CN111141343A - Portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking - Google Patents
Portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN111141343A CN111141343A CN201911333301.5A CN201911333301A CN111141343A CN 111141343 A CN111141343 A CN 111141343A CN 201911333301 A CN201911333301 A CN 201911333301A CN 111141343 A CN111141343 A CN 111141343A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
Abstract
A portable ultrasonic automatic flow measuring method for tracking the water level of open channel features that an automatic flow measuring unit is arranged above the channel of open channel, a supporting rod is inserted in water bottom, a power supply is connected, a liquid level ultrasonic sensor measures the height of water level of open channel, the ultrasonic sensor emits ultrasonic waves to water surface, the water level is calculated out by height difference, a measuring rod is moved up and down by a slide block and driven by a steering engine to rotate 360 deg, an intelligent controller automatically controls the position of ultrasonic probe according to the height of water level, and is arranged on water surface and water bottom, alternatively emits and receives ultrasonic waves in opposite directions, the collected data is wirelessly transmitted to monitor, the flow rate is calculated out by time difference method, the flow of channel is automatically calculated out by program and displayed on LCD screen, and the method is not affected by water environment, has high measuring precision and wide application range, time and labor are saved, and the method has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic flow measurement method for an open channel, in particular to a method for automatically measuring the flow of the open channel by utilizing an ultrasonic sensor and an intelligent controller according to the ultrasonic time difference principle.
Background
The prior art is as follows: zhao Zheng, non-contact flow sensor [ J ] based on ultrasonic time difference method, automated application, 2014(07), 82-85, flow measuring instruments are various, the flow detection by ultrasonic is an important method, the existing ultrasonic flow measuring method mainly comprises a propagation time difference method, a Doppler method, a correlation method and a beam shift method, the Doppler effect considers that when a transmitter and a receiver move relatively, the sound frequency sensed by the receiver changes, the change of the sound frequency relative to the sound source is Doppler frequency shift, and the change is in direct proportion to the relative movement between the transmitter and the receiver.
The prior art is as follows: the method is characterized in that the flow velocity and the flow rate are obtained by measuring the time spent by a certain tracing mark which can be observed in a flowing medium along two fixed points in the flowing direction when fluid flows in a pipeline, and the measurement precision of the correlation method is high, but a plurality of sensors are needed, the cost is high, and the method is only suitable for measuring small pipelines and small flows.
The prior art is as follows: the flow rate is measured by using the beam offset method based on an ultrasonic time difference method pipeline flowmeter integration algorithm and experimental research [ D ] 2006, wherein the beam offset method is used for measuring the flow rate by using the offset of beams generated by the flow of fluid when ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the fluid, and the method is low in sensitivity and is generally only used for measuring the large flow rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low measurement precision, small application range and complex operation of the conventional measurement method and provides a portable automatic flow measurement method of ultrasonic wave for tracking open channel water level.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking is characterized in that: the automatic flow measuring method is carried out by adopting an automatic flow measuring device according to the following steps:
(1) carrying the automatic flow measuring device to the upper part of the channel of the open channel by hand, vertically placing the support rod into the water bottom, switching on a power supply, and clicking the start on the liquid crystal display screen;
(2) the liquid level ultrasonic sensor measures the water level, the stepping motor drives the sliding block to slide up and down according to the height of the water level, and the steering engine drives the measuring rod to rotate;
(3) the single chip microcomputer program is operated to control the displacement distance of the sliding block and the rotation angle of the steering engine, so that the ultrasonic probes at two ends of the measuring rod are respectively positioned on the water surface and the water bottom to start measurement, the two ultrasonic probes alternately transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in opposite directions, the analog quantity signals output by the liquid level ultrasonic sensors are converted into digital signals identified by the single chip microcomputer through A/D (analog/digital) conversion, the acquired data are displayed through a liquid crystal display screen and are transmitted to a GPRS (general packet radio service) terminal through a communication interface through the single chip microcomputer program operation, the online monitoring of an upper computer is realized, and finally the program automatically calculates the channel section flow and displays the;
the measuring rods are arranged in parallel along the flow velocity direction, the position of the measuring rods in the vertical direction is automatically changed according to the height of the water level under the driving of a stepping motor and a steering engine, the steering engine controls the measuring rods to rotate by a certain angle, so that the two ultrasonic probes are respectively positioned on the water surface and the water bottom, the measuring rods and the flow velocity direction form a certain angle, the flow velocity on the measuring line is measured by a time difference method, and the flow velocity is corrected to obtain the average flow velocity of the section; or
The measuring rod is placed at a certain angle level with the flow velocity direction, according to the water level, the stepping motor controls the measuring rod to move linearly in the vertical direction, the steering engine controls the measuring rod to rotate by a certain angle, one probe is positioned on the water surface, the other probe is positioned at the bottom of the water, the flow velocity on the measuring line is measured, the flow velocity simultaneously comprises the flow velocity in the horizontal direction and the flow velocity in the vertical direction, the relation between the flow velocity and the average flow velocity of the section is sought, and the average flow velocity of the section is obtained.
Furthermore, the invention has the following technical characteristic scheme.
A portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking is characterized in that: the liquid level ultrasonic sensor firstly measures the water level height of an open channel, the liquid level ultrasonic sensor sends out ultrasonic pulse signals by a probe, when the pulse signals meet the surface of a measured medium to be reflected, the same probe converts the reflected echoes into electric signals when receiving the reflected echoes, the interval time from the emission to the reception of the ultrasonic pulses is obtained, and the distance from the probe to the water surface is measuredhKnowing the distance of the probe to the water bottomh 1By height differenceh 1-hCalculating to obtain a water level, and obtaining a flow rate according to a time difference method;
the distance between the two transducers is L, when the ultrasonic water flow measuring device works, the transducer 1 transmits ultrasonic pulses to the transducer 2 along the water flow, and the propagation time of the ultrasonic pulses passing through the L along the water flow is measuredt 12The transducer 2 then transmits ultrasonic pulses to the transducer 1 in the reverse direction to measure the propagation time of the reverse water passing through the Lt 21：
Where L is the distance between the two transducers and C is the speed of propagation of the ultrasound in the stationary medium, since V < < C, the above equation is rewritten as:
therefore, the flow velocity is proportional to the time difference between forward and backward ultrasonic propagation, and the flow rate is obtained by the flow velocity area method Q = AV.
A portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking is characterized in that: the automatic flow measuring device comprises a screw rod, a stepping motor, an ultrasonic probe, a guide rail, a liquid level ultrasonic sensor, a steering engine, a sliding block, a supporting rod, a measuring rod and a fixed base plate; wherein:
the supporting rod is an aluminum profile, and a liquid level ultrasonic sensor is mounted at the top end of the supporting rod to measure the water level height of the open channel; the guide rail is a mechanical aluminum profile with a built-in double-axis linear guide rail, and the support rod is fixedly connected with the guide rail through a fixed base plate; a sliding block and a screw rod are arranged on the built-in double-axis linear guide rail, and the sliding block is connected with a steering engine; the stepping motor arranged on the screw rod drives the sliding block and the steering engine to slide up and down on the screw rod, the steering engine is connected with the measuring rod and controls the rotating angle of the measuring rod, and the two ends of the measuring rod are provided with the ultrasonic probes for 360-degree vertical plane rotation measurement;
a portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking is characterized in that: the measuring rod is a thin rod made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or graphene.
A portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking is characterized in that: the rotating speed of the stepping motor is 25rad/s or self-adjusting.
The implementation of the portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking provided by the invention is a measurement method based on liquid level tracking, the method has high measurement precision, is not influenced by water body environment, has wide application range, can obtain the average flow velocity of the cross section by only one measurement, is time-saving and labor-saving, has a simple flow calculation formula, and has wide development prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a mechanical block diagram of the measuring device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the flow measuring device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electrical structure of the flow measuring device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1: a screw rod; 2: a stepping motor; 3: a measuring rod; 4: a steering engine; 5: a slider; 6: an ultrasonic probe; 7: a liquid level ultrasonic sensor; 8: a support bar; 9: fixing the base plate; 10: a guide rail.
Detailed Description
The following provides a further detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
The implementation of a portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking adopts an automatic flow measurement device and comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying the automatic flow measuring device to the upper part of the channel of the open channel by hand, vertically placing the support rod 8 into the water bottom, switching on a power supply, and clicking the start on the liquid crystal display screen;
(2) the liquid level ultrasonic sensor 7 measures the water level, the stepping motor 2 drives the slide block 5 to slide up and down according to the height of the water level, and the steering engine 4 drives the measuring rod 3 to rotate;
(3) singlechip program operation, the distance of control slider 5 displacement and the angle of steering wheel 4 rotation, make the ultrasonic transducer 6 at 3 both ends of measuring stick be located surface of water and submarine respectively, begin to measure, two ultrasonic transducer 6 transmit and receive the ultrasonic wave in turn in opposite directions, liquid level ultrasonic sensor 7 converts the analog signal of its output into singlechip discernment's digital signal through AD, through singlechip program operation, the data that will gather pass through liquid crystal display and show, transmit to the GPRS terminal through communication interface simultaneously, realize the on-line monitoring of host computer, channel section flow is worked out automatically to final procedure, and show on liquid crystal display.
In above-mentioned specific embodiment, measuring stick 3 is placed along flow direction parallel, under step motor 2 and steering wheel 4's drive, according to the height of water level, the automatic position of changing measuring stick 3 in vertical direction, steering wheel 4 control measuring stick 3 rotatory certain angle for two ultrasonic transducer 6 are located surface of water and submarine respectively, measuring stick 3 is certain angle with the flow direction this moment, measure the velocity of flow on this survey line through the time difference method, revise this velocity of flow, obtain the average velocity of flow of section.
In above-mentioned specific embodiment, measuring stick 3 also can be a definite angle level with the velocity of flow direction and place, according to the water level, step motor 2 control measuring stick 3 is vertical direction's linear movement, steering wheel 4 control measuring stick 3 is rotatory certain angle, make a probe be located the surface of water equally, another probe is located the bottom, measure the velocity of flow on this survey line, this velocity of flow contains the velocity of flow of level and two vertical directions simultaneously, seek the relation of this velocity of flow and section average velocity of flow from this, obtain the section average velocity of flow.
In the above specific embodiment, the liquid level ultrasonic sensor 7 measures the water level of the open channel first, the liquid level ultrasonic sensor 7 sends out an ultrasonic pulse signal by a probe, when the pulse signal meets the surface of the measured medium to be reflected, the same probe converts the reflected echo into an electric signal when receiving the reflected echo, the interval time from the emission to the reception of the ultrasonic pulse is obtained, and the distance from the probe to the water surface is measuredhKnowing the distance of the probe to the water bottomh 1By height differenceh 1-hCalculating to obtain water level, and obtaining flow rate according to the time difference method.
In the above embodiment, the distance between the two transducers is L, and in operation, the transducer 1 transmits an ultrasonic pulse to the transducer 2 along the water flow, and the propagation time of the ultrasonic pulse along the water flow passing through L is measuredt 12The transducer 2 then transmits ultrasonic pulses to the transducer 1 in the reverse direction to measure the propagation time of the reverse water passing through the Lt 21 ：
Where L is the distance between the two transducers and C is the speed of propagation of the ultrasound in the stationary medium, since V < < C, the above equation is rewritten as:
therefore, the flow velocity is proportional to the time difference between forward and backward ultrasonic propagation, and the flow rate is obtained by the flow velocity area method Q = AV.
In the above specific embodiment, the automatic flow measuring device includes a screw, a stepping motor, an ultrasonic probe, a guide rail, a liquid level ultrasonic sensor, a steering engine, a slider, a support rod, a measuring rod, and a fixed base plate; the supporting rod 8 is an aluminum profile, and the top end of the supporting rod is provided with a liquid level ultrasonic sensor 7 for measuring the water level height of the open channel; the guide rail 10 is a mechanical aluminum profile with a double-axis linear guide rail arranged inside, and the support rod 8 is fixedly connected with the guide rail 10 through a fixed backing plate 9; a sliding block 5 and a screw rod 1 are arranged on the built-in double-axis linear guide rail 10, and the sliding block 5 is connected with a steering engine 4; through step motor 2 that sets up on the lead screw 1 drives slider 5 and steering wheel 4 and makes and slide from top to bottom on lead screw 1, and steering wheel 4 is connected with measuring stick 3 to the rotation angle of control measuring stick 3, ultrasonic transducer 6 is installed at the both ends of measuring stick 3 and is made 360 degrees vertical plane rotation measurements.
In the above embodiment, the measuring rod 3 is a thin rod made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or graphene.
In the above embodiment, the rotation speed of the stepping motor 2 is 25rad/s or self-adjusting.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in the flow measurement method, when the portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for tracking the water level of the open channel provided by the invention is implemented, the support rod 8 is fixed and can manually rotate 360 degrees in situ, and the measurement rod 3 can also rotate 360 degrees under the drive of the steering engine 4, so that various different measurement modes can be realized by changing the positions of the support rod 8 and the measurement rod 3, and the specific measurement method comprises the following steps:
step one, the support rod 3 is fixed and inserted into water to the bottom, the measurement rod 3 is placed in parallel along the water flow direction, the measurement rod 3 is rotated to enable the ultrasonic probe 6 to be located on the water surface and the water bottom respectively, the flow velocity on one measurement line can be measured, the support rod 8 is moved to measure the flow velocity on a plurality of measurement lines, and the average flow velocity of the cross section is calculated.
And step two, the supporting rod 8 is fixed, is inserted into water to the bottom, the measuring rod 3 is placed at a certain angle with the water flow direction, the position of the measuring rod 3 is continuously changed, the ultrasonic probe 6 is ensured to be respectively positioned on the water surface and the bottom, a plurality of flow velocities are measured, and the relation between the measured flow velocity and the average flow velocity of the section is searched.
According to the method, the flow velocity V is calculated through the time difference delta t of the forward flow and the backward flow in the same distance, and the flow Q is further calculated according to a flow velocity area method.
The function relationship of Q and Δ t is derived as:
during specific use, arrange the survey flow device in and measure the waters top, vertically insert aquatic to the bottom, the switch on, utilize ultrasonic wave level sensor 7 to record the liquid level of this surface of water, step motor 2 work this moment, measuring stick 3 can the up-and-down motion under slider 5 control, steering wheel 4 control measuring stick 3 is rotatory certain angle, make measuring stick 3 with be certain angle along the rivers direction and place, guarantee that ultrasonic probe 6 arranges surface of water and bottom respectively in, according to the difference of liquid level, the position of automatically regulated measuring stick 3, can carry out the measurement of many times different positions.
The flow measuring mode is that two ultrasonic probes 6 which are integrated in a receiving and transmitting mode are respectively placed at the water bottom and the water surface in a direction which forms a certain angle with the water flow direction, a measuring rod 3 of the flow measuring device can move up and down under the driving of a stepping motor 2 and can rotate for a certain angle through a steering engine 4, the position of the ultrasonic probe 6 can be automatically adjusted according to different water levels, and the ultrasonic probe is ensured to be respectively placed at the water surface and the water bottom; the flow velocity is obtained according to the relation between the propagation time difference of the forward flow and the reverse flow of the ultrasonic waves in the fluid and the flow velocity of the measured fluid, the relation between the measured velocity and the average flow velocity of the whole flowing water section is established, the area of the channel is calculated according to the measured liquid level, and the flow rate of the channel can be calculated according to a flow velocity area method.
Claims (5)
1. A portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method for open channel water level tracking is characterized in that: the automatic flow measuring method is carried out by adopting an automatic flow measuring device according to the following steps:
carrying the automatic flow measuring device to the upper part of the channel of the open channel by hand, vertically placing the support rod (8) into the water bottom, switching on a power supply, and clicking the start on the liquid crystal display screen;
(2) the liquid level ultrasonic sensor (7) measures the water level, the stepping motor (2) drives the sliding block (5) to slide up and down according to the height of the water level, and the steering engine (4) drives the measuring rod (3) to rotate;
(3) the single chip microcomputer program operates to control the displacement distance of the sliding block (5) and the rotation angle of the steering engine (4), so that the ultrasonic probes (6) at the two ends of the measuring rod (3) are respectively positioned on the water surface and the water bottom to start measurement, the two ultrasonic probes (6) alternately transmit and receive ultrasonic waves in opposite directions, the liquid level ultrasonic sensor (7) converts an analog quantity signal output by the liquid level ultrasonic sensor into a digital signal identified by the single chip microcomputer through A/D (analog/digital), the acquired data are displayed through the liquid crystal display screen through the single chip microcomputer program operation, and are transmitted to a GPRS (general packet radio service) terminal through a communication interface to realize the online monitoring of an upper computer, and finally the program automatically calculates the channel section flow and;
the measuring rod (3) is placed in parallel along the flow velocity direction, the position of the measuring rod (3) in the vertical direction is automatically changed under the driving of the stepping motor (2) and the steering engine (4) according to the height of the water level, the steering engine (4) controls the measuring rod (3) to rotate for a certain angle, so that the two ultrasonic probes (6) are respectively positioned on the water surface and the water bottom, the measuring rod (3) forms a certain angle with the flow velocity direction at the moment, the flow velocity on the measuring line is measured by a time difference method, the flow velocity is corrected, and the average flow velocity of the section is obtained; or
Measuring stick (3) are a definite angle level with the velocity of flow direction and place, according to the water level, step motor (2) control measuring stick (3) are the linear movement of vertical direction, steering wheel (4) control measuring stick (3) are rotatory certain angle, make a probe be located the surface of water equally, another probe is located the bottom, measure the velocity of flow on this survey line, this velocity of flow contains the velocity of flow of level and two vertical directions simultaneously, seek the relation of this velocity of flow and section average velocity of flow from this, obtain the section average velocity of flow.
2. The open channel water level tracking portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid level ultrasonic sensor (7) firstly measures the water level height of the open channel, the liquid level ultrasonic sensor (7) sends out ultrasonic pulse signals by the probe, when the pulse signals meet the surface of a measured medium to be reflected, the same probe converts the reflected echoes into electric signals when receiving the reflected echoes, the interval time from the emission to the reception of the ultrasonic pulses is obtained, and the distance from the probe to the water surface is measuredhKnowing the distance of the probe to the water bottomh 1By height differenceh 1-hCalculating to obtain a water level, and obtaining a flow rate according to a time difference method;
the distance between the two transducers is L, when the ultrasonic water flow measuring device works, the transducer 1 transmits ultrasonic pulses to the transducer 2 along the water flow, and the propagation time of the ultrasonic pulses passing through the L along the water flow is measuredt 12The transducer 2 then transmits ultrasonic pulses to the transducer 1 in the reverse direction to measure the propagation time of the reverse water passing through the Lt 12：
Where L is the distance between the two transducers and C is the speed of propagation of the ultrasound in the stationary medium, since V < < C, the above equation is rewritten as:
therefore, the flow velocity is proportional to the time difference between forward and backward ultrasonic propagation, and the flow rate is obtained by the flow velocity area method Q = AV.
3. The open channel water level tracking portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic flow measuring device comprises a screw rod, a stepping motor, an ultrasonic probe, a guide rail, a liquid level ultrasonic sensor, a steering engine, a sliding block, a supporting rod, a measuring rod and a fixed base plate; wherein:
the supporting rod (8) is an aluminum profile, and the top end of the supporting rod is provided with a liquid level ultrasonic sensor (7) for measuring the water level height of the open channel; the guide rail (10) is internally provided with a double-axis linear guide rail mechanical aluminum profile, and the support rod (8) is fixedly connected with the guide rail (10) through a fixed backing plate (9); a sliding block (5) and a screw rod (1) are arranged on the built-in double-axis linear guide rail (10), and the sliding block (5) is connected with a steering engine (4); through step motor (2) that sets up on lead screw (1) drive slider (5) and steering wheel (4) and do and slide from top to bottom on lead screw (1), steering wheel (4) are connected with measuring stick (3) to the rotation angle of control measuring stick (3), ultrasonic probe (6) are installed at the both ends of measuring stick (3) and are made 360 degrees vertical plane rotation measurements.
4. The open channel water level tracking portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the measuring rod (3) is a thin rod made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or graphene.
5. The open channel water level tracking portable ultrasonic automatic flow measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rotating speed of the stepping motor (2) is 25rad/s or is self-regulated.
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| CN113567558A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-29 | 广州大学 | Soil moisture content ultrasonic measuring device and measuring method |
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