CN107860685A - A kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content Download PDFInfo
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- CN107860685A CN107860685A CN201711249487.7A CN201711249487A CN107860685A CN 107860685 A CN107860685 A CN 107860685A CN 201711249487 A CN201711249487 A CN 201711249487A CN 107860685 A CN107860685 A CN 107860685A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/36—Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content, comprise the following steps：Step 1：Chiltern soil sample is taken, by a certain percentage plus water is configured to aqueous soil samplea；Step 2：Measuring bottle of trying to please weighs qualitym 0 Soil sampleaIt is placed in volumetric flask；Step 3：Added water into volumetric flask less than graduation mark A, graduation mark A is added water to after eliminating bubble；Weighing now quality ism 10 ；Step 4：By above-mentioned volumetric flask cleaning, drying after, to it in add water to scale A, obtain the quality of volumetric flask+waterm 20 ；Step 5：Take the soil sample of fixed massa, its moisture content is obtained by oven drying methodω 0 ；Step 6：Calculate calculated specific gravityG sc ：Step 7：By calculated specific gravityG sc Instead of the actual specific gravity of the sand soil in hydrometer methodG s , the moisture content in sand soil is detected according to hydrometer method；Applicability of the present invention is high, accuracy of detection is high, and detection speed is very fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content.
Background technology
Sand soil has widely as important construction material in fields such as hydraulic engineering, building construction, highway engineerings
Using such as fill material, the fine aggregate of concrete, the roadbed as earth and rockfill dam fill material；In filling for earth and rockfill dam and roadbed
During, the size of sand soil moisture content has large effect to consolidation effect；Moisture content it is too small can not quick grinding compacting, contain
The excessive influence consolidation effect of water rate；, will be direct if the detection of the moisture content of sand and stone is inaccurate during the mixing of concrete
Cause sand, stone, water to weigh inaccurate, and completely using dry sand, stone mixing concrete be unpractical, especially large volume
Hydro-concrete Structures；Therefore the detection method of sand soil moisture content is extremely important.
The detection method of current existing offline sand soil moisture content has oven drying method, alcohol combustion method, hydrometer method, online inspection
Survey method has microwave method, electric dry oven method, electric-resistivity method, capacitance method and infra-red method etc.；Although online test method detection speed is fast,
It is that testing result error is big, can not be often applied in Practical Project；Oven drying method is more accurate, generally by the detection of other method
As a result compared with oven drying method；But according to《Earthwork test rule》(SL237-1999) require, the drying time of sand soil should not
Less than 6h, it is impossible to meet the requirement of quick detection in Practical Project；In addition, baking oven power used in oven drying method generally 1kW~
Between 6kW, detection once needs to consume more electric energy.
Therefore, there is on-line checking result low precision in chiltern soil's water content detection, can not meet to require；Oven drying method is present
Spend the defects of time is long, consumption electric energy is more；Hydrometer method has that detection error is big, and formula sensitiveness is larger, can not meet reality
Engineer applied.
The content of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of applicability height, accuracy of detection height, and the faster sand soil moisture content of detection speed
Detection method.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Chiltern soil sample is taken, by a certain percentage plus water is configured to aqueous soil sample a；
Step 2：Try to please measuring bottle, it is m to weigh quality0Soil sample a be placed in volumetric flask；
Step 3：Added water into volumetric flask less than graduation mark A, graduation mark A is added water to after eliminating bubble；Weigh now matter
Measure as m10；
Step 4：By above-mentioned volumetric flask cleaning, drying after, to it in add water to scale A, obtain the quality of volumetric flask+water
m20；
Step 5：The soil sample a of certain mass is taken, its moisture content ω is obtained by oven drying method0；
Step 6：Calculated specific gravity G is calculated by following formulasc：
Step 7：By calculated specific gravity GscInstead of the actual specific gravity G of the sand soil in hydrometer methods, chiltern is detected according to hydrometer method
Moisture content in soil.
Further, the step 3 is consistent with keeping temperature in step 4 operating process.
Further, it is T that the mixed liquor in step 3, which measures its temperature,；Also include procedure below in step 4：It is attached in temperature T
N temperature value closely is taken, the water of n temperature value corresponding temperature is separately added into same volumetric flask to graduation mark A, weighed respectively
Its quality；The curve that the quality rendering quality obtained according to different temperatures varies with temperature；According to profile lookup now temperature pair
The quality m answered20。
Further, according to the aqueous soil sample a of 5 different proportional arrangements in the step 11、a2、a3、a4、a5, repeat to walk
Rapid 2-6 calculates its calculated specific gravity G respectivelysc1、Gsc2、Gsc3、Gsc4And Gsc5, obtained calculated specific gravity is then taken into arithmetic mean of instantaneous value,
As calculated specific gravity Gsc。
Further, aqueous soil sample a1、a2、a3、a4、a5In every kind of aqueous soil sample take two parts, respectively according to step 2-6 calculate
Its calculated specific gravity, arithmetic average is taken to be worth to calculated specific gravity G finally obtain 10 calculated specific gravitiessc。
Further, in the step 7, using the volumetric flask identical volumetric flask with being used during step 1-7, sampling
The quality of product with it is identical in quality in step 2；Measure the temperature T that the chiltern soil sample configured, volumetric flask, water form mixed liquor1；Root
According to temperature T1Corresponding mass m is searched in the curve varied with temperature from quality20。
Further, weigh in Quality Process and use range as 2000~4000g, scale division value is 0.01g electronic balance.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) present invention passes through calculated specific gravity GscG in being calculated instead of hydrometer methods, the testing result error of moisture content is smaller,
Close to or up the degree of accuracy of oven drying method；
(2) the inventive method is substantially shorter detection time compared to oven drying method, and precision is high, substantially up to " real-time "
The purpose of detection.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
A kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Chiltern soil sample is taken, by a certain percentage plus water is configured to aqueous soil sample a；
Step 2：Try to please measuring bottle, it is m to weigh quality0Soil sample a be placed in volumetric flask；
Step 3：Added water into volumetric flask less than graduation mark A, graduation mark A is added water to after eliminating bubble；Weigh now matter
Measure as m10；
Step 4：By above-mentioned volumetric flask cleaning, drying after, to it in add water to scale A, obtain the quality of volumetric flask+water
m20；
Step 5：The soil sample a of certain mass is taken, its moisture content ω is obtained by oven drying method0；
Step 6：Calculated specific gravity G is calculated by following formulasc：
Step 7：By calculated specific gravity GscInstead of the actual specific gravity G of the sand soil in hydrometer methods, chiltern is detected according to hydrometer method
Moisture content in soil.
During specific experiment, during step 7 detects sand soil moisture content according to hydrometer method, use range for 2000~
4000g, scale division value is 0.01g electronic balance, using 1000mL volumetric flask.
Further, the step 3 is consistent with keeping temperature in step 4 operating process.
Further, it is T that the mixed liquor in step 3, which measures its temperature,；Also include procedure below in step 4：It is attached in temperature T
N temperature value closely is taken, the water of n temperature value corresponding temperature is separately added into n identical volumetric flask to graduation mark A, difference
Weigh its quality；The curve that the quality rendering quality obtained according to different temperatures varies with temperature；It is now warm according to profile lookup
Quality m corresponding to degree20。
Further, according to the aqueous soil sample a of 5 different proportional arrangements in the step 11、a2、a3、a4、a5, repeat to walk
Rapid 2-6 calculates its calculated specific gravity G respectivelysc1、Gsc2、Gsc3、Gsc4And Gsc5, obtained calculated specific gravity is then taken into arithmetic average
Value, as calculated specific gravity Gsc。
Further, aqueous soil sample a1、a2、a3、a4、a5In every kind of aqueous soil sample take two parts, respectively according to step 2-6 calculate
Its calculated specific gravity, arithmetic average is taken to be worth to calculated specific gravity G finally obtain 10 calculated specific gravitiessc。
Further, in the step 7, using the volumetric flask identical volumetric flask with being used during step 1-7, sampling
The quality of product with it is identical in quality in step 2；According to the sand soil that configuration is measured during hydrometer method detection sand soil moisture content
Sample, volumetric flask, water form the temperature T of mixed liquor1；According to temperature T1Corresponding mass is searched in the curve varied with temperature from quality.
Further, weigh in Quality Process and use range as 2000~4000g, scale division value is 0.01g electronic balance.
Hydrometer method：
Using《Earthwork test rule》(SL237-1999) process specified in and formula are carried out；This method belongs to offline inspection
Survey method, detection speed is very fast, and compared to oven drying method, its detection time is short, and compared to alcohol combustion method, its is safe；Specific mistake
Journey is as follows：
(1) instrument and equipment
Vial：More than volume 500mL；
Balance：Weigh 1000g, scale division value 0.5g；
Other：Funnel, small spoon, water suction ball, sheet glass, soil sample disk and glass bar etc..
Operating procedure：
1) 200~300g of representative chiltern soil sample is taken, is put into soil sample disk；
2) into vial, the sample in soil sample disk to 1/3 or so, is then poured into bottle, is used in combination by injected clear water with funnel
Glass bar stirs 1~2min, untill gassiness is completely exhausted out；
3) into bottle plus clear water is to being completely filled with, stand and suck foam with water suction ball after 1min, then add clear water to be full of it,
Sheet glass is covered, dries the m that bottle outer wall weighs1；
4) mixed liquor in bottle is removed, is cleaned, then into bottle plus clear water is to being completely filled with, covers sheet glass, dries a bottle outer wall
Weigh to obtain m2；
5) moisture content is calculated according to following formula：
In formula：ω is moisture content, %；M be damp sand matter soil sample quality, g；Gs be sand soil actual specific gravity, using than
Weight bottle measures, dimensionless；m1For the gross mass of vial, water and sand soil, g；m2For the gross mass of quality bottle, water, g.
But there is following deficiency in existing hydrometer method：
(1) because moisture content is represented with percentage, it is therefore desirable to be multiplied by 100 on the right of formula；Pass through checking, formula
In parameter m, m1、m2, Gs smaller change, can all make the result larger change again of moisture content, i.e., the sensitiveness of formula compared with
Greatly so that the moisture content result of hydrometer method detection has exceeded permissible value compared with the error of oven drying method, and testing result is not suitable for using
In engineering in practice.
(2) indefinite to the concept of " vial " statement in hydrometer method, its type is without illustrating；According to conventional four tunnels,
It is general to be tested using 500mL, 1000mL beaker, graduated cylinder, the influence of human error is reduced or eliminated in experiment as far as possible；But
It is or the needs of Practical Project can not be met；
(3) range of the electronic balance recommended in hydrometer method is 1000g, precision 0.5g, and precision can not meet to try
Test requirement；
(4) moreover, being found by experiment that, the variable density of water is caused to be produced not in this experiment due to the change of water temperature
Insignificant influence, thus cause quality of the material of the same race under same volume different；Hydrometer method does not consider weighing m1And m2When
The difference of water temperature.
The present invention on the basis of existing technology, by the improvement of creativeness, improves applicability and accuracy of detection, from examination
Test in process and computational methods and be improved, reduce the error of testing result, testing result of the invention is close or equal to baking
The result of dry method.
Oven drying method：
Using《Earthwork test rule》(SL237-1999) process specified in is carried out：
The calculation formula of its moisture content is：
In formula：ω is moisture content, %；M be damp sand matter soil sample quality, g；mdFor dry ground quality, g.
Embodiment
Detailed process is as follows：
For a kind of sand soil, 5 representative moisture content soil samples are configured；Actual according to engineering, sand soil contains
Water rate scope is typically within 15%；Need the calculated specific gravity for ensureing to draw to have while in view of reducing workload again to represent
Property, therefore for a kind of sand soil, configure moisture content close to 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, 12.0% and 15.0% five contain
The soil sample of water rate；
Instrument and equipment
Volumetric flask：The volumetric flask that 2 solvents are 1000mL；
Electronic balance：Range 2000g~4000g, scale division value 0.01g；
Aluminium box：It is some；
Baking oven：One.
Other：Thin plastic funnel, plasterer's trowel, rubber head dropper, soil sample disk, glass bar, thermometer etc..
Operating procedure：
1) several are weighed and dries the quality of aluminium box, and is kept a record；
2) moisture of residual in volumetric flask is poured out, makes its internal drying of trying one's best, while dries the moisture of volumetric flask outer wall, is put
Weighed on electronic balance, record the weighing result of two volumetric flasks；
3) take representative chiltern soil sample 1000g to be put into soil sample disk, the moisture content configured as requested, weigh appropriate clear
Water, clear water is poured into chiltern soil sample, uniform mixing；
4) uniform mixing damp sand matter soil sample is respectively charged into two volumetric flasks, one of dress 250g, another dress
200g, while the damp sand matter soil sample for weighing 2 parts of 40~50g uniform mixings respectively is fitted into the aluminium box got ready, and weigh aluminium box
With the gross mass of damp sand matter soil sample；
5) into volumetric flask, injected clear water to 1/3 or so of volumetric flask capacity, covers bottle stopper, volumetric flask is tilted, overturn
30s or so is rocked, while observes whether volumetric flask bottom also has a large amount of bubbles；Continue upset if also having to rock, the bottom of until
Untill portion's bubble collapse；1min is stood, adds water to less than graduation mark 5mm or so and after most bubbles rise to the surface, uses
Rubber head dropper absorbs the bubble on surface, adds water to concave meniscus and is flushed with graduation mark；
6) capacity bottle stopper is covered, dries a bottle outer wall, weighs volumetric flask, chiltern soil sample, the gross mass m of water10；
7) bottle stopper is taken out, the head of thermometer is suspended to the middle part of volumetric flask, reads the temperature of mixed liquor；
8) repeat step 2)~7), the experiment of the determination calculated specific gravity under other moisture content is done to same sand soil；
9) the aluminium box of the damp sand matter soil sample equipped with different water cut is put into baking oven, toasts 6~8h, weighed after taking-up, led to
Cross the accurate moisture content that following formula calculates damp sand matter soil sample；
In formula：ω is moisture content, %；M be damp sand matter soil sample quality, g；mdFor dry ground quality, g.
10) above-mentioned volumetric flask used being cleaned up, the clear water for loading different temperatures flushes to concave meniscus with graduation mark,
The temperature of water takes the value of near room temperature；Load after clear water and weigh the gross mass m of volumetric flask and water immediately20, and keep a record；Repeat
This step, obtain quality during different temperatures；The curve that the data obtained are varied with temperature with curve matching into quality；It is right
Quality at a temperature of other, it is only necessary to searched according to temperature from curve；Because the inventive method is generally used in real time
Detection, so generally drawing in curve procedures can select a number of temperature value to be tested near room temperature, paint
It is made as the curve that quality varies with temperature；
11) sample data is brought into calculated specific gravity GscIn calculation formula；
Obtain a kind of 10 ratios of sand soil under 5 moisture content (3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, 12.0%, 15.0%)
Weight (moisture content has two parallel tests, can obtain two very close to proportion)；Above-mentioned 10 ratios are refetched into arithmetic to put down
Average, as calculated specific gravity.
Utilize calculated specific gravity GscInstead of the actual specific gravity G of the sand soil in hydrometer methods, detected according to hydrometer method in sand soil
Moisture content.
Detailed process is as follows：
Instrument and equipment：
Volumetric flask：The volumetric flask that 2 volumes are 1000mL；
Electronic balance：Range 2000g~4000g, scale division value 0.01g；
Baking oven：One；
Other：Thin plastic funnel, trowel, rubber head dropper, soil sample disk, glass bar, thermometer etc.；
Operating procedure：
1) moisture of residual in volumetric flask is poured out, makes internal drying of trying one's best, while dries the moisture of volumetric flask outer wall, is placed on
Weighed on electronic balance, record the weighing result of two volumetric flasks；
2) chiltern soil sample to be measured is respectively charged into two volumetric flasks, one of dress 250g, another dress 200g；
3) clear water of its capacity 1/3 or so is injected into volumetric flask, bottle stopper is covered, volumetric flask is tilted, 30s is rocked in upset
Left and right；Observe whether volumetric flask bottom also has a large amount of bubbles simultaneously, continue upset if also having and rock, bubble disappears until bottom
Untill mistake；1min is stood, is added water to less than graduation mark 5mm or so, after most bubbles rise to the surface, with rubber head dropper
The bubble on surface is absorbed, adds water to concave meniscus and is flushed with graduation mark；
4) capacity bottle stopper is covered, a bottle outer wall is dried, weighs volumetric flask, chiltern soil sample, the gross mass m of water1；
5) bottle stopper is taken out, the head of thermometer is suspended to the middle part of volumetric flask, reads the temperature of mixed liquor；
6) according to the temperature of measured mixed liquor, the m for corresponding to volumetric flask is searched20Variation with temperature curve, obtains m2；
7) bring the above-mentioned parameter measured into hydrometer method and calculate moisture content formula, obtain the moisture content that the present invention detects；
Item is one should also note that in said process：
(1) found by analysis, in the calculation formula of detection sand soil moisture content, the minor variations of each parameter
It can cause the larger change of result of calculation, therefore to follow strictly that science is objective, reduces man's activity in testing；
(2) " vial " implication used in hydrometer method test at present is indefinite, is held herein using high-precision 1000mL
Measuring bottle replaces " vial "；Meanwhile the electronic balance that precision as defined in hydrometer method is 0.5g can not meet test requirements document at all, this
Invention recommends the electronic balance that precision is 0.01g；
(3) temperature of water is higher than and during less than 4 DEG C, and its density is all small than 4 DEG C, and when higher than 4 DEG C, the density of water is with temperature
The rise of degree and reduce；Less than 4 DEG C be higher than 0 DEG C when, the rise of the density with temperature of water and increase；It is found by experiment that, due to
The change of water temperature and cause the change of the density of water in test to produce the influence that can not ignore；Thus cause under same volume
The quality of water is different；Therefore, should be according to measure m when testing every time1When temperature determine m2, that is, determine m2When temperature must
Must be with determining m1When temperature it is identical；In practice, water temperature typically fluctuates above and below room temperature in certain limit, can be with measured in advance
Go out a series of m under common water temperatures2, draw m2Variation with temperature curve, for consulting；Hereafter, according to m1Temperature, in curve
M corresponding to upper determination2；
(4) when adding water to 1/3 or so of volumetric flask volume, in order to discharge bubble, bottle stopper should be covered, rocks a 30s left sides
The right side, 2min is stood, add water to less than graduation mark 5mm or so, after most bubbles rise to the surface, absorbed with rubber head dropper
The bubble on surface；After bubble is absorbed, the concave meniscus for adding water to water flushes with graduation mark；The bubble on surface is absorbed with rubber head dropper
When, the chiltern soil particle of a small amount of particle diameter very little may be contained in bubble；By test statistics, the gross mass of these a small amount of sand soils
Very little, it can be ignored；
(5) when testing, the quality of volumetric flask should be first weighed, then chiltern soil sample to be measured is fitted into volumetric flask, weighing bottle and sand
Quality, so that it is determined that the quality of the chiltern soil sample weighed；Load weighted chiltern soil sample can not be put into charging tray in advance, prevented
The only evaporation of chiltern soil sample reclaimed water point, so as to influence testing result；
(6) need to draw its calculated specific gravity through overtesting before using the present invention for each sand soil in practice,
This step work is fulfiled ahead of schedule, is ready for follow-up moisture content detection in practice.
According to being tested the step of above-described embodiment by taking the sand soil of five kinds of routines as an example；
According to《Earthwork test rule》(SL237-1999) requiring, hydrometer method is applied to the sand soil that particle diameter is less than 5mm, because
This is sieved during soil sample is prepared with 5mm sieve to sand soil；Tested according to the step of embodiment, really
The calculated specific gravity of fixed five kinds of sand soils, its result are as follows：Wherein table 1- tables 5 are respectively the result of calculation of five kinds of sand soil experiments.
1 No. 1 sand soil calculated specific gravities of table
2 No. 2 sand soil calculated specific gravities of table
3 No. 3 sand soil calculated specific gravities of table
4 No. 4 sand soil calculated specific gravities of table
5 No. 5 sand soil calculated specific gravities of table
From the test data of table 1- tables 5 can calculate No. 1-No. 5 sand average computation proportion be respectively 2.720,2.694,
2.682、2.740、2.722；The proportion of sand soil of the particle diameter less than 5mm can use bottle method to determine；Pass through bottle method
The actual specific gravity that experiment can obtain No. 1-No. 5 sand soils is respectively 2.796,2.736,2.745,2.725,2.743；From result
It can be seen that the calculated specific gravity of five kinds of sand soils difference parallel with actual specific gravity, between 0.015~0.076, mean difference is
0.0434；Only No. 4 sand soils are less than 0.02, and remaining four kinds are all higher than 0.02, and difference is larger；《Earthwork test rule》
(SL237-1999) provided in, bottle method measure proportion need to carry out parallel determination twice, and its parallel difference cannot be greater than 0.02；
As can be seen that the calculated specific gravity of each sand soil and the difference of actual specific gravity are generally higher than 0.02 from above-mentioned experiment, calculated specific gravity
It is larger with the difference of actual specific gravity；Illustrate the meaning for having different from actual specific gravity using calculated specific gravity.
In order to further verify that identified each calculated specific gravity is suitable under different water cut for same sand soil
With property and accuracy；Configure the soil sample of different water cut, incorporation engineering is actual, chiltern soil's water content typically below 15%,
Therefore the soil sample being respectively configured close to 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, 15.0% moisture content is verified；Root
According to the test procedure of foregoing hydrometer method detection sand soil moisture content, the parameter needed；In order to verify the inventive method than real
The precision of border hydrometer method is high, by the actual specific gravity G of sand soilsWith calculated specific gravity GscBring into moisture content calculation formula, obtain respectively
Go out the Water Content Tests in Soil Samples of actual specific gravity method and the inventive method；Result of calculation such as 6~table of table 10, ω is containing for oven drying method in following table
Water rate testing result, ωcIt is the result of the inventive method for calculated specific gravity method, ω a are the result of actual specific gravity method, | ωc-ω|
For the absolute error of the inventive method and oven drying method (exact value), | ωa- ω | for actual specific gravity method and the absolute mistake of oven drying method
Difference.
The Water Content Tests in Soil Samples of 6 No. 1 sand soil calculated specific gravity methods of table and actual specific gravity method
The Water Content Tests in Soil Samples of 7 No. 2 sand soil calculated specific gravity methods of table and actual specific gravity method
The Water Content Tests in Soil Samples of 8 No. 3 sand soil calculated specific gravity methods of table and actual specific gravity method
The Water Content Tests in Soil Samples of 9 No. 4 sand soil calculated specific gravity methods of table and actual specific gravity method
The Water Content Tests in Soil Samples of 10 No. 5 sand soil calculated specific gravity methods of table and actual specific gravity method
When chiltern soil's water content to be measured is less than 10%, the moisture content difference of Parallel testing should be less than or be equal to twice
0.5%；When chiltern soil's water content to be measured is 10%~40%, the moisture content difference of Parallel testing should be less than or be equal to twice
1%；The inventive method i.e. calculated specific gravity method, which is can be seen that, from the data of 6~table of table 10 detects 2,4, No. 5 chiltern soil's water contents
As a result above-mentioned two requirement is met simultaneously, the testing result of 1, No. 3 sand soil meets second requirement, and being unsatisfactory for first will
Ask；But in 6 soil samples of 1, No. 3 every kind of sand soil, only a soil sample is unsatisfactory for requiring；And it is unsatisfactory for desired soil sample
Calculated specific gravity method moisture content result and oven drying method absolute error be less than actual specific gravity method moisture content result and oven drying method
Absolute error, and the partial results of calculated specific gravity method and the result of oven drying method are very close；According to statistics, in actual specific gravity
In 30 groups of data of method result, 19 groups are unsatisfactory for《Earthwork test rule》(SL237-1999) require, accounted for 63.3%, only
11 groups of satisfactions requirement therein.
According to the principle about error in surveying, in the case of known true value, the essence of measured value and exact value is weighed
True degree can be represented with standard deviation；But the number in actually measuring is always limited, therefore define in the measurements limited
The approximation for the standard deviation that the accidental error of individual measured value is tried to achieve is referred to as " middle error ", is represented with σ, i.e.,：
In formula：Δ is the accidental error of measured value and exact value, and n is pendulous frequency.σ can weigh hydrometer method on the whole
Result and oven drying method result degree of closeness, σ is smaller, closer with accurate result, and σ is bigger, more remote with accurate result.
The middle error of the result and oven drying method result of every kind of sand soil hydrometer method is calculated using above-mentioned formula；By calculating 1
Number~the middle error of the calculated specific gravity methods of No. 5 sand soils and actual specific gravity method result is as shown in table 11；As can be seen from the table,
For each sand soil, the middle error of calculated specific gravity method is significantly less than the middle error of actual specific gravity method；Illustrate on the whole for
For same sand soil in the case of different water cut, the order of accuarcy of calculated specific gravity method is substantially better than actual specific gravity method.
The middle error of 11 5 kinds of sand soil calculated specific gravity methods of table and actual specific gravity method result
Pass through above-mentioned experiment, it can be seen that calculated specific gravity method is that result of the present invention meets the requirement of moisture content accuracy of detection, portion
Divide the result of the very close oven drying method of testing result of moisture content；And the result of existing actual specific gravity method and the result of oven drying method
Error is larger, and the overwhelming majority is unsatisfactory for required precision；And by experiment as can be seen that the inventive method need to only spend 20min,
It can detect that chiltern soil's water content to be detected；The purpose of " real-time " detection can be basically reached, there is stronger practicality.
For same sand soil, under different water cut, thick-and-thin amount is the proportion of sand soil；And if only
Reduce or eliminate the shadow of human error as far as possible only by using high-precision volumetric flask and electronic balance, and in detection process
Ring, the error of its moisture content result and oven drying method is still unsatisfactory for requiring；The present invention proposes a kind of new index --- calculates
Proportion Gsc, replace the actual specific gravity in hydrometer method calculation formula to carry out the calculating of moisture content with calculated specific gravity；Therefore, will be this fast
The method of speed detection sand soil moisture content is referred to as calculated specific gravity method；In advance by calculated specific gravity G in the present inventionscIt is calculated, then
Site Detection moisture content is carried out according to hydrometer method step；The present invention only needs 20min to can detect that the aqueous of sand soil to be measured
Rate；6h is at least needed compared to oven drying method, the present invention highly shortened detection time, and its detection speed is fast, precision is high, can base
Originally the purpose of " real-time " detection is reached；Electric energy is saved simultaneously；The present invention is applied to sand soil of the particle diameter in below 5mm, after
Phase is tested 5 kinds of conventional sand soils, and the result that the present invention is detected shows the present invention compared with oven drying method result
Testing result and oven drying method it is very close, disclosure satisfy that error requirements substantially；Present invention detection below 5mm sand soil contains
Water rate has good applicability and generalization.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of detection method of sand soil moisture content, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Chiltern soil sample is taken, by a certain percentage plus water is configured to aqueous soil sample a；
Step 2：Try to please measuring bottle, it is m to weigh quality0Soil sample a be placed in volumetric flask；
Step 3：Added water into volumetric flask less than graduation mark A, graduation mark A is added water to after eliminating bubble；Weighing now quality is
m10；
Step 4：By above-mentioned volumetric flask cleaning, drying after, to it in add water to scale A, obtain the quality m of volumetric flask+water20；
Step 5：The soil sample a of certain mass is taken, its moisture content ω is obtained by oven drying method0；
Step 6：Calculated specific gravity G is calculated by following formulasc：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mn>10</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mn>20</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>&omega;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mn>100</mn>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Step 7：By calculated specific gravity GscInstead of the actual specific gravity Gs of the sand soil in hydrometer method, detected according to hydrometer method in sand soil
Moisture content.
2. the detection method of a kind of sand soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3 and step
Keeping temperature is consistent in rapid 4 operating process.
A kind of 3. detection method of sand soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mixing in step 3
It is T that liquid, which measures its temperature,；Also include procedure below in step 4：N temperature value is taken near temperature T, n temperature value is corresponding
The water of temperature is separately added into same volumetric flask to graduation mark A, weighs its quality respectively；The quality obtained according to different temperatures
The curve that rendering quality varies with temperature；According to quality m corresponding to profile lookup now temperature20。
4. the detection method of a kind of sand soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pressed in the step 1
According to the aqueous soil sample a of 5 different proportional arrangements1、a2、a3、a4、a5, repeat step 2-6 calculates its calculated specific gravity G respectivelysc1、Gsc2、
Gsc3、Gsc4And Gsc5, obtained calculated specific gravity is then taken into arithmetic mean of instantaneous value, as calculated specific gravity Gsc。
A kind of 5. detection method of sand soil moisture content according to claim 4, it is characterised in that aqueous soil sample a1、a2、
a3、a4、a5In every kind of aqueous soil sample take two parts, calculate its calculated specific gravity according to step 2-6 respectively, by finally obtain 10 meter
Calculate and obtain calculated specific gravity G than refetching arithmetic mean of instantaneous valuesc。
6. the detection method of a kind of sand soil moisture content according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in the step 7, adopt
Be identical volumetric flask with the volumetric flask with being used during step 1-7, take the quality of sample with it is identical in quality in step 2；
The temperature that the chiltern soil sample of configuration, volumetric flask, water are measured during sand soil moisture content and forms mixed liquor is detected according to hydrometer method
T1；According to temperature T1Corresponding mass is searched in the curve varied with temperature from quality.
7. the detection method of a kind of sand soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that weigh in Quality Process
Range is used as 2000~4000g, scale division value is 0.01g electronic balance.
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| CN110082250A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-02 | 四川大学 | A method of quickly detecting non-cohesive soil moisture content |
| CN111141637A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-12 | 湖南科技大学 | Specific gravity determination method for strong hygroscopic soil |
| CN114002371A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-01 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for rapidly determining water content of earth material of center wall in earth-rock dam construction |
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| CN110082250A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-02 | 四川大学 | A method of quickly detecting non-cohesive soil moisture content |
| CN111141637A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-12 | 湖南科技大学 | Specific gravity determination method for strong hygroscopic soil |
| CN114002371A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-01 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for rapidly determining water content of earth material of center wall in earth-rock dam construction |
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