CN111129769A - Decoupling method of antenna array and antenna array with novel decoupling structure - Google Patents

Decoupling method of antenna array and antenna array with novel decoupling structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111129769A
CN111129769A CN202010029954.0A CN202010029954A CN111129769A CN 111129769 A CN111129769 A CN 111129769A CN 202010029954 A CN202010029954 A CN 202010029954A CN 111129769 A CN111129769 A CN 111129769A
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super
surface coating
antenna
antenna array
coating layer
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赵鲁豫
刘锋
宋波
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Xi'an Longpuda Communication Technology Co Ltd
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Xi'an Longpuda Communication Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0026Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems

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Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna array with a novel decoupling structure, wherein a super-surface coating layer is arranged above the antenna array, is supported by a dielectric support column and covers the antenna array, and comprises a dielectric substrate and a unit structure arranged on the dielectric substrate, wherein the unit structure is used for adjusting dielectric constant, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the super-surface coating layer is 15-45. The dielectric constant of the super-surface coating layer is adjusted by adjusting the size and the spacing of the unit structures of the super-surface coating layer, and the coupling between the antenna units is eliminated by adjusting the size and the spacing of the unit structures of the super-surface coating layer and the height of the super-surface coating layer and the array antenna. The coupling between each unit of the antenna array can be effectively reduced to be below 20 or 25 decibels, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna unit is improved by more than 10%.

Description

Decoupling method of antenna array and antenna array with novel decoupling structure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a decoupling method of an antenna array and an antenna array with a novel decoupling structure, which are particularly suitable for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, improve the coupling performance among antenna units in the antenna array and improve the isolation among the units.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile communication systems, radio frequency spectrum resources are increasingly in short supply, and how to provide higher-quality and faster communication services becomes a research hotspot in fifth-generation mobile communication systems (5G). In this context, a long-standing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication technology has been proposed as a key technology in 5G systems.
A Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique refers to using a plurality of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas at a transmitting end and a receiving end simultaneously, so that signals are transmitted and received through the plurality of antennas of the transmitting end and the receiving end. Therefore, the mimo technology can realize high-speed and large-capacity data transmission without additionally increasing communication frequency band and transmission power, and significantly improve system data throughput and channel capacity. In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, antennas play a crucial role because their characteristics are inherently included in the communication channel between the transmitter and the receiver.
The technology is based on antenna arrays, with increasing demand for channel capacity, massive MIMO technology will become the core of 5G systems, and compact dense arrays will facilitate this process. However, in either a 5G base station or a mobile terminal, due to space constraints, as the number of antennas increases, the spacing between the antenna elements is relatively small, resulting in strong mutual coupling between the elements. The greater the number of antenna elements in a particular space, the stronger the coupling between the elements, which results in:
(1) an increase in spatial correlation;
(2) a decrease in radiation efficiency;
(3) a decrease in cell gain;
(4) degradation of signal-to-noise ratio;
(5) a reduction in channel capacity.
In summary, in a limited space, how to effectively reduce the coupling between antenna units in the MIMO system, improve the isolation between the units, and ensure the radiation performance of the original antenna has become a hot point of research in the industry.
Existing methods for decoupling antenna arrays generally use decoupling networks to reduce the effect of coupling on the array antennas. The patent with publication number CN 110416726 a discloses a multi-frequency decoupling network structure and a multi-frequency array antenna, wherein the multi-frequency decoupling network structure includes at least two decoupling network layers, each decoupling network layer is used for eliminating electromagnetic coupling between antenna elements of a corresponding one of a plurality of working frequency bands of the multi-frequency array antenna; the at least two decoupling network layers are stacked in a stacking mode, a plurality of antenna array elements are arranged on one side of the multi-frequency array antenna grounding plate, and the multi-frequency decoupling network structure is arranged on the other side of the multi-frequency array antenna grounding plate. The electromagnetic coupling between the antenna array elements of each working frequency band is effectively eliminated. However, the provision of decoupling components in the antenna increases the complexity of the antenna design on the one hand and the overall size of the antenna on the other hand.
The super surface is a two-dimensional array plane composed of artificial layered materials with the thickness smaller than the wavelength, and is composed of metamaterial structural units formed by periodically or non-periodically arranging units with specific geometric shapes. The super surface can realize flexible and effective regulation and control of characteristics such as electromagnetic wave polarization, amplitude, phase, polarization mode, propagation mode and the like. For example, patent publication No. CN 106099342A discloses a metamaterial cladding dual-frequency phased array antenna, which includes a cladding structure and an antenna array, wherein the cladding structure is composed of M × N rectangular mushroom-type claddings arranged periodically, the antenna array is composed of slot-coupled antennas arranged periodically, the number of the slot-coupled antennas is the same as that of the rectangular mushroom-type claddings, and each slot-coupled antenna is located vertically below each rectangular mushroom-type cladding. The problem of traditional phased array antenna can't realize higher gain and can't realize the wide-angle scanning simultaneously in two frequency channels is solved, the antenna can realize that multifrequency section work, low frequency are to high frequency scanning compensation for scanning angle promotes greatly, does not have the scanning blind area in the arrangement direction almost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a decoupling method of an antenna array and an antenna array with a novel decoupling structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of decoupling an antenna array, comprising:
s01: a super-surface coating is arranged above the antenna array and covers the antenna array;
s02: by adjusting the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating, the coupling between the antenna elements is eliminated.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S02, the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating layer is adjusted by adjusting the size and the spacing of the unit structures of the super-surface coating layer.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S02, when the coupling between the antenna elements is eliminated, the heights of the super-surface coating and the array antenna are also adjusted.
In a preferred technical solution, the super-surface coating includes a dielectric substrate and a unit structure disposed on the dielectric substrate, and the unit structure is periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate.
In a preferred technical scheme, the super-surface coating layer is of a multilayer structure, the multilayer structure comprises at least one upper-layer super-surface coating layer covered on a lower-layer super-surface coating layer, and the upper-layer super-surface comprises a second medium substrate and a second unit structure arranged on the second medium substrate; the upper super-surface coating is supported by the medium supporting columns and covers the lower super-surface coating.
In a preferred embodiment, when the coupling between the antenna elements is eliminated in step S02, the size and the pitch of the element structure of each super-surface coating layer, the heights of the bottom coating layer and the array antenna, and the height between each super-surface coating layer are adjusted.
The invention also discloses an antenna array with the novel decoupling structure, wherein a super-surface coating layer is arranged above the antenna array, the super-surface coating layer is supported by the dielectric support columns and covers the antenna array, the super-surface coating layer comprises a dielectric substrate and a unit structure arranged on the dielectric substrate, the unit structure is used for adjusting the dielectric constant, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the super-surface coating layer is 15-45.
In a preferred embodiment, the super-surface coating is used to eliminate coupling between the antenna elements.
In a preferred embodiment, the cell structures are periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate.
In a preferred technical scheme, at least one upper-layer super-surface coating is covered on the lower-layer super-surface coating, and the upper-layer super-surface comprises a second medium substrate and a second unit structure arranged on the second medium substrate; the upper super-surface coating is supported by the medium supporting columns and covers the lower super-surface coating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the super-surface coating is arranged above the antenna array, and the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating is adjusted, so that the decoupling design among the antenna units can be realized, the coupling performance among the antenna units in the antenna array is improved, the isolation among the units is improved, and the antenna array is especially suitable for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. The method adopting the super-surface coating decoupling is theoretically suitable for antenna arrays with any frequency band formed by any linearly polarized, dual-polarized and circularly polarized antenna units.
And when the coupling between the antenna units in the antenna array is eliminated, the gain and the radiation efficiency of the antenna array can be improved. The coupling between each unit of the antenna array can be effectively reduced to be below 20 or 25 decibels, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna unit is improved by more than 10%.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two linearly polarized antenna units loaded with a super-surface coating layer according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of three linearly polarized antenna units loaded with a super-surface coating layer according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two dual-linear polarization antenna units loaded with a super-surface coating according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array formed by two circularly polarized antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array formed by four antenna elements loaded with two super-surface coatings according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements without loading a super surface coating according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements without loading a super surface cladding layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of an antenna array consisting of two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing typical scattering parameters of an antenna array consisting of two antenna elements without loading a super-surface cladding layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing typical scattering parameters of an antenna array comprising two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing scattering parameters of an antenna array comprising two antenna elements without a super-surface cladding layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing scattering parameters of an antenna array comprising two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a gain diagram of an antenna array consisting of two antenna elements loaded and unloaded with a super-surface cladding in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Examples
The utility model provides an antenna array with novel decoupling structure, is provided with super surface coating above the antenna array, and super surface coating passes through the support of medium support column to be supported, covers in the antenna array top, and super surface coating includes the dielectric substrate and sets up in the unit architecture of dielectric substrate, and the unit architecture is used for adjusting the dielectric constant, and super surface coating's equivalent dielectric constant is 15-45, all can play the effect of eliminating the coupling between the antenna element in this scope.
The existence of the super-surface coating with high dielectric constant can introduce a new coupling path, and waves transmitted on the new coupling path and original coupling waves between the antenna units can be mutually offset under proper amplitude and phase by adjusting the dielectric constant and the size of the super-surface coating, so that the aim of reducing coupling is fulfilled. Mutual cancellation requires two conditions to be satisfied:
(1) the amplitude of the coupled wave is equal to that of the reflected wave;
(2) the phase difference between the coupled wave and the reflected wave is 180 degrees.
The cell structures may be periodically or non-periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate, and are typically periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate. The unit structure can adopt different forms to adapt to the requirements of an actual antenna system, and can adopt a split resonant ring, a metal short wire and the like. The dielectric substrate can adopt dielectric substrates with different thicknesses and different dielectric constants according to the requirements of actual conditions.
The super-surface cladding layer can adopt a multi-layer structure to adapt to different antenna array structures. The multilayer structure comprises at least one upper-layer super-surface coating covered on the lower-layer super-surface coating, and the upper-layer super-surface comprises a second medium substrate and a second unit structure arranged on the second medium substrate; the upper super-surface coating is supported by the medium supporting columns and covers the lower super-surface coating.
A method of decoupling an antenna array, comprising:
s01: a super-surface coating is arranged above the antenna array;
s02: the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating layer is adjusted by adjusting the size and the spacing of the unit structure of the super-surface coating layer, and the coupling between the antenna units is eliminated.
The height of the super-surface cladding and the array antenna is also adjusted when the coupling between the antenna elements is eliminated.
When the super-surface coating adopts a multilayer structure, the size and the spacing of the unit structure of each super-surface coating, the height of the bottom coating and the array antenna and the height between each super-surface coating are adjusted in the process of eliminating the coupling among the antenna units.
When the coupling between each antenna unit in the antenna array is eliminated, the gain and the radiation efficiency of the antenna array can be improved.
Fig. 1 shows a linear MIMO antenna system comprising two linearly polarized antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating. 101 are two linear polarization antenna units which are very close to each other, a super-surface coating layer which is composed of a dielectric substrate 102 and a unit structure 103 is loaded above the two antennas, and the size and the distance of the unit structure of the super-surface coating layer and the height of the coating layer and the array antenna are adjusted, so that:
(1) the coupling coefficient between the units of the antenna system loaded with the super-surface coating is close to 0, and S21 is less than-20 dB;
(2) the gain of each antenna element of the antenna system loaded with the super-surface coating is improved compared with the gain of each antenna element of the antenna system not loaded with the super-surface coating.
The method for improving coupling performance provided by the invention is not limited to two linear arrays of linear polarized antenna units, but is also applicable to three linear arrays of linear polarized antenna units shown in fig. 2, two linear polarized antenna units shown in fig. 3, two linear arrays of circular polarized antenna units shown in fig. 4 and a four-unit antenna array shown in fig. 5. Wherein, a super-surface coating layer composed of a dielectric substrate 202 and a unit structure 203 is loaded in fig. 2, the unit structure 203 is a metal stub, 3 linear polarization antenna units 201 with close distances are arranged below the coating layer, a super-surface coating layer composed of a dielectric substrate 302 and a unit structure 303 is loaded in fig. 3, the unit structure 303 is a crossed metal stub, 2 two double linear polarization antenna units with close distances are arranged below the coating layer, a super-surface coating layer composed of a dielectric substrate 402 and a unit structure 403 is loaded in fig. 4, the unit structure 403 is an open-ended resonant ring, two circularly polarized antenna units with close distances are arranged below the coating layer, and two super-surface coating layers are loaded in fig. 5, including a bottom super-surface coating layer and an upper super-surface coating layer, the bottom super-surface coating layer is composed of a dielectric substrate 502 and a unit structure, the upper super-surface coating layer is composed of a dielectric substrate 503 and a unit structure 504, below the cladding is a four element antenna array 501.
An example of a two-element linearly polarized antenna array is shown in figure 6. In fig. 6, 601 is a microstrip dipole unit, and 602 is a dielectric substrate.
In fig. 7, 701 is a microstrip dipole element, and its dielectric substrate is 702. And loading the super-surface coating layer above the antenna, wherein 703 is a unit structure of the loaded super-surface coating layer, the unit structure 703 adopts a double-layer structure, a dielectric layer 704 is filled between an upper unit structure and a lower unit structure, and the super-surface coating layer is loaded above the antenna array through a dielectric support column 705.
To illustrate the working mechanism of the present invention, fig. 8 and 9 show the electric field distribution before and after loading the super surface coating, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, after loading the super-surface coating, more electric field is concentrated on the super-surface coating above the antenna, rather than being coupled to the antenna elements beside.
Fig. 10 shows typical scattering parameters of a linear MIMO antenna system comprising two antenna elements without super-surface cladding, and it can be seen that although the reflection coefficient S11 of the antenna is less than-15 dB in the desired frequency band, the coupling coefficient between the two elements is close to-10 dB in both desired frequency bands. After loading the super-surface cladding, the coupling coefficient between the two antennas is reduced to less than-25 dB in both desired frequency bands, as shown in fig. 11.
In the following, a two-wire polarized antenna array is used as a specific example, the two-wire polarized antenna array shown in fig. 6 and 7 operates at 14GHz, and when no super-surface coating is loaded, the scattering parameters are shown in fig. 12, and it can be seen that in the frequency band from 13.75GHz to 14.25GHz, the reflection coefficient S11 is less than-15 dB, and the coupling coefficient S21 is close to-10 dB. After loading the super-surface cladding layer composed of 703 and 704, the scattering parameters are shown in fig. 13, and it can be seen that after loading the super-surface cladding layer, the coupling coefficient S21 between the two units in the frequency band is reduced to less than-25 dB on the premise that the frequency band from 13.75GHz to 14.25GHz is still well matched.
In addition to the improvement in the scattering parameters, the gain of the antenna loaded with the super-surface cladding is also significantly improved, as shown in fig. 14, after the super-surface cladding is loaded, the gain of the antenna element is improved by nearly 2 dB.
The method for improving the coupling performance can be well applied to the MIMO communication system.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.

Claims (10)

1. A method of decoupling an antenna array, comprising:
s01: a super-surface coating is arranged above the antenna array and covers the antenna array;
s02: by adjusting the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating, the coupling between the antenna elements is eliminated.
2. A decoupling method for an antenna array as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step S02 the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating is adjusted by adjusting the size and spacing of the cell structures of the super-surface coating.
3. A method for decoupling an antenna array as in claim 1 wherein the step S02 is further performed by adjusting the height of the super-surface coating and the height of the array antenna while eliminating the coupling between the antenna elements.
4. A decoupling method for an antenna array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the super-surface cladding layer comprises a dielectric substrate and unit structures arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the unit structures are periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate.
5. A decoupling method for an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the super surface coating layer is of a multilayer structure, the multilayer structure comprises a lower super surface coating layer and at least one upper super surface coating layer, the upper super surface comprises a second dielectric substrate and a second unit structure arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the upper super-surface coating is supported by the medium supporting columns and covers the lower super-surface coating.
6. A method for decoupling an antenna array as in claim 5 wherein in step S02, the dimension and spacing of the unit cell structure of each super-surface coating, the height of the bottom coating and the array antenna, and the height of each super-surface coating are adjusted to eliminate the coupling between the antenna units.
7. The antenna array with the novel decoupling structure is characterized in that a super-surface coating layer is arranged above the antenna array, supported by a medium supporting column and covered above the antenna array, and comprises a medium substrate and a unit structure arranged on the medium substrate, wherein the unit structure is used for adjusting dielectric constant, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the super-surface coating layer is 15-45.
8. An antenna array with a novel decoupling structure as claimed in claim 7 wherein said super surface coating is used to eliminate coupling between antenna elements.
9. An antenna array with a novel decoupling structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein said unit structures are periodically arranged on a dielectric substrate.
10. The antenna array with the novel decoupling structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein at least one upper super-surface coating layer is covered on the lower super-surface coating layer, and the upper super-surface comprises a second dielectric substrate and a second unit structure arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the upper super-surface coating is supported by the medium supporting columns and covers the lower super-surface coating.
CN202010029954.0A 2020-01-13 2020-01-13 Decoupling method of antenna array and antenna array with novel decoupling structure Pending CN111129769A (en)

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PCT/CN2020/082461 WO2021142947A1 (en) 2020-01-13 2020-03-31 Decoupling method for antenna array and antenna array having novel decoupling structure

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CN111555029A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-08-18 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 Method for improving antenna array coupling performance by adopting flexible super-surface film
CN111600127A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-28 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 Novel array antenna system
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CN111740221A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-10-02 中天通信技术有限公司 Multiport base station antenna with decoupling device
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CN113471699A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-01 湖南大学 Decoupling method and device based on coupling mode conversion
CN113517559A (en) * 2021-03-25 2021-10-19 西安电子科技大学 High-isolation dual-frequency dual-polarization millimeter wave array antenna
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CN111555028A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-08-18 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 Method for improving antenna array coupling performance by frequency-adjustable super-surface coating
CN111555029A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-08-18 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 Method for improving antenna array coupling performance by adopting flexible super-surface film
CN111600127A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-28 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 Novel array antenna system
CN111600129A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-28 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 Novel multi-antenna system
CN111740221A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-10-02 中天通信技术有限公司 Multiport base station antenna with decoupling device
CN112615143A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-04-06 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 Planar broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna unit and phased array antenna
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