CN111121894A - Flow calibration method for ultrasonic gas meter - Google Patents
Flow calibration method for ultrasonic gas meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111121894A CN111121894A CN201911358973.1A CN201911358973A CN111121894A CN 111121894 A CN111121894 A CN 111121894A CN 201911358973 A CN201911358973 A CN 201911358973A CN 111121894 A CN111121894 A CN 111121894A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
- G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
- G01F25/15—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters specially adapted for gas meters
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a flow calibration method for an ultrasonic gas meter, which comprises the steps of receiving a driving pulse output by a micro control unit, controlling a first ultrasonic transducer to transmit an ultrasonic signal based on the driving pulse, and receiving the ultrasonic signal by a second ultrasonic transducer corresponding to the first ultrasonic transducer to generate an echo signal; performing signal amplification processing on the echo signal output by the second ultrasonic sensor to obtain an amplified echo signal; transmitting the amplified echo signal to a comparator circuit to obtain a compared signal output by the comparator circuit; a STOP signal is derived based on the compared signal. The accuracy of generating the head wave of the STOP signal is ensured by adjusting the real-time amplification factor of the echo signal in real time, so that the measurement of the flight time of the ultrasonic wave is completed according to the STOP signal, and the accuracy of the calculation of the flight time is improved due to the fact that a plurality of threshold values are simply set to determine the head wave moment compared with the prior art, and the accuracy of the measurement of the gas flow based on the ultrasonic wave is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of signal processing, and particularly relates to a flow calibration method for an ultrasonic gas meter.
Background
With the improvement of the technical development capacity, the ultrasonic flowmeter is more and more accepted by the market. In the natural gas metering industry, ultrasonic flowmeters are gradually replacing old mode gas meters. The gas ultrasonic flowmeter calculates the flow velocity of a fluid by measuring the forward flow propagation time and the backward flow propagation time of ultrasonic waves in the fluid, and calculates the flow rate of the fluid through the flow velocity. The accuracy of the measurement of the transit time of the ultrasonic wave in the fluid is a main factor influencing the metering accuracy of the ultrasonic flow meter.
The received signal does not change under the condition that the ultrasonic wave propagates in an ideal environment and in a medium without attenuation, namely, under the condition that the driving is unchanged, but in practical use, the components of the medium may be different, and the environments such as temperature, pressure and the like may also be different, which can cause the received signal to still change under the condition that the driving is unchanged. The signal generated by the ultrasonic sensor is a positive sine wave signal with a zero point as a reference, in the prior art, a fixed threshold comparator is mostly used for judging a first wave, so that the forward and reverse flow propagation time is measured, when a medium changes, a received signal changes, the threshold of the threshold comparator is fixed, the first wave of the ultrasonic signal can be judged wrongly, for example, a 200kHz sensor is used, when the first wave in one period is judged wrongly, a time measurement error of 5us can be caused, the time measurement error is converted into a flow rate, and the flow rate is a very large error, so that the metering accuracy of the ultrasonic flowmeter is influenced.
The method is characterized in that a GP2 series TDC timing chip is adopted to detect the flight time of most of the current ultrasonic flowmeters adopting a time difference method, an echo signal judges a first wave through a fixed threshold value comparator, so that the flow is calculated, when external conditions such as media and the like change, the commonly adopted method is to set more threshold values of a plurality of comparators, and then carry out pre-judgment according to the flight time tested by different threshold values and then adjust the amplification factor, but the precision is low, the position of the wrong first wave is judged with great possibility, so that the flight time test is wrong, namely, the common problems encountered by the ultrasonic flowmeters have no flow rate running number.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter, and the calculation precision of the ultrasonic flight time can be improved by adaptively amplifying the echo signal, so that the effectiveness of flow calculation is ensured.
Specifically, the flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter provided by the embodiment of the application includes:
receiving a driving pulse output by a micro control unit, controlling a first ultrasonic transducer to transmit an ultrasonic signal based on the driving pulse, and receiving the ultrasonic signal by a second ultrasonic transducer corresponding to the first ultrasonic transducer to generate an echo signal;
performing signal amplification processing on the echo signal output by the second ultrasonic sensor to obtain an amplified echo signal;
transmitting the amplified echo signal to a comparator circuit to obtain a compared signal output by the comparator circuit;
a STOP signal is derived based on the compared signal.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and analyzing the STOP signal and comparing the STOP signal with the echo signal to ensure that the head wave of the STOP signal is consistent with the head wave of the echo signal.
Optionally, the signal amplification processing on the echo signal output by the second ultrasonic sensor to obtain an amplified echo signal includes:
the echo signal is subjected to primary amplification processing through a primary amplifier circuit;
and respectively outputting the amplified signals to a PGA automatic gain circuit and a saturation amplifying circuit for secondary amplification treatment to obtain amplified echo signals after secondary amplification.
Optionally, the outputting the amplified signals to the PGA automatic gain circuit and the saturation amplifying circuit respectively to perform a second-stage amplification process to obtain a second-stage amplified echo signal includes:
carrying out secondary amplification processing on the amplified echo signal after the primary amplification in a PGA automatic gain circuit to obtain an amplified echo signal; and
and amplifying the first-stage amplified echo signal in a saturated amplifying circuit to obtain an amplified echo signal.
Optionally, the PGA automatic gain circuit includes:
an operational amplifier IC14A, an inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier IC14A is used for receiving an amplification result output by the first-stage amplifier circuit, a forward input terminal of an operational amplifier IC14A is connected to an analog ground, a first control terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to a power supply terminal 2V 4 and is connected to a signal ground through a capacitor C30, a second control terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to the power supply terminal-2V 5 on one hand and is connected to the signal ground through a capacitor C36 on the other hand, a capacitor C8652 and a resistor R33 which are connected in parallel are further arranged between an output terminal and an inverting input terminal of a comparator IC14A, an output terminal of the comparator IC14A is connected to an INMR pin of a programmable gain amplifier IC10 through a capacitor C390, and the INMR pin is connected to the signal ground through a;
pin INPR of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is sequentially connected to signal ground through capacitor C22 and resistor R11, pin OFSN of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is sequentially connected to signal ground through capacitor C18, resistor R12 and resistor R13, resistor R12 is provided between pin OFSN and pin VAGC, pin VBAT of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to power supply terminal 3V0, and is simultaneously connected to signal ground through capacitor C170 and capacitor C17 which are connected in parallel, pin OFSN and pin VREF are simultaneously connected to signal ground through capacitor C16, pin EPAD is connected to digital ground, pin DETO and COMM of programmable gain amplifier IC10 are connected to signal ground,
pin OUTP of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 2 of operational amplifier IC12, capacitor C26 is connected between pin OUTP and pin FBKP of programmable gain amplifier IC10, pin OUTM of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 3 of operational amplifier IC12, capacitor C29 is connected between pin OUTM and pin FBKM of programmable gain amplifier IC10, pin 1 of operational amplifier IC12 is connected to signal ground, pin 7 of operational amplifier IC12 is connected to power supply terminal 2V5, and is also connected to signal ground through capacitor C23, and pin 5 and pin 6 of operational amplifier IC12 are also connected to capacitor C28;
pin GAIN of the programmable GAIN amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 1 of the digital-to-analog converter IC13, pin 1 of the IC13 is further connected to signal ground via a resistor R28, pin 2 of the IC13 is connected to signal ground, pin 3 of the IC13 is connected to the power supply terminal 3V0, and is also connected to signal ground via a capacitor C33, pin 6 of the IC13 is connected to signal ground, and pins 4 and 5 of the IC13 are connected to the power supply terminal 3V0 via a resistor R31 and a resistor R32, respectively.
Optionally, the transmitting the amplified echo signal to the comparator circuit to obtain a compared signal output by the comparator circuit includes:
judging whether the waveform peak value of the amplified echo signal is in a preset interval or not in a comparator circuit;
if the peak value is within the preset interval, calculating the intermediate value of the two peaks, and setting the intermediate value as a compared threshold voltage through a DAC;
and if the peak value difference is outside the preset interval, performing DAC adjustment, and processing the peak value difference by means of ADC sampling.
Optionally, the comparator circuit includes:
the inverting input end of the amplifier U11 is connected with a signal ground through a resistor R204 and a resistor R22, one end, far away from the signal ground, of the resistor R22 is further connected with the output end TP58 of the PGA automatic gain circuit, the forward input end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C201, two ends of the capacitor C201 are connected with a resistor R206 in parallel, and one end, far away from the signal ground, of the resistor R206 is further connected with a power supply end 3V0 through a resistor R205; the first control end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the power supply end 3V0, the first control end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C202 on one hand and is connected with an offset pin on the other hand, the output end of the amplifier U11 is also connected with an AINP pin of an analog-to-digital converter U12 through a resistor R207, and the output end of the amplifier U11 is also connected with the reverse input end of an amplifier U11 through a resistor R203;
an AINP pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is further connected with a signal ground through a capacitor C203, an AINM pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the ground through a resistor R208, an SDO pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R210 and a capacitor C205, an SCLK pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R209 and a capacitor C205, a DVDD pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with a power supply terminal 3V0 through a resistor R222, an AVDD pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with a power supply terminal 3V0 through a resistor R223, and a capacitor C204; the AINP pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is also connected with the positive input end of a comparator IC7A through a capacitor C211;
the first control end of the comparator IC7A is connected with the power supply end 2V5 on the one hand and is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C90 on the other hand, the second control end of the comparator IC7A is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C9 on the one hand and is connected with the power supply end-2V 5 on the other hand, and the output end of the comparator IC7A is sequentially connected with the signal ground through resistors R16 and R8; the reverse input end of the comparator IC7A is connected with a pin 1 of a digital-to-analog converter U10 through a resistor R211, a pin 2 and a pin 6 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 are connected with a signal ground, a pin 3 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C206, two ends of the capacitor C206 are connected with a capacitor C226 in parallel, and the other end, far away from the grounding end, of the capacitor C206 is connected with a power supply end 3V 0.
Optionally, the comparator circuit comprises
A comparator IC5A, wherein the inverting input terminal of the comparator IC5A is connected with the output terminal TP51 of the primary amplifier circuit through a resistor R14 and a capacitor C24, and the positive input terminal of the comparator IC5A is connected with one end of the capacitor C24 far away from the TP51 through a resistor R15 and is connected with a signal ground; the first control end of the comparator IC5A is connected with the power supply end 2V5, and the second control end of the comparator IC5A is connected with the power supply end-2V 5 and is connected with the signal ground through the capacitor C19; the output end of the comparator IC5A is electrically connected with the positive input end of the comparator IC7B through a capacitor C8;
the positive input end of the comparator IC7B is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R3, the output end of the comparator IC7B is connected with the emitter of a triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R9, and a resistor R10 is connected between the base and the emitter of a triode Q1 in parallel; a signal terminal TP61 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and a resistor R6 and a capacitor C12 are connected in parallel between the signal terminal TP61 and the signal ground.
Optionally, the obtaining a STOP signal for determining the echo signal time based on the compared signal includes:
in the STOP signal circuit, interference due to noise is masked based on the output result, and an adjusted STOP signal is obtained.
Optionally, the STOP signal circuit includes:
a monostable resonator IC9, wherein a pin 2 of a monostable resonator IC9 receives a STOP2 signal generated by a threshold comparator circuit, a pin 7 of the monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a power supply end 2V5 through a resistor R17, a pin 6 of a monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a signal ground on one hand and is connected with the pin 7 through a capacitor C20 on the other hand, and a pin 8 of the monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a power supply end 2V5 on the one hand and is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C371 on the other hand;
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by amplifying the echo signals, the accuracy of determining the time of receiving the first wave can be improved based on the echo signals after the amplitude is expanded, so that the precision of the flight time of the ultrasonic waves is improved, and the accuracy of gas flow calculation is finally improved.
2. And analyzing the STOP signal and comparing the STOP signal with the echo signal to ensure that the head wave of the STOP signal is consistent with the head wave of the echo signal and the waveforms in the STOP signal and the echo signal are in one-to-one correspondence.
3. And performing a comparison process between the waveform peak value and a preset interval in the PGA automatic gain loop, and performing targeted adjustment on the threshold voltage of the comparator based on a comparison result, so that the threshold level has enough margin to avoid wave error and ensure the calculation accuracy of the final flow.
4. An AND gate chip is additionally arranged in a STOP signal circuit, the STOP1 signal generated by a zero-crossing comparator is AND-operated with the output of a resonator, and the STOP signal generated by noise can be well shielded by using a monostable waveform generated by STOP2 when AND-operated with STOP1, so that the correct STOP signal is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a flow calibration method for an ultrasonic gas meter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charge amplifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a PGA automatic gain circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a threshold comparator circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a STOP signal generating circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a signal amplification process according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the structure and advantages of the present invention clearer, the structure of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, an embodiment of the present application provides a flow calibration method for an ultrasonic gas meter, where as shown in fig. 1, the flow calibration method includes:
11. receiving a driving pulse output by a micro control unit, controlling a first ultrasonic transducer to transmit an ultrasonic signal based on the driving pulse, and receiving the ultrasonic signal by a second ultrasonic transducer corresponding to the first ultrasonic transducer to generate an echo signal;
12. performing signal amplification processing on the echo signal output by the second ultrasonic sensor to obtain an amplified echo signal;
13. transmitting the amplified echo signal to a comparator circuit to obtain a compared signal output by the comparator circuit;
14. a STOP signal is derived based on the compared signal.
In practice, in order to measure the gas flow rate by ultrasonic waves, it is necessary to calculate the forward and backward flow propagation time based on an ultrasonic signal generated by an ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic signal is a sine wave signal based on a zero point, and in many cases, a fixed threshold comparator is used in the prior art to determine the first wave at the time of receiving an echo. According to the flow calibration method provided by the embodiment of the application, the accuracy of generating the head wave of the STOP signal is ensured by adjusting the real-time amplification factor of the echo signal in real time, so that the measurement of the flight time of the ultrasonic wave is completed according to the STOP signal, and the accuracy of flight time calculation is improved due to the fact that a plurality of threshold values are simply set to determine the head wave moment compared with the prior art, and the accuracy of gas flow measurement based on the ultrasonic wave is improved.
In steps 11 and 12, a first ultrasonic transducer and a second ultrasonic transducer are mentioned, and during actual use, the first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonic transducer can perform mutual conversion of ultrasonic signal transmission and reception according to settings.
The main technical means of the flow calibration method provided by the embodiment of the present application is to execute the signal amplification processing procedure in step 13. The amplification process in step 13 is mainly performed by an amplifier circuit. In order to improve the signal accuracy in the amplification process, the amplified signal also needs to be subjected to targeted processing, which mainly includes threshold comparison and zero-crossing detection comparison, and the threshold comparison circuit and the zero-crossing detection comparator circuit are used for processing the amplified signal.
When the actual flow calibration is carried out, the signal comparison operation can be added, the STOP signal is analyzed and compared with the echo signal, and therefore the head wave of the STOP signal is consistent with the head wave of the echo signal. When the head waves are consistent, the adjustment and alignment of the echo signals can be completed due to the consistent sending and receiving periods of the ultrasonic signals, and then the subsequent calibration is completed.
In the signal amplification process of step 12, the echo signal is amplified by the first-stage amplifier circuit, and the amplified signal is respectively output to the PGA automatic gain circuit and the saturation amplifier circuit to be amplified by the second-stage amplifier circuit. The first-stage amplification circuit here is typically a charge amplifier circuit.
In implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the charge amplifier circuit includes:
the operational amplifier IC14A, the forward input end of the operational amplifier IC14A connects to the analog ground, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier IC14A connects to the echo signal RECEIVE, there are capacitor C39 and resistance R33 connected in parallel between the inverting input end of the operational amplifier IC14A and the output end of the operational amplifier IC 14A; the first control terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to the supply terminal 2V5 on the one hand and to signal ground via the capacitor C30 on the other hand, and the negative supply terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to signal ground via the capacitor C36 on the one hand and to the supply terminal-2V 5 on the other hand.
In fig. 2, RECEIVE is a raw echo signal generated by an ultrasonic sensor, C39 and R33 are feedback resistors and feedback capacitors, and the amplification factor of a charge amplifier is: and a is Q/C39, and Q is the amount of charge generated by the sensor.
As can be seen from the processing contents in step 12, the specific processing contents include:
121. the echo signal is subjected to primary amplification processing through a primary amplifier circuit;
122. and respectively outputting the amplified signals to a PGA automatic gain circuit and a saturation amplifying circuit for secondary amplification treatment to obtain amplified echo signals after secondary amplification.
The PGA agc circuit for performing the gain processing in step 122, as shown in fig. 3, includes:
an operational amplifier IC14A, an inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier IC14A is used for receiving an amplification result output by the first-stage amplifier circuit, a forward input terminal of an operational amplifier IC14A is connected to an analog ground, a first control terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to a power supply terminal 2V 4 and is connected to a signal ground through a capacitor C30, a second control terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to the power supply terminal-2V 5 on one hand and is connected to the signal ground through a capacitor C36 on the other hand, a capacitor C8652 and a resistor R33 which are connected in parallel are further arranged between an output terminal and an inverting input terminal of a comparator IC14A, an output terminal of the comparator IC14A is connected to an INMR pin of a programmable gain amplifier IC10 through a capacitor C390, and the INMR pin is connected to the signal ground through a;
pin INPR of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is sequentially connected to signal ground through capacitor C22 and resistor R11, pin OFSN of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is sequentially connected to signal ground through capacitor C18, resistor R12 and resistor R13, resistor R12 is provided between pin OFSN and pin VAGC, pin VBAT of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to power supply terminal 3V0, and is simultaneously connected to signal ground through capacitor C170 and capacitor C17 which are connected in parallel, pin OFSN and pin VREF are simultaneously connected to signal ground through capacitor C16, pin EPAD is connected to digital ground, pin DETO and COMM of programmable gain amplifier IC10 are connected to signal ground,
pin OUTP of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 2 of operational amplifier IC12, capacitor C26 is connected between pin OUTP and pin FBKP of programmable gain amplifier IC10, pin OUTM of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 3 of operational amplifier IC12, capacitor C29 is connected between pin OUTM and pin FBKM of programmable gain amplifier IC10, pin 1 of operational amplifier IC12 is connected to signal ground, pin 7 of operational amplifier IC12 is connected to power supply terminal 2V5, and is also connected to signal ground through capacitor C23, and pin 5 and pin 6 of operational amplifier IC12 are also connected to capacitor C28;
pin GAIN of the programmable GAIN amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 1 of the digital-to-analog converter IC13, pin 1 of the IC13 is further connected to signal ground via a resistor R28, pin 2 of the IC13 is connected to signal ground, pin 3 of the IC13 is connected to the power supply terminal 3V0, and is also connected to signal ground via a capacitor C33, pin 6 of the IC13 is connected to signal ground, and pins 4 and 5 of the IC13 are connected to the power supply terminal 3V0 via a resistor R31 and a resistor R32, respectively.
IC10 is a linear low-noise PGA, the maximum GAIN is 80dB, the working frequency range can reach 18MHz, the GAIN is controlled by the voltage of GAIN pin, and the IC13(DAC) in the circuit generates precise control voltage. IC12 is a unity gain differential to single ended operational amplifier.
The comparison processing procedure proposed in step 13 includes:
131. judging whether the waveform peak value of the amplified echo signal is in a preset interval or not in a comparator circuit;
132. if the peak value is within the preset interval, calculating the intermediate value of the two peaks, and setting the intermediate value as a compared threshold voltage through a DAC;
133. and if the peak value is outside the preset interval, performing DAC adjustment, and judging again based on the adjusted waveform peak value.
When the PGA is operated for the first time, a proper gain value is preset for the PGA through the DAC, a proper threshold voltage is preset for the comparator through the DAC, when downstream flow is measured, the waveform of an echo is collected through the ADC, data analysis is carried out on the waveform, whether the size of the echo is 650-750 mV is firstly seen, if not, the gain of the PGA is controlled through adjusting the value of the DAC, the waveform under different conditions is kept at 650-750 mV, the peak value difference of a first wave and a second wave is analyzed through data sampled by the ADC, the threshold voltage of the comparator is set to the middle level of the peak values of the first wave and the second wave, and therefore when the waveform shakes, the threshold level has enough margin and cannot cause wrong waves.
The comparison process performed in step 132 includes a threshold comparison circuit and a zero crossing detection circuit, where the threshold comparison circuit is shown in fig. 4 and includes:
the inverting input end of the amplifier U11 is connected with a signal ground through a resistor R204 and a resistor R22, one end, far away from the signal ground, of the resistor R22 is further connected with the output end TP58 of the PGA automatic gain circuit, the forward input end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C201, two ends of the capacitor C201 are connected with a resistor R206 in parallel, and one end, far away from the signal ground, of the resistor R206 is further connected with a power supply end 3V0 through a resistor R205; the first control end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the power supply end 3V0, the first control end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C202 on one hand and is connected with an offset pin on the other hand, the output end of the amplifier U11 is also connected with an AINP pin of an analog-to-digital converter U12 through a resistor R207, and the output end of the amplifier U11 is also connected with the reverse input end of an amplifier U11 through a resistor R203;
an AINP pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is further connected with a signal ground through a capacitor C203, an AINM pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the ground through a resistor R208, an SDO pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R210 and a capacitor C205, an SCLK pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R209 and a capacitor C205, a DVDD pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with a power supply terminal 3V0 through a resistor R222, an AVDD pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with a power supply terminal 3V0 through a resistor R223, and a capacitor C204; the AINP pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is also connected with the positive input end of a comparator IC7A through a capacitor C211;
the first control end of the comparator IC7A is connected with the power supply end 2V5 on the one hand and is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C90 on the other hand, the second control end of the comparator IC7A is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C9 on the one hand and is connected with the power supply end-2V 5 on the other hand, and the output end of the comparator IC7A is sequentially connected with the signal ground through resistors R16 and R8; the reverse input end of the comparator IC7A is connected with a pin 1 of a digital-to-analog converter U10 through a resistor R211, a pin 2 and a pin 6 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 are connected with a signal ground, a pin 3 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C206, two ends of the capacitor C206 are connected with a capacitor C226 in parallel, and the other end, far away from the grounding end, of the capacitor C206 is connected with a power supply end 3V 0.
Wherein TP58 is the PGA output waveform, U11 is the unity gain amplifier, which is here mainly an ADC as input buffer to adjust the impedance. The gain can be adjusted by R203 and R204. U12 is an ADC with the highest sampling frequency reaching 3MHz, the data of the echo is sampled by the ADC, the MCU can carry out data analysis to ensure that the gain is controlled so that the peak value of the echo is kept between 650 and 750mV, meanwhile, the middle level of the peak value of the first wave and the peak value of the second wave can also be analyzed, and then the value is set as the threshold voltage of a comparator (IC7) through a U10 (DAC).
Optionally, the zero-crossing detection comparator circuit comprises
A comparator IC5A, wherein the inverting input terminal of the comparator IC5A is connected with the output terminal TP51 of the primary amplifier circuit through a resistor R14 and a capacitor C24, and the positive input terminal of the comparator IC5A is connected with one end of the capacitor C24 far away from the TP51 through a resistor R15 and is connected with a signal ground; the first control end of the comparator IC5A is connected with the power supply end 2V5, and the second control end of the comparator IC5A is connected with the power supply end-2V 5 and is connected with the signal ground through the capacitor C19; the output end of the comparator IC5A is electrically connected with the positive input end of the comparator IC7B through a capacitor C8;
the positive input end of the comparator IC7B is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R3, the output end of the comparator IC7B is connected with the emitter of a triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R9, and a resistor R10 is connected between the base and the emitter of a triode Q1 in parallel; a signal terminal TP61 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and a resistor R6 and a capacitor C12 are connected in parallel between the signal terminal TP61 and the signal ground.
Wherein TP51 is the output of the first stage amplifier, which is coupled into IC5 through C24, the IC gain is controlled by R14 and R4, where the gain is as large as possible, preferably the first echo in the output waveform is saturated. When a zero-crossing comparator is used for generating a STOP signal, a generated pulse signal is influenced by the magnitude of an input signal, the larger the signal is, the closer the slope at the zero crossing is to 90 degrees, so that the error is smaller, and therefore, a saturation amplifying circuit needs to be additionally designed.
Optionally, the obtaining a STOP signal based on the compared signal includes:
in the STOP signal circuit, interference due to noise is masked based on the output result, and an adjusted STOP signal is obtained. The STOP signal generated by the threshold comparator also has the STOP signal generated after the zero-crossing comparator, and the error of the STOP signal generated by the zero-crossing comparator is known to be smaller (the slope is close to 90 degrees); however, zero-crossing detection can also generate output pulses along with noise in signals, so that an actual STOP signal cannot be judged, and therefore a circuit for selecting the zero-crossing STOP signal by using a threshold STOP signal needs to be added, and then the zero-crossing STOP signal is sent to a GP22 chip for flight time detection.
As shown in fig. 5, the STOP signal circuit includes:
a monostable resonator IC9, wherein a pin 2 of a monostable resonator IC9 receives a STOP2 signal generated by a threshold comparator circuit, a pin 7 of the monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a power supply end 2V5 through a resistor R17, a pin 6 of a monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a signal ground on one hand and is connected with the pin 7 through a capacitor C20 on the other hand, and a pin 8 of the monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a power supply end 2V5 on the one hand and is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C371 on the other hand; pin 5 of the monostable resonator IC9 is provided with an output terminal TP59, the output terminal TP59 is connected to a first input terminal of the and chip IC1, a second input terminal of the and chip IC1 is used for receiving a STOP1 signal generated by the zero-crossing comparator, a first control terminal of the and chip IC1 is connected to the power supply terminal 2V5 on the one hand, and is connected to the signal ground through a capacitor C373 on the other hand, a second control terminal of the and chip IC1 is connected to the signal ground, and an output terminal TP62 used for outputting the adjusted STOP signal is connected to an output terminal of the and chip IC 1.
In the implementation, the IC9 is a monostable resonator, the input trigger signal is a STOP2 signal generated by a threshold comparator, and the pulse width of the output end of the TP59 is controlled by R17 and C20; the IC is an AND gate chip, and the STOP1 signal generated by the zero-crossing comparator is AND-operated with the output of the resonator, and because the phases of the STOPs generated by the two paths are basically consistent, the STOP signal generated by noise can be well shielded by using the monostable waveform generated by the STOP2 when the AND-operation is performed with the STOP1, so that the correct STOP signal is obtained.
Based on the processing principle of step 13 and the schematic circuit structures, a processing flow including the aforementioned circuit shown in fig. 6 is also proposed, in which the GP22 module performs a final gas flow metering flow according to the STOP signal obtained after the processing.
The GP22 module adopts GP22 as a TDC timing chip, MSP430F5419 is selected as an MCU controller, the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic sensor is 220kHz, and the ultrasonic flow channel L is 70 mm. During downstream measurement, the GP22 generates FIRE driving pulses, which pass through the ultrasonic driving circuit and then pass through the switch module 1, the ultrasonic driving module drives the downstream sensor, the upstream sensor generates ultrasonic echo signals, which are transmitted to the ultrasonic signal processing module circuit through the switch module 2, and then the signals are sent back to the GP22 for time measurement. During the countercurrent measurement, the GP22 generates FIRE driving pulse, the ultrasonic driving module drives the countercurrent sensor after the FIRE driving pulse passes through the ultrasonic driving circuit, at the moment, the downstream sensor generates an ultrasonic echo signal and transmits the ultrasonic echo signal to the ultrasonic signal processing module circuit, and then the time measurement is carried out on the signal returned to GP 22. And after the flight time of forward flow and reverse flow is measured, calculating the flow passing through the flow channel according to a time difference method.
The sequence numbers in the above embodiments are merely for description, and do not represent the sequence of the assembly or the use of the components.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving a driving pulse output by a micro control unit, controlling a first ultrasonic transducer to transmit an ultrasonic signal based on the driving pulse, and receiving the ultrasonic signal by a second ultrasonic transducer corresponding to the first ultrasonic transducer to generate an echo signal;
performing signal amplification processing on the echo signal output by the second ultrasonic sensor to obtain an amplified echo signal;
transmitting the amplified echo signal to a comparator circuit to obtain a compared signal output by the comparator circuit;
a STOP signal is derived based on the compared signal.
2. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 1, wherein the flow calibration method further comprises:
and analyzing the STOP signal and comparing the STOP signal with the echo signal to ensure that the head wave of the STOP signal is consistent with the head wave of the echo signal.
3. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 1, wherein the performing signal amplification processing on the echo signal output by the second ultrasonic sensor to obtain an amplified echo signal includes:
the echo signal is subjected to primary amplification processing through a primary amplifier circuit;
and respectively outputting the amplified signals to a PGA automatic gain circuit and a saturation amplifying circuit for secondary amplification treatment to obtain amplified echo signals after secondary amplification.
4. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 3, wherein the step of outputting the amplified signals to the PGA automatic gain circuit and the saturation amplification circuit respectively for a second-stage amplification process to obtain a second-stage amplified echo signal comprises:
carrying out secondary amplification processing on the amplified echo signal after the primary amplification in a PGA automatic gain circuit to obtain an amplified echo signal; and
and amplifying the first-stage amplified echo signal in a saturated amplifying circuit to obtain an amplified echo signal.
5. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 4, wherein the PGA automatic gain circuit comprises:
an operational amplifier IC14A, an inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier IC14A is used for receiving an amplification result output by the first-stage amplifier circuit, a forward input terminal of an operational amplifier IC14A is connected to an analog ground, a first control terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to a power supply terminal 2V 4 and is connected to a signal ground through a capacitor C30, a second control terminal of the operational amplifier IC14A is connected to the power supply terminal-2V 5 on one hand and is connected to the signal ground through a capacitor C36 on the other hand, a capacitor C8652 and a resistor R33 which are connected in parallel are further arranged between an output terminal and an inverting input terminal of a comparator IC14A, an output terminal of the comparator IC14A is connected to an INMR pin of a programmable gain amplifier IC10 through a capacitor C390, and the INMR pin is connected to the signal ground through a;
pin INPR of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is sequentially connected to signal ground through capacitor C22 and resistor R11, pin OFSN of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is sequentially connected to signal ground through capacitor C18, resistor R12 and resistor R13, resistor R12 is provided between pin OFSN and pin VAGC, pin VBAT of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to power supply terminal 3V0, and is simultaneously connected to signal ground through capacitor C170 and capacitor C17 which are connected in parallel, pin OFSN and pin VREF are simultaneously connected to signal ground through capacitor C16, pin EPAD is connected to digital ground, pin DETO and COMM of programmable gain amplifier IC10 are connected to signal ground,
pin OUTP of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 2 of operational amplifier IC12, capacitor C26 is connected between pin OUTP and pin FBKP of programmable gain amplifier IC10, pin OUTM of programmable gain amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 3 of operational amplifier IC12, capacitor C29 is connected between pin OUTM and pin FBKM of programmable gain amplifier IC10, pin 1 of operational amplifier IC12 is connected to signal ground, pin 7 of operational amplifier IC12 is connected to power supply terminal 2V5, and is also connected to signal ground through capacitor C23, and pin 5 and pin 6 of operational amplifier IC12 are also connected to capacitor C28;
pin GAIN of the programmable GAIN amplifier IC10 is connected to pin 1 of the digital-to-analog converter IC13, pin 1 of the IC13 is further connected to signal ground via a resistor R28, pin 2 of the IC13 is connected to signal ground, pin 3 of the IC13 is connected to the power supply terminal 3V0, and is also connected to signal ground via a capacitor C33, pin 6 of the IC13 is connected to signal ground, and pins 4 and 5 of the IC13 are connected to the power supply terminal 3V0 via a resistor R31 and a resistor R32, respectively.
6. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting the amplified echo signal to the comparator circuit to obtain a compared signal output by the comparator circuit comprises:
judging whether the waveform peak value of the amplified echo signal is in a preset interval or not in a comparator circuit;
if the peak value is within the preset interval, calculating the intermediate value of the two peaks, and setting the intermediate value as a compared threshold voltage through a DAC;
and if the peak value difference is outside the preset interval, performing DAC adjustment, and processing the peak value difference by means of ADC sampling.
7. The flow calibration method for an ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 6, wherein the comparator circuit, including the threshold comparator circuit, includes:
the inverting input end of the amplifier U11 is connected with a signal ground through a resistor R204 and a resistor R22, one end, far away from the signal ground, of the resistor R22 is further connected with the output end TP58 of the PGA automatic gain circuit, the forward input end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C201, two ends of the capacitor C201 are connected with a resistor R206 in parallel, and one end, far away from the signal ground, of the resistor R206 is further connected with a power supply end 3V0 through a resistor R205; the first control end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the power supply end 3V0, the first control end of the amplifier U11 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C202 on one hand and is connected with an offset pin on the other hand, the output end of the amplifier U11 is also connected with an AINP pin of an analog-to-digital converter U12 through a resistor R207, and the output end of the amplifier U11 is also connected with the reverse input end of an amplifier U11 through a resistor R203;
an AINP pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is further connected with a signal ground through a capacitor C203, an AINM pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the ground through a resistor R208, an SDO pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R210 and a capacitor C205, an SCLK pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R209 and a capacitor C205, a DVDD pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with a power supply terminal 3V0 through a resistor R222, an AVDD pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected with a power supply terminal 3V0 through a resistor R223, and a capacitor C204; the AINP pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is also connected with the positive input end of a comparator IC7A through a capacitor C211;
the first control end of the comparator IC7A is connected with the power supply end 2V5 on the one hand and is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C90 on the other hand, the second control end of the comparator IC7A is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C9 on the one hand and is connected with the power supply end-2V 5 on the other hand, and the output end of the comparator IC7A is sequentially connected with the signal ground through resistors R16 and R8; the reverse input end of the comparator IC7A is connected with a pin 1 of a digital-to-analog converter U10 through a resistor R211, a pin 2 and a pin 6 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 are connected with a signal ground, a pin 3 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C206, two ends of the capacitor C206 are connected with a capacitor C226 in parallel, and the other end, far away from the grounding end, of the capacitor C206 is connected with a power supply end 3V 0.
8. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 6, wherein the comparator circuit, including a zero-crossing detection comparator circuit, includes:
a comparator IC5A, wherein the inverting input terminal of the comparator IC5A is connected with the output terminal TP51 of the primary amplifier circuit through a resistor R14 and a capacitor C24, and the positive input terminal of the comparator IC5A is connected with one end of the capacitor C24 far away from the TP51 through a resistor R15 and is connected with a signal ground; the first control end of the comparator IC5A is connected with the power supply end 2V5, and the second control end of the comparator IC5A is connected with the power supply end-2V 5 and is connected with the signal ground through the capacitor C19; the output end of the comparator IC5A is electrically connected with the positive input end of the comparator IC7B through a capacitor C8;
the positive input end of the comparator IC7B is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R3, the output end of the comparator IC7B is connected with the emitter of a triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the signal ground through a resistor R9, and a resistor R10 is connected between the base and the emitter of a triode Q1 in parallel; a signal terminal TP61 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q1, and a resistor R6 and a capacitor C12 are connected in parallel between the signal terminal TP61 and the signal ground.
9. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the STOP signal for determining the echo signal time based on the compared signal includes:
in the STOP signal circuit, interference due to noise is masked based on the output result, and an adjusted STOP signal is obtained.
10. The flow calibration method for the ultrasonic gas meter according to claim 1, wherein the STOP signal circuit includes:
a monostable resonator IC9, wherein a pin 2 of a monostable resonator IC9 receives a STOP2 signal generated by a threshold comparator circuit, a pin 7 of the monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a power supply end 2V5 through a resistor R17, a pin 6 of a monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a signal ground on one hand and is connected with the pin 7 through a capacitor C20 on the other hand, and a pin 8 of the monostable resonator IC9 is connected with a power supply end 2V5 on the one hand and is connected with the signal ground through a capacitor C371 on the other hand;
pin 5 of the monostable resonator IC9 is provided with an output terminal TP59, the output terminal TP59 is connected to a first input terminal of the and chip IC1, a second input terminal of the and chip IC1 is used for receiving a STOP1 signal generated by the zero-crossing comparator, a first control terminal of the and chip IC1 is connected to the power supply terminal 2V5 on the one hand, and is connected to the signal ground through a capacitor C373 on the other hand, a second control terminal of the and chip IC1 is connected to the signal ground, and an output terminal TP62 used for outputting the adjusted STOP signal is connected to an output terminal of the and chip IC 1.
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