CN111139133A - Crude oil refining method of strong-flavor camellia oil - Google Patents
Crude oil refining method of strong-flavor camellia oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111139133A CN111139133A CN201911085828.0A CN201911085828A CN111139133A CN 111139133 A CN111139133 A CN 111139133A CN 201911085828 A CN201911085828 A CN 201911085828A CN 111139133 A CN111139133 A CN 111139133A
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009874 alkali refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 72
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108700019146 Transgenes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015091 medicinal tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
Abstract
The invention discloses a crude oil refining method of strong aromatic camellia oil, belonging to the technical field of edible oil processing, and the crude oil refining method comprises the following steps: s1, removing impurities: filtering the crude oil for 1-2 times by a filtering device at 60-75 deg.C, and collecting volatile gas generated during the filtering process; s2, degumming and alkali refining: degumming the filtered crude oil at 60-80 deg.C to obtain degummed crude oil; s3, dehydration: dehydrating the degummed crude oil at 80-90 ℃ to obtain dehydrated crude oil; s4, decoloring: decolorizing the dehydrated crude oil at 70-80 deg.C to obtain decolorized crude oil; s5, deodorization: deodorizing the decolorized crude oil at 200 ℃ under 180-; s5, dewaxing, solving the problem that the existing camellia oil is not thick enough in fragrance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible oil processing, in particular to a method for refining crude oil of strong-flavor camellia oil.
Background
The camellia oil is also called tea seed oil, tea oil and the like, and the high-quality health edible oil extracted from the camellia seeds is healthy natural green food, has the reputations of longevity oil, king in oil and the like, and is known as the best edible oil in the world by the master of the nutrition cooperation committee of the American health research institute. Compared with vegetable oil such as rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil and peanut oil, the camellia oil has more reasonable fatty acid composition and meets the physiological needs of human bodies. The camellia oil has the advantages of good oil quality, good functional characteristics, no transgene and the like.
The camellia oil preparation process mainly comprises the steps of rough refining and refining, wherein the refining of the camellia oil is a process of carrying out physical and chemical treatment on crude oil for improving the quality of the camellia oil. The camellia oil refining process generally comprises four steps of degumming, deacidification, decoloration and deodorization. By controlling the refining process conditions, corresponding high-grade edible oil, medicinal tea oil and cosmetic tea oil can be obtained.
Camellia oil is rich in aromatic hydrocarbon, which is high volatile matter, and has natural fragrance below 72 deg.C, and above 60 deg.C, the aromatic hydrocarbon can volatilize rapidly, and at about 180 deg.C, the camellia oil can also generate unpleasant carcinogen. The working temperature in the degumming, deacidification and decoloration processes is about 60-80 ℃, and part of aromatic hydrocarbon can be volatilized, so that the aroma of the camellia oil on the market is not thick enough, only the faint scent is mentioned, and the fried dish taste is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for refining crude oil of strong-flavor camellia oil, which solves the problem that the existing camellia oil is not strong enough in flavor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for refining crude oil of strong aromatic camellia oil comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: filtering the crude oil for 1-2 times by a filtering device at 60-75 deg.C, and collecting volatile gas generated during the filtering process;
s2, degumming and alkali refining: degumming the filtered crude oil at 60-80 deg.C to obtain degummed crude oil;
s3, dehydration: dehydrating the degummed crude oil at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ to obtain dehydrated crude oil;
s4, decoloring: decolorizing the dehydrated crude oil at 70-80 ℃ to obtain decolorized crude oil;
s5, deodorization: deodorizing the decolored crude oil at the temperature of 180-;
s5, dewaxing: and (3) conveying the deodorized crude oil into a heat exchanger for heat exchange, introducing the volatile gas collected in the step S1, cooling to 4-5 ℃ by using ice brine, entering a crystallizing tank, standing for 24-36h, filtering the frozen and crystallized camellia oil by using a filter, and removing wax and ester in the oil to obtain the finished camellia oil.
According to the technical scheme, before degumming and alkali refining, an impurity removal process is arranged, so that on one hand, impurities in the crude oil are conveniently filtered and removed, on the other hand, volatilization conditions for aromatic hydrocarbon production are adopted, the aromatic hydrocarbon in the crude oil is volatilized, the volatilized aromatic hydrocarbon is collected, after the crude oil is subjected to degumming, alkali refining, dehydration, decoloration and deodorization, the collected aromatic hydrocarbon is pumped back into the crude oil, and freezing and crystallization are carried out, so that the strong-flavor camellia oil is obtained. Aromatic hydrocarbon in the camellia oil can be well retained, so that the camellia oil has sufficient fragrance, and the cooking taste is improved. Because the degumming alkali refining, the dehydration, the decoloration and the deodorization are carried out at the temperature of about 60 ℃, the collected aromatic hydrocarbon can be introduced into the crude oil after deodorization.
More preferably: in step S2, the non-impurity oil is introduced into a mixer, phosphoric acid is added, the mixture is mixed at a high speed and then enters an acidification reactor for acidification reaction, and then water or alkali is added to separate oil residue and soapstock.
More preferably: in step S4, heating the dehydrated crude oil to 70-80 deg.C by a heater, mixing with active carbon in a vacuum decolorizing tower, decolorizing, filtering the decolorized mixture of oil and active carbon with a vertical blade filter, fine filtering with a bag filter, and removing residual active carbon to obtain decolorized crude oil.
More preferably: the filtering device comprises a tank body, a jacket, a filter screen and a cover plate;
the jacket is coated on the periphery of the tank body, and is provided with a heat medium inlet for introducing a heat medium and a heat medium outlet for discharging the heat medium outwards;
the top of the tank body is open, the cover plate is covered on the top of the tank body to seal the tank body, an oil inlet and an air outlet are formed in the cover plate, and an oil outlet is formed in the bottom of the tank body;
the filter screen is located in the tank body.
More preferably: the filtering device also comprises a grating plate which is fixed on the circumferential inner wall of the tank body so as to divide the tank body into an upper layer and a lower layer;
the filter screen is laid on the upper surface of the grating plate.
More preferably: the grating plate upper surface is followed jar body circumferencial direction has seted up the round recess, the filter screen bottom be provided with the round with the sand grip of recess looks adaptation, the sand grip is inserted and is established in the recess.
More preferably: the inner wall of the tank body is provided with a chute, the chute is vertically arranged, the upper end of the chute penetrates through the top of the tank body, and the lower end of the chute is positioned in the middle of the tank body;
the filter screen is provided with the extension on the edge all around, the extension is inserted and is established in the spout.
More preferably: the grating plate with the filter screen is the arc form and by middle part around, highly improving gradually.
More preferably: the cover plate is connected with the tank body through bolts, a handle is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen, the handle is in an inverted U shape, the lower end of the handle is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen, and the upper end of the handle is close to the top surface of the tank body;
the handle is provided with two at least, two the handle is located respectively the relative both sides of filter screen just all set up the edge all around of filter screen.
More preferably: the heat medium is water with the temperature of 65-85 ℃.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: before degumming and alkali refining, the invention is provided with an impurity removal process, which is convenient for filtering and removing impurities in the crude oil on one hand, and on the other hand, is a volatilization condition for aromatic hydrocarbon production, so that the aromatic hydrocarbon in the crude oil is volatilized, the volatilized aromatic hydrocarbon is collected, and after the crude oil is subjected to degumming and alkali refining, dehydration, decoloration and deodorization, the collected aromatic hydrocarbon is pumped back into the crude oil for freezing and crystallization, so that the strong-flavor camellia oil is obtained. Aromatic hydrocarbon in the camellia oil can be well retained, so that the camellia oil has sufficient fragrance, and the cooking taste is improved.
The grating plate mainly plays a role in supporting and positioning, and is supported on the lower surface of the filter screen, so that the filter screen can be effectively prevented from moving and deforming, and the service life of the filter screen is prolonged. The filter screen adopts and to dismantle the setting, and the later stage of being convenient for is washd and is changed, when the filter screen need take out, only need open the apron, upwards take out the filter screen can, be convenient for clear up the impurity on the filter screen. The filter screen adopts the design of undercut structure, and the crude oil of not only being convenient for passes through the filter screen fast, makes impurity pile up at the filter screen middle part simultaneously, when preventing that the filter screen from upwards taking out, impurity on the filter screen drops to filter screen edge all around, uses safe and reliable. When the new filter screen is installed, the filter screen extension part is only required to be aligned with the sliding groove in the inner wall of the tank body and is put in downwards, the raised lines are inserted into the grooves, positioning can be achieved, the filter screen is supported on the grid plate at the moment, and operation is very convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view in example 1, which is mainly used for embodying the internal structure of a filtration apparatus;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure A in FIG. 1, which is mainly used for embodying the installation structure of the grating plate and the filter screen;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view in example 1, which is mainly used for embodying the structure of the filter screen;
fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view in example 1, which is mainly used for embodying the structure of the handle.
In the figure, 1, a tank body; 2. a jacket; 3. a cover plate; 4. a thermal medium inlet; 5. a thermal medium outlet; 6. an oil outlet; 7. an oil inlet; 8. an air outlet; 9. a chute; 10. a grid plate; 11. filtering with a screen; 12. a handle; 13. a convex strip; 14. a groove; 15. an extension portion.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: a method for refining crude oil of strong aromatic camellia oil comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: and filtering the crude oil obtained after squeezing for 2 times by using a filtering device to obtain the non-impurity crude oil, specifically, controlling the filtering temperature to be about 72 ℃, and volatilizing a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon in the crude oil in the filtering process, so that the volatile gas, namely the aromatic hydrocarbon, generated in the filtering process needs to be collected simultaneously in the impurity removing process.
S2, degumming and alkali refining: degumming the filtered crude oil without impurities at 70 ℃ to obtain degummed crude oil. Specifically, the temperature of the non-impurity oil from the filtering device is kept at about 72 ℃, so that the non-impurity oil is not required to be preheated and is directly introduced into a mixer, the temperature of the mixer is set at about 70 ℃, phosphoric acid is added, the mixture is subjected to high-speed mixing for 20 minutes and then enters an acidification reactor for acidification reaction, non-hydrated phospholipid is converted into hydrated phospholipid, and then water or alkali is added, the mixture is subjected to time delay and then is subjected to high-speed mixing, and the mixture enters a centrifuge for oil residue and soapstock separation. The separated heavy phase is pumped out of the workshop through a soapstock pump to a soapstock storage tank, and the oil residue enters a washing centrifuge to be mixed with hot water to wash residual soap in the oil, so as to obtain the degummed crude oil.
S3, dehydration: dehydrating the degummed crude oil at 82 ℃ to obtain dehydrated crude oil. Specifically, the oil after the soaping water is removed, namely the degummed crude oil, is dried by a high-efficiency vacuum drying tower to obtain dehydrated crude oil, and the soap-containing wastewater is discharged out of a workshop after grease is recovered in a multi-stage dirty oil catcher.
S4, decoloring: and (3) decoloring the dehydrated crude oil at 75 ℃ to obtain decolored crude oil. Specifically, the dehydrated crude oil is heated by a heater to 75 ℃, then is fully mixed with activated carbon metered by an activated carbon quantitative machine in a vacuum decoloring tower for decoloring, the mixture of the decolored oil and the activated carbon is input into a vertical blade filter for filtering, and then is subjected to fine filtering by a bag filter to remove residual activated carbon in the oil, so as to obtain the decolored crude oil.
S5, deodorization: deodorizing the decolorized crude oil at 183 deg.C to obtain deodorized crude oil. Specifically, the crude decolorized oil is heated to about 145 ℃, then enters an air separator to remove air in the oil, then 0.01-0.02% of citric acid is added into the crude decolorized oil, then the crude decolorized oil is heated to the deodorization temperature of 190 ℃ and then enters a deodorization tower to be deodorized, the vacuum degree is maintained at 250Pa, the crude decolorized oil is kept for 3 hours, and then the crude decolorized oil is cooled to 50 ℃ to obtain the crude deodorized oil.
S5, dewaxing: and (4) conveying the deodorized crude oil into a heat exchanger, carrying out heat exchange with the dewaxed oil with a lower temperature, introducing the volatile gas collected in the step S1, cooling to 4.5 ℃ by using brine ice, then entering a crystallizing tank, and standing for 28 h. And then filtering the frozen and crystallized camellia oil by a filter to remove wax and ester in the oil to obtain the finished camellia oil.
In the technical scheme, before degumming and alkali refining, an impurity removal process is arranged, so that on one hand, impurities in the crude oil are conveniently filtered and removed, on the other hand, volatilization conditions for aromatic hydrocarbon production are adopted, the aromatic hydrocarbon in the crude oil is volatilized, the volatilized aromatic hydrocarbon is collected, after the crude oil is subjected to degumming, alkali refining, dehydration, decoloration and deodorization, the collected aromatic hydrocarbon is pumped back into the crude oil, and freezing and crystallization are carried out, so that the strong-flavor camellia oil is obtained. Aromatic hydrocarbon in the camellia oil can be well retained, so that the camellia oil has sufficient fragrance, and the cooking taste is improved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the filtering apparatus includes a tank 1, a jacket 2, a grating plate 10, a filter screen 11, and a cover plate 3. The jacket 2 is coated on the circumferential surface of the periphery of the tank body 1, the tank body 1 is cylindrical, and the bottom of the tank body 1 is arranged in a funnel shape. The jacket 2 is provided with a heat medium inlet 4 for introducing a heat medium and a heat medium outlet 5 for discharging the heat medium to the outside. The heat medium is 65-85 deg.C water, and considering the heat loss, the water temperature is 2-5 deg.C higher than the required temperature of the filtering device in step S1.
In the technical scheme, the aromatic hydrocarbon has better volatility at the temperature of 65-85 ℃, and the arrangement of the jacket 2 provides favorable conditions for the volatilization of the aromatic hydrocarbon, so that the aromatic hydrocarbon can be volatilized quickly, more aromatic hydrocarbon can be collected quickly and conveniently as much as possible, and the fragrance retaining effect is better.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the top of the tank body 1 is open, the cover plate 3 is covered on the top of the tank body 1 to seal the tank body 1, and in order to facilitate the detachment of the cover plate 3, the cover plate 3 is specifically connected with the tank body 1 through bolts. An oil inlet 7 and an air outlet 8 are arranged on the cover plate 3, the oil inlet 7 is arranged in the center of the cover plate 3, the air outlet 8 is arranged on one side of the oil inlet 7, and volatilized aromatic hydrocarbon is discharged outwards through the air outlet 8. An oil outlet 6 is arranged at the bottom of the tank body 1, and the oil outlet 6 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the tank body 1. The oil outlet 6 is connected with an oil outlet pipe (not shown in the figure), and the oil outlet pipe is provided with a control valve for controlling the discharge of crude oil.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a screen 11 and a grid plate 10 are located within the tank 1. The grating plate 10 is fixed on the inner circumferential wall of the tank body 1 to divide the tank body 1 into an upper layer and a lower layer, and the filter screen 11 is laid on the upper surface of the grating plate 10. The grating plate 10 and the filter screen 11 are both arc-shaped and are gradually raised from the middle part to the periphery, and the lower surface of the filter screen 11 is completely attached to the upper surface of the grating plate 10. The circumferential edges of the grating plate 10 and the filter screen 11 are all provided with horizontal parts, and the circumferential surface of the grating plate 10 is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body 1. A circle of annular grooves 14 are formed in the upper surface of the horizontal part of the grating plate 10 along the circumferential direction of the tank body 1, a circle of raised strips 13 matched with the grooves 14 are arranged at the bottom of the horizontal part of the filter screen 11, and the raised strips 13 are inserted into the grooves 14. The spout 9 has been seted up to 1 inner wall of the jar body, and the spout 9 runs through jar body 1 top for vertical setting and upper end, and the lower extreme is located jar body 1 middle part. The spout 9 is provided with two, and two spouts 9 are located the relative both sides of jar body 1 respectively. The periphery of the filter screen 11 is provided with two extending parts 15, the extending parts 15 are inserted in the sliding grooves 9, and the two extending parts 15 are in one-to-one correspondence with the two sliding grooves 9.
In the above technical scheme, the grating plate 10 mainly plays a role in supporting and positioning, and is supported on the lower surface of the filter screen 11, so that the filter screen 11 can be effectively prevented from moving and deforming, and the service life of the filter screen 11 is prolonged. Filter screen 11 adopts and to dismantle the setting, and the later stage of being convenient for is washd and is changed, when filter screen 11 needs take out, only need open apron 3, with filter screen 11 upwards take out can, be convenient for clear up the impurity on the filter screen 11. Filter screen 11 adopts the design of undercut structure, not only is convenient for crude oil to pass through filter screen 11 fast, makes impurity pile up at filter screen 11 middle part simultaneously, when preventing that filter screen 11 from upwards taking out, and impurity on the filter screen 11 drops to filter screen 11 all around edge, uses safe and reliable. When the new filter screen 11 is installed, the filter screen 11 extending part 15 is only required to be aligned to the sliding groove 9 on the inner wall of the tank body 1 and put in downwards, the raised line 13 is inserted into the groove 14, the positioning is realized, the filter screen 11 is supported on the grid plate 10 at the moment, and the operation is very convenient.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a handle 12 is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen 11, the handle 12 is in an inverted U shape, the lower end of the handle is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen 11, and the upper end of the handle is close to the top surface of the tank body 1. At least two handles 12 are arranged, and the two handles 12 are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the filter screen 11 and are arranged at the peripheral edge of the filter screen 11. Specifically, in the present embodiment, two handles 12 are provided.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, handle 12's setting, the filter screen 11 of mainly being convenient for takes out, and filter screen 11 uses after a period, can pile up more fixed impurity on the filter screen 11, consequently need take out filter screen 11 and carry out the impurity clearance, and when filter screen 11 took out, the accessible was manual or with the help of other auxiliary assembly, like hoisting accessory, outwards takes out filter screen 11.
Example 2: a method for refining crude oil of strong aromatic camellia oil is different from that in example 1 in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: filtering the squeezed crude oil for 1 time by a filtering device to obtain the non-impurity crude oil, specifically, controlling the filtering temperature to be about 60 ℃, and volatilizing a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the crude oil in the filtering process, so that the volatile gas, namely the aromatic hydrocarbons, generated in the filtering process needs to be collected simultaneously in the impurity removing process.
S2, degumming and alkali refining: degumming the filtered crude oil without impurities at 60 ℃ to obtain degummed crude oil. Specifically, the temperature of the non-impurity oil from the filtering device is kept at about 60 ℃, so that the non-impurity oil does not need to be preheated, the non-impurity oil is introduced into a mixer, the temperature of the mixer is set at about 60 ℃, phosphoric acid is added, the non-impurity oil and the phosphoric acid are mixed at a high speed for 20 minutes, then the mixture enters an acidification reactor for acidification reaction, the non-hydration phospholipid is converted into hydration phospholipid, and then water or alkali is added, the time is delayed, and the mixture enters a centrifuge for oil residue and soapstock separation. The separated heavy phase is pumped out of the workshop through a soapstock pump to a soapstock storage tank, and the oil residue enters a washing centrifuge to be mixed with hot water to wash residual soap in the oil, so as to obtain the degummed crude oil.
S3, dehydration: dehydrating the degummed crude oil at 80 ℃ to obtain dehydrated crude oil. Specifically, the oil after the soaping water is removed, namely the degummed crude oil, is dried by a high-efficiency vacuum drying tower to obtain dehydrated crude oil, and the soap-containing wastewater is discharged out of a workshop after grease is recovered in a multi-stage dirty oil catcher.
S4, decoloring: and (3) carrying out decoloration treatment on the dehydrated crude oil at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain decolored crude oil. Specifically, the dehydrated crude oil is heated by a heater to 70 ℃, then is fully mixed and decolorized with activated carbon metered by an activated carbon quantitative machine in a vacuum decolorization tower, the decolorized oil and activated carbon mixture is input into a vertical blade filter for filtration, and then is subjected to fine filtration by a bag filter to remove residual activated carbon in the oil, so as to obtain the decolorized crude oil.
S5, deodorization: deodorizing the decolorized crude oil at 180 deg.C to obtain deodorized crude oil. Specifically, the crude decolorized oil is heated to about 140 ℃, then enters an air separator to remove air in the oil, then 0.01-0.02% of citric acid is added into the crude decolorized oil, then the crude decolorized oil is heated to a deodorization temperature of 180 ℃ and then enters a deodorization tower to be deodorized, the vacuum degree is maintained at 250Pa, the crude decolorized oil is kept for 3 hours, and then the crude decolorized oil is cooled to 50 ℃ to obtain the crude deodorized oil.
S5, dewaxing: and (4) conveying the deodorized crude oil into a heat exchanger, carrying out heat exchange with the dewaxed oil with a lower temperature, introducing the volatile gas collected in the step S1, cooling to 4.5 ℃ by using brine ice, then entering a crystallizing tank, and standing for 24 hours. And then filtering the frozen and crystallized camellia oil by a filter to remove wax and ester in the oil to obtain the finished camellia oil.
Example 3: a method for refining crude oil of strong aromatic camellia oil is different from that in example 1 in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: and filtering the crude oil obtained after squeezing for 2 times by using a filtering device to obtain the non-impurity crude oil, specifically, controlling the filtering temperature to be about 75 ℃, and volatilizing a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon in the crude oil in the filtering process, so that the volatile gas, namely the aromatic hydrocarbon, generated in the filtering process needs to be collected simultaneously in the impurity removing process.
S2, degumming and alkali refining: degumming the filtered crude oil without impurities at 80 ℃ to obtain degummed crude oil. Specifically, the temperature of the non-impurity oil from the filtering device is kept at about 80 ℃, so that the non-impurity oil does not need to be preheated, the non-impurity oil is introduced into a mixer, the temperature of the mixer is set at about 80 ℃, phosphoric acid is added, the non-impurity oil and the phosphoric acid are mixed at a high speed for 20 minutes, then the mixture enters an acidification reactor for acidification reaction, the non-hydration phospholipid is converted into hydration phospholipid, and then water or alkali is added, the time is delayed, and the mixture enters a centrifuge for oil residue and soapstock separation. The separated heavy phase is pumped out of the workshop through a soapstock pump to a soapstock storage tank, and the oil residue enters a washing centrifuge to be mixed with hot water to wash residual soap in the oil, so as to obtain the degummed crude oil.
S3, dehydration: dehydrating the degummed crude oil at 90 ℃ to obtain dehydrated crude oil. Specifically, the oil after the soaping water is removed, namely the degummed crude oil, is dried by a high-efficiency vacuum drying tower to obtain dehydrated crude oil, and the soap-containing wastewater is discharged out of a workshop after grease is recovered in a multi-stage dirty oil catcher.
S4, decoloring: and (3) carrying out decolorization treatment on the dehydrated crude oil at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain decolorized crude oil. Specifically, the dehydrated crude oil is heated by a heater to 80 ℃, then is fully mixed and decolorized with activated carbon metered by an activated carbon quantitative machine in a vacuum decolorization tower, the decolorized oil and activated carbon mixture is input into a vertical blade filter for filtration, and then is subjected to fine filtration by a bag filter to remove residual activated carbon in the oil, so as to obtain the decolorized crude oil.
S5, deodorization: deodorizing the decolorized crude oil at 200 deg.C to obtain deodorized crude oil. Specifically, heating the decolored crude oil to about 150 ℃, then, feeding the heated decolored crude oil into a gas separator to remove air in the oil, then, adding 0.01-0.02% of citric acid into the decolored crude oil, then, heating the decolored crude oil to a deodorization temperature of 180 ℃, then, feeding the heated decolored crude oil into a deodorization tower to be deodorized, maintaining the vacuum degree at 250Pa, keeping the vacuum degree for 3 hours, and then, cooling the heated decolored crude oil to 50 ℃ to obtain the deodorized crude oil.
S5, dewaxing: and (4) conveying the deodorized crude oil into a heat exchanger, carrying out heat exchange with the dewaxed oil with a lower temperature, introducing the volatile gas collected in the step S1, cooling to 4.5 ℃ by using brine ice, then entering a crystallizing tank, and standing for 36 hours. And then filtering the frozen and crystallized camellia oil by a filter to remove wax and ester in the oil to obtain the finished camellia oil.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art, and such improvements and modifications should also be construed as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for refining crude oil of strong aromatic camellia oil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: filtering the crude oil for 1-2 times by a filtering device at 60-75 deg.C, and collecting volatile gas generated during the filtering process;
s2, degumming and alkali refining: degumming the filtered crude oil at 60-80 deg.C to obtain degummed crude oil;
s3, dehydration: dehydrating the degummed crude oil at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ to obtain dehydrated crude oil;
s4, decoloring: decolorizing the dehydrated crude oil at 70-80 ℃ to obtain decolorized crude oil;
s5, deodorization: deodorizing the decolored crude oil at the temperature of 180-;
s5, dewaxing: and (3) conveying the deodorized crude oil into a heat exchanger for heat exchange, introducing the volatile gas collected in the step S1, cooling to 4-5 ℃ by using ice brine, entering a crystallizing tank, standing for 24-36h, filtering the frozen and crystallized camellia oil by using a filter, and removing wax and ester in the oil to obtain the finished camellia oil.
2. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the non-impurity oil is introduced into a mixer, phosphoric acid is added, the mixture is mixed at a high speed and then enters an acidification reactor for acidification reaction, and then water or alkali is added to separate oil residue and soapstock.
3. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, heating the dehydrated crude oil to 70-80 deg.C by a heater, mixing with active carbon in a vacuum decolorizing tower, decolorizing, filtering the decolorized mixture of oil and active carbon with a vertical blade filter, fine filtering with a bag filter, and removing residual active carbon to obtain decolorized crude oil.
4. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the filtering device comprises a tank body (1), a jacket (2), a filter screen (11) and a cover plate (3);
the jacket (2) is covered on the periphery of the tank body (1), and a heat medium inlet (4) for introducing a heat medium and a heat medium outlet (5) for discharging the heat medium are arranged on the jacket (2);
the top of the tank body (1) is open, the cover plate is covered on the top of the tank body (1) to seal the tank body (1), the cover plate (3) is provided with an oil inlet (7) and an air outlet (8), and the bottom of the tank body (1) is provided with an oil outlet (6);
the filter screen (11) is positioned in the tank body (1).
5. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the filtering device also comprises a grating plate (10), and the grating plate (10) is fixed on the circumferential inner wall of the tank body (1) so as to divide the tank body (1) into an upper layer and a lower layer;
the filter screen (11) is paved on the upper surface of the grating plate (10).
6. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the grating plate (10) upper surface is followed jar body (1) circumferencial direction has seted up round recess (14), filter screen (11) bottom be provided with the round with sand grip (13) of recess (14) looks adaptation, sand grip (13) are inserted and are established in recess (14).
7. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the inner wall of the tank body (1) is provided with a chute (9), the chute (9) is vertically arranged, the upper end of the chute penetrates through the top of the tank body (1), and the lower end of the chute is positioned in the middle of the tank body (1);
the filter screen (11) is provided with extension (15) around the edge, extension (15) insert establish in spout (9).
8. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the grating plate (10) and the filter screen (11) are both arc-shaped and are gradually increased in height from the middle to the periphery.
9. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the cover plate (3) is connected with the tank body (1) through bolts, a handle (12) is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen (11), the handle (12) is in an inverted U shape, the lower end of the handle is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen (11), and the upper end of the handle is close to the top surface of the tank body (1);
handle (12) are provided with two at least, two handle (12) are located respectively the relative both sides of filter screen (11) and all set up the edge all around of filter screen (11).
10. The method for refining the crude oil of the highly flavored camellia oil as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the heat medium is water with the temperature of 65-85 ℃.
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