CN111128429A - Drying device and drying method for radioactive concentrated solution in microwave bucket - Google Patents
Drying device and drying method for radioactive concentrated solution in microwave bucket Download PDFInfo
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- CN111128429A CN111128429A CN201911419570.3A CN201911419570A CN111128429A CN 111128429 A CN111128429 A CN 111128429A CN 201911419570 A CN201911419570 A CN 201911419570A CN 111128429 A CN111128429 A CN 111128429A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/08—Processing by evaporation; by distillation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drying device and a drying method in a radioactive concentrated solution microwave bucket, which belong to the field of radioactive waste treatment. The device can effectively increase the uniformity of microwave power distribution, reduce the generation of hot spots and improve the safety performance of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radioactive waste treatment, and relates to a drying device and a drying method for radioactive concentrated solution in a microwave bucket.
Background
Radioactive waste is a substance that contains or is contaminated with radionuclides, has a radioactive concentration or activity greater than the level of clean release specified by the state department of regulatory authorities, and is no longer utilized. Radioactive waste is typically generated from nuclear fuel production processes (including mainly uranium mining, smelting, and fuel element processing), reactor operations, nuclear fuel reprocessing processes, nuclear facilities decommissioned by nuclear division, nuclear weapons production and testing, and other departments that use radioactive materials, such as hospitals, schools, research institutions, factories, and the like. Ionizing radiation generated by radioactive substances has great influence on human health, and when the radioactive ionizing radiation reaches a certain dose, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, appetite reduction, sleep disorder, nervous system, digestive system and the like can appear, so that leucocytes, blood platelets and the like are reduced. If the overdose acts in vivo for a long time, long-term effects can be produced: tumors, leukemia, genetic disorders, and the like appear.
The existing radioactive waste liquid treatment method is to concentrate and separate waste liquid, clear liquid is directly discharged or recycled, and concentrated liquid is solidified or buried underground. The main treatment processes include evaporation, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, electrochemistry and the like, wherein the first three methods are commonly used. The concentrate produced in the radioactive waste liquid concentration and separation process must undergo an additional drying/solidification process, which is typically performed in a waste disposal bin, before it is subjected to final disposal.
The drying in the tub may be classified into hot air drying, electric heating drying, and microwave drying according to the heating method. The hot air drying and the electric heating drying belong to external heating type drying, hot air or an electric heating belt is adopted to heat the outer wall of a waste barrel during drying, and then concentrated solution in the barrel is evaporated and dried by utilizing heat conduction. The heating mode can lead to a larger temperature gradient between the barrel wall and the barrel center, and because the temperature at the barrel wall is the highest, the concentrated solution will be crystallized and form a solid salt layer at the barrel wall, thereby leading to the increase of heat transfer resistance and the reduction of heat conductivity coefficient. As a result, the concentrate in the center of the drum will not usually crystallize completely, requiring longer drying times and higher external heating temperatures. Compared with other drying modes, the microwave drying mode belongs to an internal heating mode, the heating mode is more uniform, the energy utilization rate is higher, the process control is quicker, the heating mode has no inertia, but because of the non-uniformity of microwave power distribution in the microwave heating process, certain positions of a heating material have high microwave power values all the time, the temperature of the positions is increased rapidly, hot spots are generated, and the danger of the microwave drying is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a drying device in a radioactive concentrated solution microwave bucket, which solves the problem that when the existing microwave drying device heats the radioactive concentrated solution, the operation risk is increased because a local hot spot is generated to cause the high-temperature decomposition of a drying product.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a drying device in a radioactive concentrated solution microwave bucket, which comprises a bucket cover and a microwave waveguide, wherein a through hole is formed in the side wall of the bucket cover, the output end of the microwave waveguide penetrates through the through hole to extend into the drying bucket and bend downwards, and the feed-in port of the microwave waveguide is positioned on the outer side of the through hole and is connected with an external microwave magnetron;
the microwave waveguide is provided with a plurality of, and a plurality of microwave waveguide is along bung lateral wall circumferential surface evenly distributed, is provided with feed inlet and steam outlet at the top of bung, steam outlet can be connected with steam demister, condenser and condensate storage tank in proper order.
Preferably, the feed inlet extends downwards into the drying barrel and is flush with the port of the output end of the microwave waveguide.
Preferably, the microwave waveguide extends into the barrel from the side wall of the barrel cover and bends downwards at the middle point of the radius of the barrel cover, and the plane of the port of the output end of the microwave waveguide is flush with the lower surface of the barrel cover.
Preferably, the microwave waveguide output end is a long edge, and the output ends are distributed along the radial direction or the circumferential direction on the circumferential surface of the lower part of the barrel cover.
Preferably, the microwave waveguide is a rectangular waveguide and has a chamfer at a 90 ° elbow corner, the chamfer forming an angle of 45 ° with the upper surface of the microwave waveguide.
Preferably, a radar liquid level meter connecting pipe, a temperature instrument connecting pipe and a camera probe connecting pipe are respectively arranged at the top of the barrel cover.
Further preferably, one end of the thermometer connecting pipe is connected with an infrared thermometer.
The invention also discloses a method for performing microwave drying by using the drying device in the radioactive concentrated solution microwave bucket, which comprises the following steps:
installing the bung on the drying bucket, carry the radioactivity concentrate to the drying bucket in through the feed inlet, the microwave magnetron that is located the drying bucket outside produces the microwave and by microwave waveguide input to the drying bucket in, the radioactivity concentrate in the bucket is dried, the vapor that the drying produced passes through steam outlet and discharges, exhaust steam gets into the steam demister and the condenser that connect gradually with steam outlet outside, discharge the condensate storage tank who is connected with the condenser after the condensation, accomplish the drying of radioactivity concentrate and subtract the appearance and handle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a drying device in a radioactive concentrated solution microwave bucket, wherein radioactive concentrated solution enters a drying bucket through a feeding hole, a microwave magnetron positioned outside the drying bucket generates microwaves to enter a microwave waveguide, the microwave waveguide extends into the drying bucket through the side wall of a bucket cover and is bent downwards, so that the generated microwaves can be directly radiated to the surface of the concentrated solution, a plurality of microwave waveguides are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the bucket cover, the uniformity of microwave power distribution can be increased, the generation of hot spots is effectively reduced, the drying efficiency of the radioactive concentrated solution is improved, the operation safety of microwave drying is improved, a microwave waveguide feeding port is connected with the microwave magnetron, the problem of microwave leakage in the drying process can be prevented, and the radioactive damage of a dried product in the bucket to the external environment can be reduced after the drying is finished; the radioactive concentrated solution generates steam after being dried, the steam is defoamed through a steam demister connected with the outside of a steam outlet, and then is condensed by a condenser and then is discharged to a condensate storage tank, so that the drying and volume reduction treatment of the radioactive concentrated solution is completed.
Furthermore, the microwave waveguide extends into the barrel from the side wall of the barrel cover and bends downwards at the middle point of the radius of the barrel cover, the plane of the port of the microwave waveguide is flush with the lower surface of the barrel cover, the microwave can be directly radiated to the surface of the concentrated solution by the arrangement, the energy loss caused by the reflection of the barrel wall is avoided, and the pressure of the installation space of the device component on the upper part of the barrel cover can be reduced.
Furthermore, the microwave waveguide is a rectangular waveguide, and a cutting angle is arranged at the corner of the 90-degree elbow, so that the reflection of the microwave at the elbow can be reduced, and the utilization rate of microwave energy is improved.
Further, install radar level gauge takeover, thermometer takeover and camera probe takeover on the bung, take over radar level gauge, infrared temperature appearance and the camera probe connected respectively through the aforesaid, can carry out real-time supervision to the height, temperature and the drying effect of radioactivity concentrate in the drying bucket, because the radioactivity concentrate has higher radiation intensity can cause the harm to direct contact's equipment, adopt infrared temperature appearance can reduce the harm of radioactivity concentrate to the thermometer.
The invention also discloses a microwave drying method based on the device, which is simple to operate: install the bung on the drying bucket, carry the radioactivity concentrate to the drying bucket in through the feed inlet, the microwave that microwave magnetron produced is inputed to the drying bucket in by microwave waveguide, carries out the drying to the radioactivity concentrate in the bucket, and the vapor that the drying produced discharges through steam outlet, discharges the condensate storage tank after the steam demister removes the foam, the condenser condensation, uses the device can effectively improve the drying efficiency of radioactivity concentrate under the condition of operation safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a lid of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a drum lid of the device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a drum lid of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of different microwave waveguide ports in the apparatus of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a barrel cover, 2-a camera probe connecting pipe, 3-a radar liquid level meter connecting pipe, 4-a feed inlet, 5-a temperature instrument connecting pipe, 6-a steam outlet and 7-a microwave waveguide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the drying device in the radioactive concentrated solution microwave bucket comprises a bucket cover 1 and a microwave waveguide 7 which is arranged on the bucket cover 1, penetrates through the bucket cover 1, extends into the drying bucket and bends downwards, the microwave waveguide 7 extends outwards from the bucket cover 1 and is connected with a microwave magnetron, a feed port 4 connected with a pipeline for conveying the radioactive concentrated solution and a steam outlet 6 connected with a steam defoaming device are arranged at the top of the bucket cover 1, and the feed port 4 extends downwards into the bucket cover and is flush with the port of the microwave waveguide 7. The barrel cover 1 is installed on a drying barrel, radioactive concentrated solution is sent into the drying barrel through a feeding hole 4, microwaves are generated by a microwave magnetron and input into the drying barrel through a microwave waveguide 7, the radioactive concentrated solution in the barrel is dried, water vapor generated by drying is discharged into a condensate storage tank after being defoamed by a vapor demister through a vapor outlet 6 and condensed by a condenser, and drying volume reduction treatment of the radioactive concentrated solution is completed. As shown in fig. 4, the microwave waveguide 7 extends into the barrel from the side wall of the barrel cover 1 and bends downwards at the middle point of the radius of the barrel cover 1, and the plane of the port of the microwave waveguide 7 is flush with the lower surface of the barrel cover 1. The design can lead the microwave to directly radiate the surface of the concentrated solution, avoid energy loss caused by the reflection of the barrel wall and reduce the pressure of the installation space of the device part on the upper part of the barrel cover 1. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the microwave waveguides 7 have four identical microwave waveguides, and are distributed at 90 ° intervals in the circumferential direction of the tub cover 1. The long sides of the ports of the microwave waveguide 7 are distributed along the radial direction on the circumferential surface of the lower part of the barrel cover 1. According to the three-dimensional electromagnetic thermal simulation of drying in the microwave bucket, the port of the microwave waveguide 7 is designed in the arrangement mode, so that the heating uniformity is best, and the hot spot distribution is least. The microwave waveguide 7 is a rectangular waveguide and has a cut angle at a 90-degree elbow corner. The design can reduce the reflection of the microwave at the elbow and improve the utilization rate of microwave energy. The barrel cover 1 is provided with a radar liquid level meter for measuring the level of a medium in the drying barrel through a radar liquid level meter connecting pipe 3, a temperature meter for measuring the temperature of the medium in the barrel is installed through a temperature meter connecting pipe 5, and a camera probe for observing the drying effect of the radioactive concentrated solution is connected through a camera probe connecting pipe 2. The radar level gauge, the temperature instrument and the camera probe can monitor the height, the temperature and the drying effect of the radioactive concentrated solution in the drying barrel in real time. The connecting pipe is communicated with the barrel cover 1. The arrangement of the connecting pipe facilitates the installation of the radar liquid level meter, the temperature instrument and the camera probe. The thermometer is an infrared thermometer. The use of an infrared thermometer can reduce the damage of the radioactive concentrate to the thermometer, since the radioactive concentrate has a higher radiation intensity that can cause damage to the equipment in direct contact. The feed inlet of the microwave waveguide 7 is connected with a microwave magnetron. The problem of microwave leakage in the drying process can be prevented, and the radioactive damage of the dried product in the barrel to the external environment can be reduced after the drying is finished.
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 except for the following. The rectangular waveguide has the cavity length of 86.46mm and the width of 43.18mm, the rectangular waveguide bends downwards in the barrel cover 1 at an angle of 90 degrees, a cut angle is arranged at the bend, the cut angle and the upper surface of the waveguide form an angle of 45 degrees, and the length of the cut waveguide is 57.68 mm.
According to the embodiment 2, the voltage standing wave ratio of the microwave transmission is 1, which is the best compensation size for the reflection of the microwave at the elbow.
As shown in fig. 5, different microwave port arrangements include three-port long edge circumferential arrangement, three-port long edge radial arrangement, four-port long edge circumferential arrangement, four-port long edge radial arrangement, four-port interval arrangement, five-port long edge circumferential arrangement, five-port long edge radial arrangement, six-port long edge circumferential arrangement, six-port long edge radial arrangement, and six-port interval arrangement.
According to the different microwave port arrangement modes of fig. 5, the device described in example 2 was used to perform three-dimensional electromagnetic thermal simulation, and the unevenness coefficients of microwave heating at the different arrangement modes of the microwave waveguide 7 ports were obtained, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 uneven heating coefficient for different microwave waveguide port arrangement modes
As can be seen from table 1, the microwave heating unevenness corresponding to the four-port long-side radial arrangement manner is lower than that of other port arrangement manners, which indicates that the present embodiment can effectively solve the problem of increased microwave drying risk due to local hot spots generated by the non-uniformity of microwave power distribution during the microwave heating process.
The method for drying the radioactive concentrated solution by using the device comprises the following steps:
the barrel cover 1 is installed on a drying barrel, radioactive concentrated liquid is conveyed into the drying barrel through a feed port 4, microwaves generated by a microwave magnetron are input into the drying barrel through a microwave waveguide 7 to dry the radioactive concentrated liquid in the barrel, water vapor generated by drying is discharged through a vapor outlet 6, the discharged vapor is discharged into a condensate storage tank after being defoamed by a vapor demister and a condenser, and drying volume reduction treatment of the radioactive concentrated liquid is completed.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The drying device in the radioactive concentrated solution microwave bucket is characterized by comprising a bucket cover (1) and a microwave waveguide (7), wherein a through hole is formed in the side wall of the bucket cover (1), the output end of the microwave waveguide (7) penetrates through the through hole to extend into the drying bucket and bend downwards, and the feed-in port of the microwave waveguide (7) is positioned on the outer side of the through hole and is connected with an external microwave magnetron;
microwave waveguide (7) are provided with a plurality of, and a plurality of microwave waveguide (7) are provided with feed inlet (4) and steam outlet (6) along bung (1) lateral wall circumference surface evenly distributed at the top of bung (1), steam outlet (6) can be connected with steam demister, condenser and condensate storage tank in proper order.
2. A radioactive concentrate microwave in-bucket drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feed inlet (4) extends downwardly into the interior of the drying bucket and is flush with the end of the output end of the microwave waveguide (7).
3. A radioactive concentrate microwave bucket drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the microwave waveguide (7) extends into the bucket from the side wall of the bucket lid (1) and bends downward at the radius midpoint of the bucket lid (1), and the port plane of the output end of the microwave waveguide (7) is flush with the lower surface of the bucket lid (1).
4. The microwave drying apparatus for radioactive concentrated solution in a barrel according to claim 1, wherein the output end of the microwave waveguide (7) is a long edge, and the output ends are distributed radially or circumferentially at the lower circumferential surface of the barrel cover.
5. A radioactive concentrate microwave bucket drying apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the microwave waveguide (7) is a rectangular waveguide having a chamfer at a 90 ° elbow corner, the chamfer being at a 45 ° angle to the upper surface of the microwave waveguide (7).
6. The microwave in-bucket drying device for radioactive concentrated solution according to claim 1, wherein a radar liquid level meter connecting pipe (3), a temperature meter connecting pipe (5) and a camera probe connecting pipe (2) are respectively installed at the top of the bucket cover (1).
7. The microwave in-bucket drying device for radioactive concentrated solution according to claim 6, wherein an infrared thermometer is connected to one end of the thermometer connecting tube (5).
8. The method for performing microwave drying by using the microwave in-bucket drying device for radioactive concentrated solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the barrel cover (1) is installed on a drying barrel, radioactive concentrated liquid is conveyed into the drying barrel through a feeding hole (4), a microwave magnetron positioned outside the drying barrel generates microwaves and inputs the microwaves into the drying barrel through a microwave waveguide (7), the radioactive concentrated liquid in the barrel is dried, water vapor generated by drying is discharged through a vapor outlet (6), the discharged vapor enters a vapor demister and a condenser which are sequentially connected with the outside of the vapor outlet (6), and the condensed liquid is discharged to a condensate storage tank connected with the condenser after condensation, so that drying and volume reduction treatment of the radioactive concentrated liquid are completed.
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| CN201911419570.3A CN111128429A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Drying device and drying method for radioactive concentrated solution in microwave bucket |
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| CN201911419570.3A CN111128429A (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Drying device and drying method for radioactive concentrated solution in microwave bucket |
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