the specific gravity test process on the specific gravity test result.
The method for measuring the specific gravity of the strong hygroscopic soil provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, taking 15g of sample, measuring the water content of the sample by adopting a drying method, and quickly placing the sample on an electronic scale to weigh the mass when the dried sample keeps a higher temperature;
step two, drying the pycnometer, when a 100mL pycnometer is used, weighing 15g of the natural water content sample which is not dried and putting the sample into the pycnometer, when a 50mL pycnometer is used, weighing 12g of the natural water content sample which is not dried and putting the sample into the pycnometer, and accurately obtaining the sample with the water content of 0.001 g;
step three, measuring the specific gravity G of the soil grainssWhen in use, neutral liquid is used to replace pure water, and the vacuum pumping method is adopted to exhaust, the reading of a vacuum meter is close to the local atmospheric negative pressure value, and the pumping time is 1h-2h until no bubble escapes from the suspension;
step four, injecting neutral liquid into the pycnometer, and when the long-neck pycnometer is adopted, injecting the neutral liquid to a position slightly lower than the scale of the pycnometer; when a short-neck pycnometer is adopted, neutral liquid is injected until the bottle is nearly full, and when a constant-temperature water tank is arranged, the pycnometer is placed in the constant-temperature water tank until the temperature of suspension in the bottle is stable and the suspension on the upper part of the bottle is clarified;
step five, when a long-neck pycnometer is adopted, a dropper is used for adjusting the liquid level to be right at the scale, neutral liquid outside the bottle and above the scale on the inner wall of the bottle is wiped off by taking the lower edge of the meniscus as the standard, and the total mass of the bottle, the neutral liquid and soil is weighed; when a short-neck pycnometer is adopted, the bottle stopper is plugged, so that redundant neutral liquid overflows from a capillary tube of the bottle stopper, the total mass of the bottle, the neutral liquid and soil is weighed after the neutral liquid outside the bottle is wiped, and the temperature of the neutral liquid in the bottle is measured after the total mass is weighed;
step six, checking the total mass of the bottle and the neutral liquid from the drawn relation between the temperature and the total mass of the bottle and the neutral liquid according to the temperature of the neutral liquid measured in the step four;
step seven, carrying out two times of parallel measurement in the experiment, taking the arithmetic mean value of the test result, wherein the maximum allowable parallel difference value is +/-0.02, and the specific gravity calculation formula of the soil particles is as follows:
therefore, the following can be obtained:
in the formula: m isd-sample mass (g);
ms-mass of soil particles (g);
mw-mass of water (g);
mbk-total mass of bottle, neutral liquid (g);
mbks-total mass (g) of bottle, neutral liquid and dry soil;
ρkdensity of neutral liquid (g/cm)3)；
ρw1Density of pure water at 4 ℃ (g/cm)3)；
v-specific gravity bottle volume (cm)3)；
vsVolume of soil particles (cm)3)；
vwVolume of water (cm)3)；
w-water content (%) of the sample;
GkTthe specific gravity of the neutral liquid at T ℃ is accurate to 0.001 g;
GwTthe specific gravity of pure water at T ℃ is accurate to 0.001 g;
G's-specific gravity obtained by a standard formula;
Gs-true specific gravity of the sample.
The neutral liquid in the above method is kerosene.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for measuring the specific gravity of the strong hygroscopic soil, the natural air-dried sample is adopted in the specific gravity test, so that the adverse effect of the hygroscopicity of the soil sample on the result in the test process is completely avoided, and the accurate value of the specific gravity of the soil sample can be obtained by theoretical derivation based on the test result. According to the conventional specific gravity test process, the laboratory conventional instrument is adopted, and the measured corresponding data is substituted into the deduced formula to obtain the accurate value of the specific gravity of the sample. The test operation is simple, convenient and fast, the cost is low, and the popularization is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the difference between the true specific gravity and the true value of the sample at different water contents according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for measuring the specific gravity of the strong hygroscopic soil provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
weighing four samples with the weight of about 15g to be accurate to 0.001g, respectively filling two samples into two soil boxes with known weights, and putting the two soil boxes with the samples and two 100mL short-neck specific gravity bottles into an oven to be dried for 8 hours. After the drying is finished, the dried sample is quickly placed on an electronic scale when the temperature is kept high, the mass is weighed, and the water content is calculated. And simultaneously, respectively filling the rest two samples which are not dried into the dried pycnometer.
And step two, injecting kerosene into the two pycnometer filled with the sample to a position half of the body of the pycnometer, shaking the pycnometer, putting the pycnometer into a vacuum cylinder in order to remove air in the sample, connecting a vacuum pump, reading the vacuum cylinder to be close to the local atmospheric negative pressure value, and exhausting the bottle for 1h until no air bubbles escape from the suspension.
And step three, after air exhaust is completed, injecting kerosene into the pycnometer until the pycnometer is nearly full, then placing the pycnometer into a constant-temperature water tank at 30 ℃, and after the temperature of the suspension in the pycnometer is stable and the suspension on the upper part of the pycnometer is clarified.
Step four, after the upper suspension is clarified, the bottle stopper is plugged, so that redundant kerosene overflows from a capillary tube of the bottle stopper, and after the kerosene outside the bottle is wiped dry, the total mass (m) of the specific gravity bottle, the kerosene and the soil is calledbks). After weighing, the temperature (T ℃) of kerosene in the pycnometer is measured.
Step five, according to the measured temperature, checking the total mass (m) of the bottle and the kerosene from the drawn relationship between the temperature and the total mass of the bottle and the kerosenebk)。
Step six, carrying out parallel determination for 2 times in the experiment, taking the arithmetic mean value of the test result and the test result, wherein the maximum allowable parallel difference value is +/-0.02, and the specific gravity calculation formula of the soil particles is as follows:
therefore, the following can be obtained:
in the formula: m isd-sample mass (g);
ms-mass of soil particles (g);
mw-mass of water (g);
mbk-total mass of bottle, neutral liquid (g);
mbks-total mass (g) of bottle, neutral liquid and dry soil;
ρkdensity of neutral liquid (g/cm)3)；
ρw1Density of pure water at 4 ℃ (g/cm)3)；
v-specific gravity bottle volume (cm)3)；
vsVolume of soil particles (cm)3)；
vwVolume of water (cm)3)；
w-water content (%) of the sample;
GkTthe specific gravity of the neutral liquid at T ℃ is accurate to 0.001 g;
GwTthe specific gravity of pure water at T ℃ is accurate to 0.001 g;
G's-specific gravity obtained by a standard formula;
Gs-true specific gravity of the sample;
the test results are as follows (table look-up is made when the temperature of the thermostatic water bath T is 30: GwT＝0.996，GkT＝0.78)：
TABLE 1 Water content test results of samples
Therefore, the water content w was taken to be 12%.
Table 2 results of specific gravity test
The difference of the results of the two parallel tests is 0.01, and the test is successful within +/-0.02.
It can be seen from the above tests that the specific gravity results of the test soil sample directly measured by the specific gravity test under the condition of water content are smaller than the actual specific gravity obtained by theoretical calculation, and the difference is larger. Therefore, the practicability and the effectiveness of the invention are more obvious.
Claims (2)
1. A specific gravity determination method of strong hygroscopic soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, taking 15g of sample, measuring the water content of the sample by adopting a drying method, and quickly placing the sample on an electronic scale to weigh the mass when the dried sample keeps a higher temperature;
step two, drying the pycnometer, when a 100mL pycnometer is used, weighing 15g of the natural water content sample which is not dried and putting the sample into the pycnometer, when a 50mL pycnometer is used, weighing 12g of the natural water content sample which is not dried and putting the sample into the pycnometer, and accurately obtaining the sample with the water content of 0.001 g;
step three, measuring the specific gravity G of the soil grainssWhen in use, neutral liquid is used to replace pure water, and the vacuum pumping method is adopted to exhaust, the reading of a vacuum meter is close to the local atmospheric negative pressure value, and the pumping time is 1h-2h until no bubble escapes from the suspension;
step four, injecting neutral liquid into the pycnometer, and when the long-neck pycnometer is adopted, injecting the neutral liquid to a position slightly lower than the scale of the pycnometer; when a short-neck pycnometer is adopted, neutral liquid is injected until the bottle is nearly full, and when a constant-temperature water tank is arranged, the pycnometer is placed in the constant-temperature water tank until the temperature of suspension in the bottle is stable and the suspension on the upper part of the bottle is clarified;
step five, when a long-neck pycnometer is adopted, a dropper is used for adjusting the liquid level to be right at the scale, neutral liquid outside the bottle and above the scale on the inner wall of the bottle is wiped off by taking the lower edge of the meniscus as the standard, and the total mass of the bottle, the neutral liquid and soil is weighed; when a short-neck pycnometer is adopted, the bottle stopper is plugged, so that redundant neutral liquid overflows from a capillary tube of the bottle stopper, the total mass of the bottle, the neutral liquid and soil is weighed after the neutral liquid outside the bottle is wiped, and the temperature of the neutral liquid in the bottle is measured after the total mass is weighed;
step six, checking the total mass of the bottle and the neutral liquid from the drawn relation between the temperature and the total mass of the bottle and the neutral liquid according to the temperature of the neutral liquid measured in the step four;
step seven, carrying out two times of parallel measurement in the experiment, taking the arithmetic mean value of the test result, wherein the maximum allowable parallel difference value is +/-0.02, and the specific gravity calculation formula of the soil particles is as follows:
therefore, the following can be obtained:
in the formula: m isd-sample mass (g);
ms-mass of soil particles (g);
mw-mass of water (g);
mbk-total mass of bottle, neutral liquid (g);
mbks-total mass (g) of bottle, neutral liquid and dry soil;
ρkdensity of neutral liquid (g/cm)3)；
ρw1Density of pure water at 4 ℃ (g/cm)3)；
v-specific gravity bottle volume (cm)3)；
vsVolume of soil particles (cm)3)；
vwVolume of water (cm)3)；
w-water content (%) of the sample;
GkTthe specific gravity of the neutral liquid at T ℃ is accurate to 0.001 g;
GwTthe specific gravity of pure water at T ℃ is accurate to 0.001 g;
G′s-specific gravity obtained by a standard formula;
Gs-true specific gravity of the sample.
2. The method for measuring specific gravity of strongly hygroscopic soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the neutral liquid is kerosene.
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| CN202010034603.9A CN111141637A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Specific gravity determination method for strong hygroscopic soil |
| CN202310525045.XA CN116539476A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Specific gravity measuring method for soil with strong hygroscopicity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114739765A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-12 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) | Vacuum air extraction device and method for geotechnical test |
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| US4083228A (en) * | 1977-04-15 | 1978-04-11 | Systems, Science And Software | Gas comparison pycnometer |
| CN103592201A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-19 | 中国农业大学 | Volume substitution method for measuring soil grain density and equipment |
| CN107860685A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-30 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | A kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content |
| CN110082250A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-02 | 四川大学 | A method of quickly detecting non-cohesive soil moisture content |
| CN209802909U (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-12-17 | 湖南科技大学 | Specific gravity measuring device for strong hygroscopic soil |
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- 2020-01-14 CN CN202310525045.XA patent/CN116539476A/en active Pending
- 2020-01-14 CN CN202010034603.9A patent/CN111141637A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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| US4083228A (en) * | 1977-04-15 | 1978-04-11 | Systems, Science And Software | Gas comparison pycnometer |
| CN103592201A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-19 | 中国农业大学 | Volume substitution method for measuring soil grain density and equipment |
| CN107860685A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-30 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | A kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content |
| CN209802909U (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-12-17 | 湖南科技大学 | Specific gravity measuring device for strong hygroscopic soil |
| CN110082250A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-02 | 四川大学 | A method of quickly detecting non-cohesive soil moisture content |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 宁波市住房和城乡建设委员会: "《宁波市土工试验技术细则》", 30 June 2018 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114739765A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-12 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) | Vacuum air extraction device and method for geotechnical test |
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