CN111122084A - Crankshaft vibration testing device and method - Google Patents
Crankshaft vibration testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111122084A CN111122084A CN201911393779.7A CN201911393779A CN111122084A CN 111122084 A CN111122084 A CN 111122084A CN 201911393779 A CN201911393779 A CN 201911393779A CN 111122084 A CN111122084 A CN 111122084A
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- crankshaft
- bearing bush
- gasket
- machine tool
- vibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B7/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance
- G01B7/105—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance for measuring thickness of coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/027—Specimen mounting arrangements, e.g. table head adapters
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crankshaft vibration testing device and a method, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises an adjusting device, a guide rail, a bearing bush base and a bearing bush cover, wherein the adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the bearing bush base; the guide rail is arranged below the adjusting device and can slide along the machine tool guide rail; the bearing bush base is positioned above the adjusting device and is detachably connected with the adjusting device; the bearing bush cover is positioned above the bearing bush base and is detachably matched and connected with the bearing bush base, and a first sensor is arranged on the surface of the bearing bush cover and is used for measuring the vibration of a crankshaft; the crankshaft is arranged between the bearing bush base and the bearing bush cover, the crankshaft is driven to move by controlling the movement of a machine tool, and the vibration of the crankshaft is measured by the second sensor. The parts of the invention are connected by bolts, the crankshaft is easy to assemble and replace, the required matching height can be adjusted, and the invention has the advantages of simple installation, convenient operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engine crankshaft detection, in particular to a crankshaft vibration testing device and method.
Background
The crankshaft is one of the most important moving parts in the engine, the waviness of the surface of the crankshaft is a key characteristic of the crankshaft, and the waviness error of the surface of a journal can directly affect the vibration, noise and the like of the engine and the service life of the crankshaft. After the conventional grinding wheel is ground, grinding lines always appear on the surface of a shaft neck due to vibration, abrasion and the like, the grinding lines only affect roughness slightly, and the corrugation degree is affected when heavy vibration lines are formed along the axial direction, so that the friction and abrasion between the shaft neck and the shaft neck are increased, the vibration, noise and the like of an engine are aggravated, the problems of bearing pulling, bearing burning and bearing holding are caused in the serious condition, and the performance of the engine is seriously affected. It is therefore necessary to study the vibrations caused by the waviness of the crankshaft surface.
At present, the vibration characteristics of the crankshaft are generally researched by adopting a test method for testing and analyzing the whole engine, but the test method needs a large amount of time for assembling and replacing the crankshaft, and parts are complicated to assemble, so that the test method is not beneficial to quick test and has low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a crankshaft vibration testing apparatus and method, so as to solve the problems that the prior art is not favorable for rapid testing and has low efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
one aspect of the present invention provides a crankshaft vibration testing apparatus, including: the device comprises an adjusting device, a guide rail, a bearing bush base and a bearing bush cover, wherein the adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the bearing bush base;
the guide rail is arranged below the adjusting device, is used for being matched and connected with a machine tool guide rail and can slide along the machine tool guide rail;
the bearing bush base is positioned above the adjusting device and is detachably connected with the adjusting device;
the bearing bush cover is positioned above the bearing bush base and is detachably matched and connected with the bearing bush base, and a first sensor is arranged on the surface of the bearing bush cover and is used for measuring the vibration of a crankshaft;
the crankshaft is installed between the bearing bush base and the bearing bush cover, the crankshaft is driven to move by controlling the movement of a machine tool, and the vibration of the crankshaft is measured by the first sensor.
Preferably, the adjusting means comprises: and a second sensor is arranged on the machine tool guide rail and used for measuring the vibration generated by the machine tool.
Preferably, the adjusting means comprises: the upper surface of the base is provided with a groove, the cushion piece is placed in the groove, the guide rail is connected with the lower surface of the base, and the bearing bush base is connected with the upper surface of the cushion piece.
Preferably, the pad member includes a first pad and a second pad, wherein the first pad is located above the second pad, the first pad and the second pad each have an inclined surface, the first pad and the second pad are connected by two inclined surfaces with the same inclination, and the inclined surface of the first pad is movable relative to the inclined surface of the second pad, the adjusting device further includes: the end part of the bolt rod is abutted against the side surface of the first gasket and used for adjusting the position of the first gasket relative to the second gasket and fixing the first gasket on the second gasket, and the second gasket is fixed in the groove and cannot move.
Preferably, the pad further comprises: at least one third gasket, the third gasket is located the below of second gasket, and the upper surface of third gasket with the lower surface connection of second gasket.
Preferably, the bearing bush cover is provided with an oil inlet hole, and the oil inlet hole is used for being connected with an oil pipe of a lubricating system; and a first threaded hole is formed in the bearing bush base and used for mounting a third sensor and measuring the thickness of an oil film.
Preferably, the bearing bush cover has an arc section and a straight line section, the arc top surface of the arc section of the bearing bush cover is a plane, the cross section of the bearing bush base is i-shaped, the upper top plate of the i-shaped bearing bush base has the arc section and the straight line section, and the arc section of the bearing bush base is matched with the arc section of the bearing bush cover and used for being matched with a crankshaft.
Preferably, two sides of the lower bottom plate of the i-shaped bearing bush base are provided with U-shaped grooves, the upper surface of the adjusting device is provided with a second threaded hole, and a bolt penetrates through the U-shaped grooves and is inserted into the second threaded hole, so that the i-shaped bearing bush base is in threaded connection with the adjusting device.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a crankshaft vibration testing method, including the steps of:
the crankshaft vibration testing device is arranged in a machine tool guide rail;
fixing one end of a crankshaft to be tested in a chuck of a machine tool spindle to be clamped, propping the other end of the crankshaft by a tailstock of the machine tool, and sliding the crankshaft vibration testing device to an appointed position through the matching of a guide rail and a guide rail of the machine tool, and aligning the shaft diameter center of the crankshaft with the center of the adjusting device;
detaching the crankshaft, fixing a core rod with the inner diameter of a bearing bush as the reference, and adjusting the height of the bearing bush base through an adjusting device to enable the bearing bush base and the bearing bush cover to be in close contact with the core rod;
removing the bearing bush cover, replacing the core rod with the crankshaft, and fixing the crankshaft by using a machine tool;
and placing a first sensor on the bearing bush cover, and driving the crankshaft to move through the machine tool to obtain the vibration characteristic of the crankshaft.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
placing a second sensor on a machine tool guide rail to obtain the vibration characteristic generated by the machine tool;
and acquiring vibration excitation caused by the waviness of the crankshaft according to the vibration characteristics of the crankshaft and the vibration characteristics generated by the machine tool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the crankshaft vibration testing device can simulate the motion state of a crankshaft in an engine, and is matched with the first sensor on the crankshaft vibration testing device to test the crankshaft vibration characteristic, all parts are connected by bolts, the crankshaft is easy to assemble and replace, the required matching height can be adjusted, and the crankshaft vibration testing device has the advantages of simplicity in installation, convenience in operation and the like, and is beneficial to quickly and accurately testing the crankshaft vibration characteristic.
And through the measurement of first sensor and second sensor, can test the vibration influence that obtains the bent axle waviness and cause, and then be convenient for confirm the best waviness scope to bent axle vibration influence minimum to feed back to and carry out the improvement of bent axle waviness in the actual production, thereby do benefit to the quality that improves bent axle product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a crankshaft vibration testing device provided in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a crankshaft vibration testing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjusting device and the guide rail of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional view of the spacer and the bolt shank of the adjusting device of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the bearing bush cover and the bearing bush base in the invention.
In the figure: 1-a guide rail; 2-a base; 3-a bolt; 4-bearing bush cover; 5-oil inlet hole; 6-arc top plane; 7-crankshaft mounting position; 8-bearing bush base; 9-bolt shank; 10-a connecting assembly; 11-a groove; 12-a third threaded hole; 13-positioning pin holes; 14-a lower base plate; 15-inclined plane; 16-a second threaded hole; 17-first pad 18-second pad; 19-a third gasket; 20-a fourth gasket; 21-a first threaded hole; 22-upper ceiling.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways, or combinations thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Furthermore, in the present description, the drawings are not to scale and like reference numerals refer to like parts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a crankshaft vibration testing device provided by the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the crankshaft vibration testing device provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the crankshaft vibration testing device of the present invention includes: adjusting device, guide rail 1, axle bush base 8 and axle bush lid 4. The adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the bearing bush base 8, so that the crankshaft mounting position 7 is more suitable for mounting in actual production; the guide rail 1 is arranged below the adjusting device, is used for being matched and connected with a machine tool guide rail and can slide along the machine tool guide rail; the bearing bush base 8 is positioned above the adjusting device and is detachably connected with the adjusting device; the bearing bush cover 4 is positioned above the bearing bush base 8 and is detachably matched and connected with the bearing bush base 8, and a first sensor is arranged on the surface of the bearing bush cover 4 and used for measuring crankshaft vibration; the crankshaft is arranged between the bearing bush base 8 and the bearing bush cover 4, the crankshaft is driven to move by controlling the movement of a machine tool, and the vibration of the crankshaft is measured by the first sensor.
The components of the crankshaft vibration testing device are detachably connected, so that the components are convenient to mount and dismount, the assembly is simple, and the control is convenient.
The method and the device can acquire the vibration characteristics of the crankshaft and the influence of the crankshaft waviness on the crankshaft vibration. In one embodiment of the invention, the machine tool guide rail is provided with a second sensor for measuring vibrations generated by the machine tool. Because the first sensor is arranged on the surface of the bearing bush cover 4, the vibration measured by the first sensor comprises the excitation of the machine tool and the excitation of the crankshaft waviness, and the vibration excitation of the machine tool can be eliminated or separated through the vibration collected by the second sensor, so that the vibration excitation caused by the crankshaft waviness is obtained. The influence of the crankshaft waviness on vibration can be obtained by combining the measurement data of the crankshaft waviness in the early stage of the test with the analysis of the acquired vibration data.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an adjusting device and a guide rail according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the adjusting device includes: the bearing bush mounting structure comprises a base 2 and a cushion piece, wherein a groove is formed in the upper surface of the base 2, the cushion piece is placed in the groove, a guide rail 1 is connected with the lower surface of the base 2, the mounting direction of the guide rail 1 is perpendicular to the length direction of the base 2, the sliding direction along the guide rail 1 is parallel to the length direction of a crankshaft, and a bearing bush base 8 is connected with the upper surface of the cushion piece. The height of the adjusting device is adjusted by adjusting the height or the number of the cushion pieces, so that the installation height of the crankshaft in the testing device is matched with the installation height of the crankshaft in practical application.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, there is no specific limitation on the shape, number and other configurations of the cushion member, and it is only necessary that the height of the cushion member can be adjusted, for example, the cushion member may be formed by stacking a plurality of spacers, and the height of the formed cushion member is adjusted by adjusting the number of spacers forming the cushion member.
Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a pad member and a bolt bar in an adjusting device of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the pad member includes a first pad 17 and a second pad 18, wherein the first pad 17 is located above the second pad 18, the first pad 17 and the second pad 18 each have an inclined surface 15, the first pad 17 and the second pad 18 are cooperatively connected by two inclined surfaces 15 having the same inclination, and the inclined surface 15 of the first pad 17 is movable relative to the inclined surface 15 of the second pad 18, and the adjusting device further includes: and the end part of the bolt rod 9 is abutted against the side surface of the first gasket 17, the height of the step of inserting the bolt rod 9 into the groove is lower than that of the bottom surface of the first gasket 17, and the bolt rod 9 is used for adjusting the position of the first gasket 17 relative to the second gasket 18 and fixing the first gasket 17 on the second gasket 18, and the second gasket 18 is fixed in the groove and cannot move fixedly.
In one embodiment of the invention, the slope of the inclined plane 15 with the same slope of the first pad 17 and the second pad 18 is 2 degrees, and the bolt rod 9 is matched to push the first pad 17 to move along the inclined plane 15 to adjust the height of the bearing pad base 8 and fix the position of the first pad 17. According to the length that the inclination and gasket removed, adjustable height maximum is 2mm, according to the pitch of bolt pole 9, and adjustable height minimum is 20 um.
It should be noted that the adjustable height of the present invention is not limited to 2 um-2 mm, and other adjustable ranges of the adjustable height can be obtained by changing the slope of the inclined surface 15 and the pitch of the bolt rod 9.
Since the bolt shank 9 is long and needs to be kept horizontal and fixed when fixing and pushing the first washer 17, it is preferable that the bolt shank 9 is mounted with the coupling assemblies 10 on both sides of the base 2, the coupling assemblies 10 serving to support and fix the bolt shank 9.
Further, the pad further includes: at least one third pad 19, wherein the third pad 19 is positioned below the second pad 18, and the upper surface of the third pad 19 is connected with the lower surface of the second pad 18.
Further, the pad further includes: at least one fourth pad 20, wherein the fourth pad 20 is located below the third pad 19, and the upper surface of the fourth pad 20 is connected with the lower surface of the third pad 19.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the upper and lower surfaces of the third gasket 19 and the fourth gasket 20 are horizontal surfaces, so that the third gasket 19 and the fourth gasket 20 can be tightly attached.
It should be noted that the mounting positions of the third gasket 19 and the fourth gasket 20 in the gasket may be interchanged, the third gasket 19 may be located above the fourth gasket 20, or the third gasket 19 may be located below the fourth gasket 20, and when a plurality of third gaskets 19 and a plurality of fourth gaskets 20 are provided in the gasket, the positions of the third gasket 19 and the fourth gasket 20 may be arranged in a cross distribution.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the third pad 19 and the fourth pad 20 may be both regular-shaped pads, for example, both regular-parallelepiped-shaped pads, and the third pad 19 and the fourth pad 20 may be different in thickness. Through setting up the third gasket 19 and the fourth gasket 20 of different thickness, be convenient for adjust the height of backing member conveniently, for example, as shown in fig. 3, when the thickness of third gasket 19 is greater than the thickness of fourth gasket 20, adjust by a wide margin the height of backing member through the quantity that increases and decreases third gasket 19, raise the efficiency, can realize the fine setting to the height of backing member through the quantity that increases and decreases fourth gasket 20 for the height of backing member is more accurate.
It should be noted that, the present invention can not only complete the crankshaft vibration test on a specific machine tool, but also change the height of the pad by changing the inclination of the first pad 17 and the second pad 18, or the height or the number of the third pad 19 and the fourth pad 20, and cooperate with other machine tools to perform the crankshaft vibration test.
According to the requirement of the crankshaft for rotating lubrication, in one embodiment of the invention, an oil inlet hole 5 is formed in the bearing bush cover 4, and the oil inlet hole 5 is used for being connected with an oil pipe of a lubricating system; the bearing bush base 8 is provided with a first threaded hole 21, the first threaded hole 21 is used for installing a third sensor and is used for measuring the thickness of an oil film, and the first threaded hole 21 is arranged at a corresponding test position according to the requirement of installing the third sensor for measuring the thickness of the oil film.
In one embodiment of the invention, the crankshaft and the bearing bush cover 4 are arranged in the bearing bush base 8, the crankshaft is driven by a machine tool to rotate, and the crankshaft vibration test is carried out by matching with test equipment and a lubricating system. The testing equipment comprises a first sensor, a second sensor, a third sensor and other vibration related equipment, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are vibration sensors to measure vibration characteristics, and the third sensor is an eddy current displacement sensor to measure the change of the oil film thickness. The lubricating system comprises an oil pump, an oil filter and a lubricating oil pipe, wherein the oil pipe is connected with an oil inlet of the bearing bush cover 4 to complete the lubrication of the shaft neck and the bearing bush.
Fig. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a bearing bush cover and a bearing bush base according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the bearing bush cover 4 has an arc section and a straight line section, a part of an arc top surface of the arc section of the bearing bush cover is set to be a plane from an arc shape, so as to form an arc top plane 6, and a first sensor can be placed on the arc top plane 6 set to be a plane. The cross section of the bearing bush base 8 is in an I shape, an upper top plate 22 of the I-shaped bearing bush base 8 is provided with an arc section and a straight line section, and the arc section of the bearing bush base is matched with the arc section of the bearing bush cover and used for being matched with a crankshaft. Third threaded holes 12 are formed in the straight line sections of the bearing bush cover 4 and the bearing bush base 8, bolts are inserted into the third threaded holes 12 to connect the bearing bush cover 4 and the bearing bush base 8, positioning pin holes 13 are formed in the straight line sections of the bearing bush cover 4 and the bearing bush base 8, and the bearing bush cover and the bearing bush base are fixed through the positioning pins. The straight line section of the bearing bush cover 4 is connected with the straight line section of the bearing bush base 8 through a bolt, and the arc section of the bearing bush cover 4 and the arc section of the bearing bush base 8 form a crankshaft mounting position 7.
In an embodiment of the invention, U-shaped grooves are formed on two sides of the lower bottom plate 14 of the i-shaped bearing bush base 8, the upper surface of the adjusting device is provided with a second threaded hole 16, the bolt 3 is inserted into the second threaded hole 16 through the U-shaped groove, the second threaded hole 16 can be arranged on the first gasket 17, so that the i-shaped bearing bush base 8 is in threaded connection with the gasket of the adjusting device, and after the position of the first gasket 17 relative to the second gasket 18 is adjusted by the bolt rod 9, the lower bottom plate 14 of the bearing bush base 8 is fixedly connected with the first gasket 17.
The parts are connected through the bolts, so that the engine is more convenient to disassemble and simple to assemble compared with the engine for installation and test.
The invention also provides a crankshaft vibration testing method, which comprises the following steps:
the crankshaft vibration testing device is arranged in a machine tool guide rail, and sliding connection is realized through the mutual matching of the guide rail 1 and the machine tool guide rail;
fixing one end of a crankshaft to be tested in a chuck of a machine tool spindle to be clamped, propping the other end of the crankshaft by a tailstock of the machine tool, and sliding the crankshaft vibration testing device to an appointed position through the matching of a guide rail 1 and a guide rail of the machine tool, and aligning the shaft diameter center of the crankshaft with the center of the adjusting device;
detaching the crankshaft, fixing a core rod with the inner diameter of a bearing bush as the reference, and adjusting the height of the bearing bush base 8 through an adjusting device to enable the bearing bush base 8 and the bearing bush cover 4 to be in close contact with the core rod;
the bearing bush cover 4 is detached, the mandrel is replaced by the crankshaft, and the crankshaft is fixed by a machine tool;
and placing a first sensor on the bearing bush cover 4, and driving the crankshaft to rotate by using a machine tool to obtain the vibration characteristic of the crankshaft.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the testing method further includes:
placing a second sensor on a machine tool guide rail to obtain the vibration characteristic generated by the machine tool;
and acquiring vibration excitation caused by the waviness of the crankshaft according to the vibration characteristics of the crankshaft and the vibration characteristics generated by the machine tool. In particular, the vibrations acquired by the second sensor can be used to reject or separate the vibration excitations of the machine itself, so as to obtain the vibration excitations caused by the waviness of the crankshaft. The influence of the crankshaft waviness on vibration can be obtained by combining the measurement data of the crankshaft waviness in the early stage of the test with the analysis of the acquired vibration data.
The working process of the crankshaft vibration test by using the crankshaft testing device is further explained by taking the invention and a CJK140 machine tool for matching use as an example.
The guide rail 1 of the crankshaft vibration testing device is installed in a CJK140 machine tool guide rail, and the guide rail 1 can be matched with the machine tool guide rail to slide to a proper position along the machine tool guide rail.
The large end of the crankshaft to be tested is fixed in a chuck of a machine tool spindle to be clamped, the small end of the crankshaft to be tested is propped against by a tailstock of the machine tool, and the crankshaft is firmly fixed and can freely rotate by adopting a rolling center. The crankshaft testing device is moved to the test journal so that the journal center is aligned with the center of the base 2 and secured against movement along the machine tool rails.
Detaching the crankshaft, fixing the mandrel with the inner diameter of the bearing bush as the reference by the same method as the crankshaft, sequentially placing a third gasket 19, a fourth gasket 20, a second gasket 18 and a first gasket 17 in the groove of the base 2 according to the distance from the center of the mandrel to the base 2, placing the bearing bush base 8 on the first gasket 17, adjusting the bolt rod 9, and adjusting the height of the bearing bush base 8 so that the matched bearing bush cover 4 and the bearing bush base 8 can be in close contact fit with the mandrel.
The position of the bolt rod 9 is fixed, and the bearing bush base 8 and the first gasket 17 are fixed through bolt connection.
The bearing bush cover 4 is detached, the core rod is replaced, the test crankshaft is fixed through a machine tool, the lubricating oil pipe is connected with the lubricating oil inlet of the bearing bush cover 4, and the bearing bush cover 4 is matched through the positioning pin hole 13 and fixed through a bolt.
The first sensor is placed on the arc top plane 6 of the bearing bush cover 4, vibration caused by corrugation is measured by matching with measuring equipment, and the second sensor is placed on a machine tool guide rail to measure the vibration condition of the machine tool. Meanwhile, an eddy current displacement sensor for measuring the thickness of the oil film is arranged in the first threaded hole 21 of the bearing bush base 8, the change of the thickness of the oil film is measured and observed, and the processing and analysis of data of a follow-up test are matched.
And opening an oil pump switch, enabling lubricating oil to pass through an oil pump, a filter and an oil pipe to reach a lubricating oil inlet of the bearing bush cover 4, starting the machine tool to drive the crankshaft to rotate, and after the machine tool works for a period of time stably, matching with test equipment, and simultaneously acquiring a vibration signal and an oil film thickness signal, wherein the acquisition time is 8 periods of crankshaft rotation.
Stopping signal acquisition, finishing data storage, stopping the machine tool, stopping the oil pump when the stand-by bed drives the crankshaft to completely stop, stopping oil supply, and finishing acquisition of vibration caused by crankshaft waviness by the device.
The vibration collected by the bearing bush cover 4 includes excitation of the machine tool itself and excitation of waviness, and vibration excitation caused by waviness is obtained by rejecting or separating the vibration excitation of the machine tool from the vibration collected by the bearing bush cover 4. And analyzing the measurement data of the crankshaft journal waviness before the test and the processed vibration data to obtain the influence of the crankshaft waviness on vibration.
It should be noted that, the method for measuring the crank waviness and analyzing the subsequent collected data is not specifically limited, and is not described herein again.
When the crankshaft vibration testing device is used, the speed of the crankshaft can be changed by controlling the motion of a machine tool, and the crankshaft can realize the functions of starting, stopping, high-speed, medium-speed and low-speed operation, forward rotation, reverse rotation and the like. The oil pressure of the lubricating system is about 0.5MPa, and the lubricating system has a pressure overflow function. In addition, the measurement of machine tool vibration and the main shaft vibration driving the crankshaft to rotate are also increased.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A crankshaft vibration testing device, comprising: an adjusting device, a guide rail, a bearing bush base and a bearing bush cover,
the adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the bearing bush base;
the guide rail is arranged below the adjusting device, is used for being matched and connected with a machine tool guide rail and can slide along the machine tool guide rail;
the bearing bush base is positioned above the adjusting device and is detachably connected with the adjusting device;
the bearing bush cover is positioned above the bearing bush base and is detachably matched and connected with the bearing bush base, and a first sensor is arranged on the surface of the bearing bush cover and is used for measuring the vibration of a crankshaft;
the crankshaft is installed between the bearing bush base and the bearing bush cover, the crankshaft is driven to move by controlling the movement of a machine tool, and the vibration of the crankshaft is measured by the first sensor.
2. A crankshaft vibration testing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said adjustment means comprises: and a second sensor is arranged on the machine tool guide rail and used for measuring the vibration generated by the machine tool.
3. A crankshaft vibration testing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said adjustment means comprises: the upper surface of the base is provided with a groove, the cushion piece is placed in the groove, the guide rail is connected with the lower surface of the base, and the bearing bush base is connected with the upper surface of the cushion piece.
4. The crankshaft vibration testing apparatus according to claim 3,
the gasket comprises a first gasket and a second gasket, wherein the first gasket is positioned above the second gasket, the first gasket and the second gasket are respectively provided with an inclined surface, the first gasket and the second gasket are connected in a matching way through two inclined surfaces with the same inclination, the inclined surface of the first gasket can move relative to the inclined surface of the second gasket, and the second gasket is fixed in the groove;
the adjusting device further comprises: and the end part of the bolt rod is abutted against the side surface of the first gasket and is used for adjusting the position of the first gasket relative to the second gasket and fixing the first gasket on the second gasket.
5. The crankshaft vibration testing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the pad further comprises: at least one third gasket, the third gasket is located the below of second gasket, and the upper surface of third gasket with the lower surface connection of second gasket.
6. The crankshaft vibration testing device according to claim 1, wherein an oil inlet hole is formed in the bearing bush cover and is used for being connected with an oil pipe of a lubricating system;
and a first threaded hole is formed in the bearing bush base and used for mounting a third sensor and measuring the thickness of an oil film.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pad cover has a circular arc section and a straight section, a vertex surface of the circular arc section of the pad cover is disposed as a plane,
the cross section of the bearing bush base is I-shaped, the upper top plate of the I-shaped bearing bush base is provided with an arc section and a straight line section, and the arc section of the bearing bush base is matched with the arc section of the bearing bush cover and used for being matched with a crankshaft.
8. The crankshaft vibration testing device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the i-shaped pad holder has U-shaped slots formed on both sides of the lower plate, the adjusting device has a second threaded hole formed on an upper surface thereof, and a bolt is inserted into the second threaded hole through the U-shaped slot, so that the i-shaped pad holder is threadedly coupled to the adjusting device.
9. A crankshaft vibration testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
installing the crankshaft vibration testing device of claim 1 in a machine tool guide rail;
fixing one end of a crankshaft to be tested in a chuck of a machine tool spindle to be clamped, propping the other end of the crankshaft by a tailstock of the machine tool, and sliding the crankshaft vibration testing device to an appointed position through the matching of a guide rail and a guide rail of the machine tool, and aligning the shaft diameter center of the crankshaft with the center of the adjusting device;
detaching the crankshaft, fixing a core rod with the inner diameter of a bearing bush as the reference, and adjusting the height of the bearing bush base through an adjusting device to enable the bearing bush base and the bearing bush cover to be in close contact with the core rod;
removing the bearing bush cover, replacing the core rod with the crankshaft, and fixing the crankshaft by using a machine tool;
and placing a first sensor on the bearing bush cover, and driving the crankshaft to move through the machine tool to obtain the vibration characteristic of the crankshaft.
10. The crankshaft vibration testing method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:
placing a second sensor on a machine tool guide rail to obtain the vibration characteristic generated by the machine tool;
and acquiring vibration excitation caused by the waviness of the crankshaft according to the vibration characteristics of the crankshaft and the vibration characteristics generated by the machine tool.
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