CN111125865B - Analysis method for exploring mixing rate change characteristics of different gravity flows in vegetation areas - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of differential gravity flow in a vegetation area, which comprises the steps of manufacturing a differential gravity flow test device for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area, acquiring data, measuring topographic data and differential gravity flow parameters of a target research area, establishing a Cartesian coordinate system, determining parameters, determining the length, width and height of vegetation groups in the test and the diameter and the number of plants, establishing the Cartesian coordinate system, determining the head position of the differential gravity flow and the head speed of the differential gravity flow, calculating to obtain the side surface area of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area and the side surface area of the differential gravity flow outside the vegetation area, calculating the model, substituting parameter data into a mixing rate calculation model of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area to acquire the change characteristic of the differential gravity flow mixing rate in the vegetation area, and having important significance on the movement mechanism of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area by calculating the mixing rate of the differential gravity flow, so that the differential gravity flow is convenient to apply in production practice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore engineering hydraulic model tests, in particular to an analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of different gravity flows in a vegetation area.
Background
The different gravity flow, also called density flow, is one of basic movement forms in environmental fluid mechanics, wherein 2 or more fluids have small density difference in the horizontal direction and do not have global mixing with other fluids in the flowing process. Different heavy flows are very common in nature and engineering world, and common different heavy flow movements are turbidity flows in marine environments, brine wedges, thermal power plant warm drainage, sediment and salt carried in water flows and the like, so that the research of the different heavy flows has important significance for engineering practice and scientific research. Great research on different gravity flows is carried out in the disciplines of fluid mechanics, hydraulic engineering, oceanographic engineering and the like. However, the occurrence of the abnormal heavy flow is very unpredictable and difficult to observe in the field, so that the indoor water tank test becomes one of research means of the abnormal heavy flow.
In the natural environment, the different gravity flows can be mixed with the bottom bed at the lower interface and sucked with the environmental water body at the upper interface in the movement process, and the two can influence the movement distance of the different gravity flows together, so that the damage degree of the different gravity flows to the natural environment is influenced. However, the vegetation can obviously influence the movement process and the morphology of the differential gravity flow, so the mixing characteristic of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area is explored through an indoor test, the method is very important for eliminating the movement mechanism of the differential gravity flow and the influence degree of the vegetation on the mixing effect of the differential gravity flow, and a scientific reference basis can be provided for later researches. Among the patent solutions published, there is a great lack of technical solutions to explore the rate of heterogeneous heavy stream blending.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of the alien gravity flow in the vegetation area, which has important significance on the movement mechanism of the alien gravity flow in the vegetation area by calculating the mixing rate of the alien gravity flow and is convenient for application in production practice.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristics of different gravity flows in a vegetation area comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a different gravity flow test device for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of different gravity flows in a vegetation area, wherein the different gravity flow test device comprises a cuboid transparent water tank, a gate, a vegetation group, a first camera, a second camera and a laser, the gate is inserted into the cuboid transparent water tank to divide the cuboid transparent water tank into a saline water area and a clear water area, saline water is injected into the saline water area and is dyed, clear water with the same height as the saline water in the saline water area is injected into the clear water area, the gate is controlled to open and close by a stepping motor, the vegetation group comprises a plurality of plants, the vegetation group is fixed on an organic glass plate and is placed in the clear water area, the first camera is placed on the side surface of the cuboid transparent water tank and is used for shooting the different gravity flow phenomenon in the whole process of the different gravity flow in the vegetation group, the second camera is placed beside the first camera and is placed vertically on the vegetation group, the laser is arranged above the cuboid transparent water tank and is used for irradiating the shooting area of the second camera, and the emission range of the laser is larger than the shooting range of the second camera;
Furthermore, the environmental topography data of the target research area to be measured in the step 2 includes a water tank length, a water tank width, a water tank bottom gradient, a gate chamber length, a concentration of differential gravity, an initial height of differential gravity, and a distance from the vegetation group to the gate, wherein a Cartesian coordinate system origin is established at the gate position, an endpoint of the gate, which is close to the water tank bottom, is a coordinate origin O, the horizontal left represents an X positive direction, the vertical paper surface inward represents a positive Y positive direction, and the vertical upward represents a Z positive direction.
Further, the ratio of the vegetation unit area in the step 4
Wherein D is the diameter of the plant, L v Length of vegetation group W v The width of the vegetation group, and N is the number of plants.
Further, the head position X of the differential gravity flow in the step 3 f The motion distance of the foremost point of the differential gravity flow is represented, and the head position is referenced by taking the origin of Cartesian coordinates, namely the nearest distance between the edge of the vegetation group of the head position and the gate.
Further, the head speed U of the differential gravity flow in the step 3 f Is the average value of the instantaneous speeds of the front and rear small sections of the second camera in the process of flowing different heavy flows into vegetation.
Further, firstly, determining a gray value by comparing according to the difference between the differential gravity flow and the environmental water body to determine the accurate contour of the differential gravity flow, calculating the side area of the differential gravity flow as A by using an image shot by a first camera and establishing a rectangular coordinate system, and then calculating the side area A of the differential gravity flow in a vegetation area by using MATLAB software by using a man-machine interaction technology 1 The lateral area of the differential gravity flow outside the vegetation is A 2 ＝A-A 2 。
Further, calculating the side area A of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area by adopting a man-machine interaction technology through MATLAB software 1 The method specifically comprises the steps of obtaining a different heavy flow picture with a side area to be calculated through a second camera, displaying different heavy flows in the picture in a color mode relative to clear water due to the fact that saline water is dyed, converting the rgb color picture into a gray level picture, determining coordinate values on an obtained contour line according to gray level value differences, taking a gate position as an origin of coordinates, an X axis pointing to a different heavy flow moving direction along the bottom of a water tank, a Y axis being a vertical upward direction, determining the size of a scale according to a marker in the picture, converting the coordinate points into actual coordinate points according to the size of the scale, calculating the area of a closed curve according to the obtained actual contour line through a POLYAREA function in MATLAB, wherein the area is the side area A of the different heavy flows 1 。
Further, the plants are simplified to rigid cylinders, and the plants are arranged in a random manner.
Further, brine was stained with potassium permanganate.
Further, the first camera is a digital camera with a resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and a frame rate of 25fps, and the second camera is a CCD camera with a resolution of 2320×1726 pixels and a frame rate of 100 fps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristics of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area is simple in manufacturing, low in cost and convenient to test, and the device for simulating the differential gravity flow test is manufactured.
2. The invention discloses an analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of different heavy flows in a vegetation area, and provides a calculation model of the mixing rate change characteristic of the different heavy flows in the vegetation area and an extraction method of each parameter in the calculation model.
3. According to the analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristics of the alien flow in the vegetation area, the alien flow of the POLYAREA function in MATLAB software is utilized to judge the side surface area of the alien flow through the gray value, so that the error of a calculation result is smaller, and the analysis method is simple, convenient and high in accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the differential gravity flow test device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the differential gravity flow test device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an image of the variation of the blending rate of the differential flow through the vegetation area.
Wherein: 1. a rectangular transparent water tank; 2. a gate; 3. a vegetation group; 4. a first camera; 5. a second camera; 6. a laser; 7. brine; 8. and (5) clean water.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device for implementing the analysis method of the present invention is a differential gravity flow test device, the differential gravity flow test device comprises a rectangular transparent water tank 1, a gate 2, a vegetation group 3, a first camera 4, a second camera 5 and a laser 6, the gate 2 is inserted into the rectangular transparent water tank 1 to divide the rectangular transparent water tank 1 into a saline water area and a clear water area, saline water 7 is injected into the saline water area and the saline water 7 is dyed, clear water 8 with the same height as the saline water 7 in the saline water area is injected into the clear water area, the gate 2 is opened and closed by a stepping motor, the vegetation group 3 comprises a plurality of plants, the vegetation group 3 is fixed on an organic glass plate and placed in the clear water area, the first camera 4 is placed on the side surface of the rectangular transparent water tank 1 for shooting the differential gravity flow vertical motion phenomenon of the differential gravity flow vertical to the vegetation group 3, the laser 6 is arranged above the rectangular water tank, and the emission range of the laser 6 is larger than the shooting range of the second camera 5.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cuboid transparent water tank 1 is made of acrylic material, the length of the cuboid transparent water tank 1 is 200cm, the width is 20cm, the height is 20cm, the length of the brine area is 10cm, and the length of the clear water area is 190cm.
The first camera 4 has a resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and a frame rate of 25fps, the second camera 5 has a resolution of 2320×1726 pixels and a frame rate of 100fps, and the laser 6 has a wavelength of 532nm parallel to the center line of the rectangular parallelepiped transparent water tank 1 and a diffusion angle of 45 °.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first camera 4 is erected in front of the cuboid transparent water tank 1 for 100cm, the phenomenon of three-dimensional two-dimensional whole-course motion of different gravity flows is shot laterally, and the shooting range of the second camera 5 is positioned at a position 220cm to 60cm away from the gate.
The plants are simplified into rigid cylinders, and the plants are arranged in a random mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the plants are simplified into rigid cylinders with the diameter of 7mm, the plants are arranged in a random mode, and the specific distribution positions are determined by adopting MATLAB random distribution functions.
In the case of the brine 7, potassium permanganate was selected for the dyeing.
An analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristics of different gravity flows in a vegetation area comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a differential gravity flow test device for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of the differential gravity flow in a vegetation area.
And 2, acquiring data, measuring topographic data and different gravity flow parameters of a target research area, and establishing a Cartesian coordinate system.
The environmental topography data of the target research area to be measured in the step 2 includes the length of the water tank, the width of the water tank, the gradient of the bottom surface of the water tank, the length of the lock chamber, the concentration of the differential gravity flow, the initial height of the differential gravity flow and the distance between the vegetation group 3 and the gate 2, wherein the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system is built at the position of the gate 2, the endpoint of the gate 2, which is close to the outer side of the bottom of the water tank, is the origin of coordinates O, the horizontal left represents the X positive direction, the vertical paper surface represents the Y positive direction inwards, and the vertical upward represents the Z positive direction.
Head position X of the differential gravity flow in the above step 3 f The movement distance of the foremost point of the differential gravity flow is represented, and the head position is referenced to the origin of the cartesian coordinates, i.e. the nearest distance between the edge of the vegetation group 3 of the head position and the gate 2.
Head speed U of the differential gravity flow in the step 3 f The average value of the instantaneous speeds of the front and rear small sections of the second camera 5 in the process of flowing the different gravity flows into the vegetation group 3.
Specifically, based on the basic parameters in step 2 and X measured in step 3 f Further calculating the average value of the instantaneous speeds of the front 0.1s and the rear 0.1s at the moment as the head speed U of the differential gravity flow f 。
In the invention, in the step 3, the side surface area A of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation group 3 is calculated 1 And the side outside the vegetation group 3Area A of surface 2 According to the difference between the different gravity flow and the environmental water body, comparing and determining gray values to determine the accurate outline of the different gravity flow, calculating the side area of the different gravity flow as A by using the image shot by the first camera 4 and establishing a rectangular coordinate system, and then calculating the side area A of the different gravity flow in the vegetation group 3 area by using MATLAB software and adopting a man-machine interaction technology 1 The lateral area of the differential gravity flow outside the vegetation group 3 is A 2 ＝A-A 2 。
Specifically, the lateral area A of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area is calculated by MATLAB software through a man-machine interaction technology 1 The method specifically comprises the steps of obtaining a different heavy flow picture with a side area to be calculated through a second camera 5, converting an rgb color picture into a gray level picture as saline 7 is dyed, displaying the different heavy flow in the picture in color relative to clear water 8, determining coordinate values on an obtained contour line according to gray level value difference, establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking a gate 2 as a coordinate origin, an X axis pointing to the different heavy flow moving direction along the bottom of a water tank, a Y axis as a vertical upward direction, determining the size of a scale according to a marker in the picture, converting the coordinate point into an actual coordinate point according to the size of the scale, and calculating the area of a closed curve according to the obtained actual contour line through a POAREA function in MATLAB, wherein the area is the side area A of the different heavy flow 1 。
And obtaining different heavy stream form pictures with 0.1s as interval through video picture conversion processing in the later stage by using the side form in the different heavy stream movement process shot by the second camera 5, and analyzing based on the different heavy stream form pictures.
The ratio of the vegetation unit area in the step 4
Wherein D is the diameter of the plant, L v Length W of vegetation group 3 v The width of the vegetation group 3, and N is the number of plants.
In the embodiment of the invention, let H v For the height of the plants, H is the height of brine 7 and clear water 8, and the length L of the vegetation group 3 in the test is measured v Selecting width W of vegetation group 3 of 30cm and 80cm v 20cm, H height of 14cm, plantsHeight H of (2) v 3cm, 6.5cm and 16cm, respectively, the diameter of the plant was 7mm, the density SPF of the vegetation group 3 was 4.5%, 9.0% and 18.0% (total of 18 vegetation group 3 types).
Referring to Table 1, a detailed table of the test conditions according to the examples of the present invention is shown.
Table 1 detailed table for test conditions
To further illustrate the reliability and effectiveness of the method for analyzing the characteristic of the variation of the blending rate of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation region, referring to FIG. 1, the invention performs 19 groups of open-gate differential gravity flow motion tests in a cuboid glass water tank, measures the blending rate, head position, head speed and the like during the differential gravity flow motion, simultaneously measures other parameters listed in the steps 2 and 3 of the invention, brings the parameters into a prediction model of the invention, and calculates the blending rate along with the position X of the differential gravity flow head during the differential gravity flow motion f And differential gravity flow head velocity X f Is a variable characteristic of (a). The graph is drawn by calculating the data as shown in fig. 3. Therefore, the analysis method provided by the invention can effectively acquire the variation characteristic of the mixing rate of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area.
Further describing embodiments of the present invention, for regime 1 (no vegetation present), the blending rate decreases with head position, and at X f In the range of =7-12, w e ≈0.01-0.02cm·s -1 . When plants are present, the differential gravity flow is admixed at a rate w before flowing into the vegetation group 3 e Head position X with differential gravity flow f Rapidly decreasing; then the mixing effect is weakened due to the blocking effect of plants, and the mixing rate w e Tending to decrease linearly; flow through vegetation group 3 post blend Rate w e Head position X with differential gravity flow f Slowly decrementing and approaching zero. From FIG. 3, it can be derived that
At the time, the blending rate w e Compared with other vegetation working conditions, the vegetation working conditions are larger, on one hand, partial differential gravity flow moves on the upper part of plants, the contact area with environmental water body is increased, and the mixing rate w e Increasing; on the other hand, due to R-T instability, the upper part of the plant and the internal different heavy flows are continuously exchanged, and the mixing rate w e Increasing. In addition, analysis results in a blending rate w e Head velocity U at initial collapse stage and differential gravity flow f The relationship is not significant, but when the differential gravity flow is adjusted from the collapse stage to the self-similar stage, the head speed U of the differential gravity flow is adjusted to f Exhibiting a linear decreasing relationship. />
Claims (10)
1. An analysis method for exploring the mixing rate change characteristics of different gravity flows in a vegetation area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a different gravity flow test device for exploring the mixing rate change characteristic of different gravity flows in a vegetation area, wherein the different gravity flow test device comprises a cuboid transparent water tank, a gate, a vegetation group, a first camera, a second camera and a laser, the gate is inserted into the cuboid transparent water tank to divide the cuboid transparent water tank into a saline water area and a clear water area, saline water is injected into the saline water area and is dyed, clear water with the same height as the saline water in the saline water area is injected into the clear water area, the gate is controlled to open and close by a stepping motor, the vegetation group comprises a plurality of plants, the vegetation group is fixed on an organic glass plate and is placed in the clear water area, the first camera is placed on the side surface of the cuboid transparent water tank and is used for shooting the different gravity flow phenomenon in the whole process of the different gravity flow in the vegetation group, the second camera is placed beside the first camera and is placed vertically on the vegetation group, the laser is arranged above the cuboid transparent water tank and is used for irradiating the shooting area of the second camera, and the emission range of the laser is larger than the shooting range of the second camera;
step 2, acquiring data, measuring topographic data and different gravity flow parameters of a target research area, and establishing a Cartesian coordinate system;
step 3, determining parameters, namely determining the length, width and height of the vegetation group and the plant straightness in the test according to the topographic data and the abnormal heavy current parameters determined in the step 2Diameter and number, determining the position X of the head of the differential gravity flow according to the Cartesian coordinate system established in the step 2 f The gate is controlled to be opened by a stepping motor, a first camera and a second camera are arranged to automatically shoot, and the data of the terrain, the parameters of the differential gravity flow and the position X of the head of the differential gravity flow in the step 2 are used for controlling the gate to be opened f Calculating head speed U of different gravity flow f Calculating to obtain the side surface area A of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation group according to the topographic data and the differential gravity flow parameters measured in the step 2 and the differential gravity flow form and the differential gravity flow elevation two-dimensional whole-course motion phenomenon in the process of flowing the differential gravity flow into the vegetation group obtained by shooting in the step 1 1 And a side area A outside the vegetation group 2 ；
Step 4, calculating a model, wherein the mixing rate calculation model of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area is as follows
Wherein U is f Head velocity of differential gravity flow, X f Head position for differential gravity flow, A 1 For the side surface area of different gravity flow in the vegetation group A 2 And (3) substituting the data obtained in the step (2) and the step (3) into a mixing rate calculation model of the differential heavy flow in the vegetation area to obtain the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the differential heavy flow in the vegetation area for the side surface area of the differential heavy flow outside the vegetation group, wherein SPF is the proportion of the unit area of the vegetation group.
2. The method for analyzing the characteristic of the mixing rate change of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the environmental topography data of the target research area to be measured in the step 2 comprises a water tank length, a water tank width, a water tank bottom gradient, a gate chamber length, a differential gravity flow concentration, a differential gravity flow initial height and a distance between a vegetation group and a gate, wherein a Cartesian coordinate system origin is built at the gate position, the endpoint of the gate, which is close to the outer side of the water tank bottom, is a coordinate origin O, the horizontal left represents an X positive direction, the vertical paper surface inward represents a positive Y positive direction, and the vertical upward represents a Z positive direction.
3. The probe heterogravity according to claim 1The method for analyzing the mixing rate change characteristics of the flow in the vegetation area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: ratio of vegetation unit area in step 4
Wherein D is the diameter of the plant, L v Length of vegetation group W v The width of the vegetation group, and N is the number of plants.
4. The method for analyzing the characteristic of the mixing rate change of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: head position X of the differential gravity flow in the step 3 f The motion distance of the foremost point of the differential gravity flow is represented, and the head position is referenced by taking the origin of Cartesian coordinates, namely the nearest distance between the edge of the vegetation group of the head position and the gate.
5. The method for analyzing the characteristic of the mixing rate change of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: head speed U of the differential gravity flow in the step 3 f The average value of the instantaneous speeds of the front and rear small sections of the second camera in the process of flowing different heavy flows into the vegetation group.
6. The method for analyzing the characteristic of the mixing rate change of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining a gray value by comparing according to the difference between the differential gravity flow and the environmental water body to determine the accurate contour of the differential gravity flow, calculating the side area of the differential gravity flow as A by using an image shot by a first camera and establishing a rectangular coordinate system, and then calculating the side area A of the differential gravity flow in a vegetation group area by using MATLAB software and adopting a man-machine interaction technology 1 The lateral area of the differential gravity flow outside the vegetation group is A 2 ＝A-A 2 。
7. The method for analyzing the characteristic of the mixing rate variation of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area according to claim 6, wherein: calculating the side of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area by adopting man-machine interaction technology through MATLAB softwareArea A 1 The method specifically comprises the steps of obtaining a different heavy flow picture with a side area to be calculated through a second camera, displaying different heavy flows in the picture in a color mode relative to clear water due to the fact that saline water is dyed, converting the rgb color picture into a gray level picture, determining coordinate values on an obtained contour line according to gray level value differences, taking a gate position as an origin of coordinates, an X axis pointing to a different heavy flow moving direction along the bottom of a water tank, a Y axis being a vertical upward direction, determining the size of a scale according to a marker in the picture, converting the coordinate points into actual coordinate points according to the size of the scale, calculating the area of a closed curve according to the obtained actual contour line through a POLYAREA function in MATLAB, wherein the area is the side area A of the different heavy flows 1 。
8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the analysis of the profile of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area is performed by: the plants are simplified to rigid cylinders, and the plants are arranged in a random mode.
9. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the analysis of the profile of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area is performed by: brine was stained with potassium permanganate.
10. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the analysis of the profile of the differential gravity flow in the vegetation area is performed by: the first camera is a digital camera with a resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and a frame rate of 25fps, and the second camera is a CCD camera with a resolution of 2320×1726 pixels and a frame rate of 100 fps.
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