CN111125865A - Analysis method for researching mixing rate change characteristics of density flow in vegetation area - Google Patents
Analysis method for researching mixing rate change characteristics of density flow in vegetation area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristic of density flow in a vegetation area, which comprises the steps of manufacturing a density flow test device for researching the mixing rate change characteristic of density flow in the vegetation area, acquiring data, measuring topographic data and density flow parameters of a target research area, establishing a Cartesian coordinate system, determining the parameters, measuring the length, width and height of a vegetation group and the diameter and number of plants in the test, establishing the Cartesian coordinate system, measuring the head position of the density flow and the head speed of the density flow, calculating the side area of the density flow in the vegetation and the side area outside the vegetation, calculating a model, substituting the parameter data into a mixing rate calculation model of the density flow in the vegetation area, acquiring the change characteristic of the density flow in the vegetation area, and having important significance for clearing the movement mechanism of the density flow in the vegetation area by calculating the mixing rate of the density flow, facilitating the application thereof in production practice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic model tests of offshore engineering, in particular to an analysis method for researching the change characteristic of the mixing rate of density flow in a vegetation area.
Background
The density flow is a movement phenomenon that 2 or more than 2 fluids have a slight density difference in the horizontal direction and are not mixed with other fluids globally in the flow process, and is one of the basic movement forms in environmental hydrodynamics. The density flow is very common in nature and engineering, and the common density flow motion comprises turbidity current, brine wedge, thermal power plant warm drainage, silt and salt carried in water flow and the like in marine environment, so that the research on the density flow has important significance for engineering practice and scientific research. The subjects of hydrodynamics, hydraulic engineering, oceanographic science and the like have carried out a great deal of research on the density flow. However, the occurrence of the density flow is very unpredictable, and the field observation is difficult, so that the indoor water tank test becomes one of the research means of the density flow.
In the natural environment, the density flow can generate mixing action with the bottom bed at the lower interface and entrainment action with the environmental water body at the upper interface in the movement process, and the two jointly influence the movement distance of the density flow, thereby influencing the damage degree of the density flow to the natural environment. However, the vegetation can significantly influence the movement process and the form of the density flow, so that the blending characteristic of the density flow in a vegetation area is researched through an indoor test, the vegetation has very important influence on the movement mechanism of the density flow and the influence degree of the vegetation on the density flow blending action, and a scientific reference basis can be provided for the later research. In the published patent schemes, the technical scheme for exploring the mixing rate of the different heavy flows is very lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an analysis method for researching the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area, and the method has important significance for clarifying the movement mechanism of the density flow in the vegetation area by calculating the mixing rate of the density flow and is convenient to apply in production practice.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristics of density flow in a vegetation area comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a density flow test device for researching the mixing rate change characteristic of density flow in a vegetation area, wherein the density flow test device comprises a cuboid transparent water tank, a gate, a vegetation group, a first camera, a second camera and a laser, the gate is inserted into the cuboid transparent water tank to divide the cuboid transparent water tank into a salt water area and a clear water area, saline water is injected into the salt water area and the salt water is dyed, clear water with the same height as the salt water in the salt water area is injected into the clear water area, the gate is controlled to be opened and closed through a stepping motor, the vegetation group comprises a plurality of plants, the vegetation group is fixed on an organic glass plate and placed in the clear water area, the first camera is placed on the side surface of the cuboid transparent water tank and used for shooting the two-dimensional whole-course motion phenomenon of a density flow vertical face, the second camera is placed beside the first camera and vertical to the vegetation group and used for shooting the density flow in the, the laser is arranged above the cuboid transparent water tank and used for irradiating a shooting area of the second camera, and the emission range of the laser is larger than that of the second camera;
Furthermore, the environmental topographic data of the target research area to be measured in the step 2 comprises the length of the water tank, the width of the water tank, the gradient of the bottom surface of the water tank, the length of a lock chamber, the density of the.
Further, the proportion of vegetation in unit area in step 4
Wherein D is the diameter of the plant, LvIs the length of the vegetation group, WvIs the width of the vegetation group, N is the number of plants。
Further, the head position X of the density flow in the step 3fThe movement distance of the leading point of the density flow is represented, and the head position is based on the cartesian coordinate origin, namely the closest distance between the vegetation group edge of the head position and the gate.
Further, the head speed U of the heavy stream in the step 3fThe average value of the instantaneous speeds of the front and rear small sections of the second camera in the process of flowing the density current into the vegetation.
Further, firstly, according to the difference between the density flow and the environmental water body, the precise contour of the density flow is determined by comparing and determining the gray value, the lateral area A of the density flow is calculated by an image shot by the first camera and a rectangular coordinate system established, and then the lateral area A of the density flow in the vegetation area is calculated by MATLAB software by adopting a man-machine interaction technology1The lateral area of the density flow outside the vegetation is A2＝A-A2。
Further, the side area A of the density flow in the vegetation area is calculated by MATLAB software by adopting a man-machine interaction technology1Specifically, the method includes the steps of obtaining a density flow picture needing to calculate the side area through a second camera, displaying the density flow in the picture in a color mode relative to clear water due to the fact that saline water is dyed, converting an rgb color picture into a gray scale picture, determining and obtaining coordinate values on a contour line according to gray scale differences, using a gate as a coordinate origin, enabling an X axis to point to the density flow moving direction along the bottom of a water tank, enabling a Y axis to be in a vertical upward direction, determining the size of a scale according to a marker in the picture, converting the coordinate points into actual coordinate points according to the size of the scale, calculating the area of a closed curve through a POLYAREA function in MATLAB according to the obtained actual contour line, wherein the area is the side area A of the density flow1。
Furthermore, the plants are simplified into rigid cylinders, and the plants are arranged in a random mode.
Further, the brine was stained with potassium permanganate.
Further, the first camera is a digital camera with a resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels and a frame rate of 25fps, and the second camera is a CCD camera with a resolution of 2320 × 1726 pixels and a frame rate of 100 fps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristic of the density flow in the vegetation area, disclosed by the invention, is used for manufacturing a device for simulating the density flow test, and the device is simple to manufacture, low in cost and convenient to test.
2. The invention discloses an analysis method for researching the change characteristic of the mixing rate of density flow in a vegetation area, and provides a calculation model of the change characteristic of the mixing rate of density flow in the vegetation area and an extraction method of each parameter in the calculation model.
3. According to the analysis method for researching the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area, the side area of the density flow of the POLYAREA function in MATLAB software in the vegetation area is utilized, the side area of the density flow is judged through the gray value, the error of the calculation result is ensured to be smaller, and the method is simple and convenient and has high accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the density flow test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the density flow test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an image of the variation in the rate of incorporation of a density flow through a vegetation area.
Wherein: 1. a rectangular transparent water tank; 2. a gate; 3. a vegetation group; 4. a first camera; 5. a second camera; 6. a laser; 7. brine; 8. and (4) clear water.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus for implementing the analysis method of the present invention is a density flow test apparatus, the density flow test apparatus includes a rectangular transparent water tank 1, a gate 2, a vegetation group 3, a first camera 4, a second camera 5 and a laser 6, the gate 2 is inserted into the rectangular transparent water tank 1 to divide the rectangular transparent water tank 1 into a brine area and a clear water area, brine 7 is injected into the brine area and the brine 7 is dyed, clear water 8 having the same height as the brine 7 in the brine area is injected into the clear water area, the gate 2 is controlled to be opened and closed by a stepping motor, the vegetation group 3 includes a plurality of plants, the vegetation group 3 is fixed on an organic glass plate and placed in the clear water area, the first camera 4 is placed at a side of the rectangular transparent water tank 1 to photograph a two-dimensional whole course movement phenomenon of a vertical face of a density flow, the second camera 5 is placed beside the first camera 4 and the vertical vegetation group 3 is placed to photograph a density flow form in a process of a density flow into the, the laser 6 is arranged above the cuboid water tank, and the emission range of the laser 6 is larger than the shooting range of the second camera 5.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cuboid transparent water tank 1 is made of an acrylic material, the cuboid transparent water tank 1 is 200cm in length, 20cm in width and 20cm in height, the saline area is 10cm in length, and the clear water area is 190cm in length.
The first camera 4 is a digital camera having a resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels and a frame rate of 25fps, the second camera 5 is a CCD camera having a resolution of 2320 × 1726 pixels and a frame rate of 100fps, and the laser 6 is a laser 6 having a wavelength of 532nm parallel to the center line of the rectangular transparent water tank 1 and a diffusion angle of 45 °.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first camera 4 is erected in front of the cuboid transparent water tank 1 by 100cm, the phenomenon of lateral shooting of the three-dimensional full-range motion of the density current is laterally shot, and the shooting range of the second camera 5 is located at a position which is 220cm to 60cm away from the gate.
The plants are simplified into rigid cylinders, and the plants are arranged in a random mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the plants are simplified into rigid cylinders with the diameter of 7mm, the plants are arranged in a random mode, and the specific distribution position is determined by adopting an MATLAB random distribution function.
In the case of dyeing the brine 7, potassium permanganate was selected for dyeing.
An analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristics of density flow in a vegetation area comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a density flow test device for researching the mixing rate change characteristic of density flow in a vegetation area.
And 2, acquiring data, measuring topographic data and density flow parameters of the target research area and establishing a Cartesian coordinate system.
The environmental terrain data of the target research area required to be measured in the step 2 comprises the length of a water tank, the width of the water tank, the gradient of the bottom surface of the water tank, the length of a lock chamber, the density of the density.
The head position X of the density flow in the step 3fThe movement distance of the leading point of the density flow is represented, and the head position is referenced to the cartesian coordinate origin, i.e. the closest distance between the edge of the vegetation group 3 of the head position and the gate 2.
The head speed U of the density flow in the above step 3fThe average value of the instantaneous speeds of the front and rear small segments of the second camera 5 in the process of flowing the density current into the vegetation group 3.
Specifically, based on the basic parameters in step 2 and X determined in step 3fAnd further calculating the average value of the instantaneous speeds of 0.1s before and 0.1s after the moment as the head speed U of the density flowf。
In the invention, in step 3, the area of the side surface of the density flow in the vegetation group 3 is calculatedA1And the side surface area A outside the vegetation group 32The specific method comprises the following steps of comparing and determining a gray value according to the difference between the density flow and the environmental water body to determine the accurate outline of the density flow, calculating the lateral area A of the density flow by using an image shot by the first camera 4 and a rectangular coordinate system established, and calculating the lateral area A of the density flow in the vegetation group 3 area by using MATLAB software and adopting a man-machine interaction technology1The lateral area of the density flow outside the vegetation group 3 is A2＝A-A2。
Specifically, the side area A of the density flow in the vegetation area is calculated by MATLAB software by adopting a man-machine interaction technology1Specifically, the method includes the steps of obtaining a density flow picture needing to calculate the area of the side face through a second camera 5, wherein saline water 7 is dyed, density flow in the picture is displayed in a color mode relative to clear water 8, rgb color pictures are converted into gray level pictures, coordinate values on contour lines are determined and obtained according to gray level difference, a gate 2 is used as a coordinate origin for establishing a rectangular coordinate system, an X axis points to the movement direction of the density flow along the bottom of a water tank, a Y axis is in the vertical upward direction, the size of a scale is determined according to markers in the picture, the coordinate points are converted into actual coordinate points according to the size of the scale, according to the obtained actual contour lines, the area of a closed curve is calculated through a POLYAREA function in MATLAB, and the area is the area A of the side face of the density1。
The side morphology of the heavy current in the moving process is shot by the second camera 5, and the heavy current morphology pictures with the interval of 0.1s are obtained through the video-to-picture processing in the later period, and are analyzed on the basis of the pictures.
The proportion of vegetation in the above step 4
Wherein D is the diameter of the plant, LvIs the length of vegetation group 3, WvIs the width of the vegetation group 3 and N is the number of plants.
In the embodiment of the invention, let HvThe length L of the vegetation group 3 in the test was determined as the height of the plants, H as the height of the brine 7 and the clear water 8vSelecting 30cm and 80cm, and the width W of vegetation group 3v20cm, height of H14 cm, height of plant Hv3cm, 6.5cm and 16cm, respectively, and the diameter D of the plant is 7mm, the density SPF of the vegetation group 3 is 4.5%, 9.0% and 18.0% (total of 18 vegetation group 3 types).
Referring to table 1, a detailed attached table of test conditions of the embodiment of the present invention is shown.
Table 1 detailed attached table of test conditions
To further illustrate the reliability and effectiveness of the analysis method for the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area, referring to fig. 1, the method develops a 19-group open gate type density flow motion test in a cuboid glass water tank, measures the mixing rate, the head position, the head speed and the like in the density flow motion process, simultaneously measures other parameters listed in the steps 2 and 3 of the invention, brings the parameters into a prediction model of the invention, and calculates the mixing rate along with the density flow head position X in the density flow motion processfAnd head velocity X of density flowfThe change characteristic of (c). The graph is plotted by calculating the data as shown in fig. 3. Therefore, the analysis method provided by the invention can effectively obtain the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area.
To further illustrate embodiments of the invention, for condition 1 (no vegetation present), the blend rate decreases with head position and at XfIn the range of 7 to 12, we≈0.01-0.02cm·s-1. When plants are present, the density of the heterotropic flow is at a blending rate w before it flows into vegetation population 3eHead position X with density flowfRapidly decreasing; then the blending effect is weakened due to the blocking effect of the plants, and the blending speed weTends to decrease linearly; mixing rate w after flowing through vegetation group 3eHead position X with density flowfSlowly decreases and goes to zero. From FIG. 3, it can be derived
While mixingVelocity weCompared with other vegetation working conditions, the vegetation water treatment method is larger in the aspect that partial density flow moves on the upper part of a plant, the contact area with an environmental water body is increased, and the mixing speed weIncreasing; on the other hand, due to the instability of R-T, the density flow of the upper part and the inner part of the plant is continuously exchanged, and the mixing speed weAnd is increased. In addition, the analysis yields a blending rate weHead velocity U at initial stage of collapse phase and density flowfThe relationship is not significant, but when the density flow is adjusted from the collapse phase to the self-similarity phase, the head velocity U of the density flowfA linear decreasing relationship is present.
Claims (10)
1. An analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristics of density flow in a vegetation area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a density flow test device for researching the mixing rate change characteristic of density flow in a vegetation area, wherein the density flow test device comprises a cuboid transparent water tank, a gate, a vegetation group, a first camera, a second camera and a laser, the gate is inserted into the cuboid transparent water tank to divide the cuboid transparent water tank into a salt water area and a clear water area, saline water is injected into the salt water area and the salt water is dyed, clear water with the same height as the salt water in the salt water area is injected into the clear water area, the gate is controlled to be opened and closed through a stepping motor, the vegetation group comprises a plurality of plants, the vegetation group is fixed on an organic glass plate and placed in the clear water area, the first camera is placed on the side surface of the cuboid transparent water tank and used for shooting the two-dimensional whole-course motion phenomenon of a density flow vertical face, the second camera is placed beside the first camera and vertical to the vegetation group and used for shooting the density flow in the, the laser is arranged above the cuboid transparent water tank and used for irradiating a shooting area of the second camera, and the emission range of the laser is larger than that of the second camera;
step 2, acquiring data, measuring topographic data and density flow parameters of a target research area and establishing a Cartesian coordinate system;
step 3, determining parameters, namely determining the length, width and height of the vegetation group and planting in the test according to the topographic data and the density flow parameters determined in the step 2The diameter and the number of the plants are determined according to the Cartesian coordinate system established in the step 2, and the position X of the head of the gravity flow is determinedfControlling the gate to be opened through the stepping motor, setting the first camera and the second camera to automatically shoot, and according to the terrain data, the density flow parameters and the density flow head position X in the step 2fCalculating the head velocity U of the density flowfCalculating to obtain the side area A of the density flow in the vegetation group according to the topographic data and the density flow parameters measured in the step 2 and the density flow form and the density flow vertical plane two-dimensional whole-course movement phenomenon in the process that the density flow obtained by shooting in the step 1 flows into the vegetation group1And the side area A outside the vegetation group2；
Step 4, model calculation, wherein the model for calculating the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area is
Wherein, UfHead velocity of the flow of density, XfHead position for density flow, A1The area of the side surface of the density flow within the vegetation group, A2And (3) substituting the data obtained in the step (2) and the step (3) into a mixing rate calculation model of the density flow in the vegetation area to obtain the variation characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area, wherein the area of the side surface of the density flow outside the vegetation area is shown, and the SPF is the proportion of the density flow in the unit area of the vegetation area.
2. The analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristics of the density flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the environmental terrain data of the target research area required to be measured in the step 2 comprises the length of a water tank, the width of the water tank, the gradient of the bottom surface of the water tank, the length of a lock chamber, the density of the.
3. The probe of claim 1The method for analyzing the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: proportion of vegetation in unit area in step 4
Wherein D is the diameter of the plant, LvIs the length of the vegetation group, WvIs the width of the vegetation population and N is the number of plants.
4. The analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristics of the density flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the head position X of the density flow in the step 3fThe movement distance of the leading point of the density flow is represented, and the head position is based on the cartesian coordinate origin, namely the closest distance between the vegetation group edge of the head position and the gate.
5. The analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristics of the density flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the head speed U of the density flow in the step 3fThe average value of the instantaneous speeds of the front and rear small sections of the second camera in the process of flowing the density current into the vegetation group.
6. The analysis method for researching the mixing rate change characteristics of the density flow in the vegetation area according to claim 1, is characterized in that: firstly, according to the difference between the density flow and the environmental water body, the precise contour of the density flow is determined by comparing and determining the gray value, the side area A of the density flow is calculated by an image shot by a first camera and a rectangular coordinate system established, and then the side area A of the density flow in a vegetation group area is calculated by MATLAB software by adopting a man-machine interaction technology1The lateral area of the density flow outside the vegetation group is A2＝A-A2。
7. The method for analyzing the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area according to claim 6, wherein: calculating the density flow in the vegetation area by MATLAB software by adopting a man-machine interaction technologySide area A of domain1Specifically, the method includes the steps of obtaining a density flow picture needing to calculate the side area through a second camera, displaying the density flow in the picture in a color mode relative to clear water due to the fact that saline water is dyed, converting an rgb color picture into a gray scale picture, determining and obtaining coordinate values on a contour line according to gray scale differences, using a gate as a coordinate origin, enabling an X axis to point to the density flow moving direction along the bottom of a water tank, enabling a Y axis to be in a vertical upward direction, determining the size of a scale according to a marker in the picture, converting the coordinate points into actual coordinate points according to the size of the scale, calculating the area of a closed curve through a POLYAREA function in MATLAB according to the obtained actual contour line, wherein the area is the side area A of the density flow1。
8. The method for analyzing the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plants are simplified into rigid cylinders, and the plants are arranged in a random mode.
9. The method for analyzing the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the brine was stained with potassium permanganate.
10. The method for analyzing the change characteristic of the mixing rate of the density flow in the vegetation area according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first camera is a digital camera with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels and a frame rate of 25fps, and the second camera is a CCD camera with a resolution of 2320 x 1726 pixels and a frame rate of 100 fps.
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