CN111118364B - Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly age-strengthened and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly age-strengthened and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened and a preparation method thereof. The components and weight fraction Y: 3.7-4.3 wt%, Nd: 2.0-2.5 wt%, Gd: 0.4 to 1.9 wt%, Zr: 0.4 to 0.6 wt%, Li: 0.5-1.5 wt%, and the balance of magnesium and impurities. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, taking magnesium, Mg-Y, Mg-Nd, Mg-Gd, Mg-Zr and Li in proportion, and drying the raw materials except the Li; melting magnesium into liquid; adding magnesium liquid into the raw materials except Li and heating; cooling after melting, adding Li and stirring to obtain a melt; heating the melt, and casting magnesium alloy; magnesium alloy solid solution and water quenching; and carrying out aging treatment after solid solution to obtain the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy. By adding Li, the precipitation of a strengthening phase in the aging process is promoted, the aging treatment time is shortened, and the rapid aging strengthening is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The magnesium (Mg) alloy has the advantages of low density, wide source, high specific strength, high specific stiffness and the like, is known as a green engineering material in the 21 st century, and has wide application prospect in the fields with higher requirements on light weight, such as aerospace, automobiles, rail transit, electronic industry and the like. At present, the great difficulty in limiting the application of magnesium alloy is that the strength is low and the requirement of engineering application is difficult to meet. Therefore, the development of a new high-strength magnesium alloy has a very important value.
Magnesium-rare earth alloys are an important development direction for high-strength magnesium alloys. Among magnesium-rare earth alloys, WE43 alloy (Mg-4Y-3RE) has good mechanical properties and aging strengthening effect, is widely applied in the field of aerospace, and is a high-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy which is successful at present. The WE43 alloy is an alloy that needs to be strengthened by heat treatment. The heat treatment of the alloy comprises solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the solution treatment aims to dissolve coarse second phases in the as-cast alloy into an alloy matrix to form a single supersaturated solid solution, and the aging treatment aims to promote the precipitation of uniformly dispersed precipitated phases in the supersaturated solid solution to achieve a remarkable strengthening effect. After the solid solution aging treatment, the mechanical property of the alloy can be greatly improved. However, one of the problems that plague magnesium-rare earth alloys such as WE43 in current applications is the slow diffusion rate of rare earth elements, the long required aging time, and the high energy and labor consumption. Taking the WE43 alloy as an example, the aging peak can be reached after about 16 hours of time at 225 ℃. If the aging time can be significantly reduced, the overall production cost of the WE43 alloy can be effectively reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened comprises the following components in percentage by weight: y: 3.7-4.3 wt%, Nd: 2.0-2.5 wt%, Gd: 0.4 to 1.9 wt%, Zr: 0.4 to 0.6 wt%, Li: 0.5-1.5 wt%, and the balance of Mg, and inevitable impurities.
Furthermore, Y is used as a first component, the addition of Y element can realize solid solution strengthening and aging precipitation strengthening of the magnesium alloy, the content of Y element is 3.7-4.3 wt%, the magnesium alloy can have good combination of strength and plasticity, the content of Y element is further increased, although the solid solution strengthening and aging precipitation strengthening of the magnesium alloy can be promoted to a certain extent, the plasticity and toughness of the magnesium alloy can be rapidly reduced, and simultaneously, the yield strength of the alloy is improved and the tensile strength is reduced due to the rapid reduction of the plasticity of the alloy.
Furthermore, Nd is adopted as a second component, and the addition of Nd can realize the solid solution strengthening and the aging precipitation strengthening of the magnesium alloy.
Further, Gd is adopted as a third component, and the solid solution strengthening and aging precipitation strengthening of the magnesium alloy can be realized by adding Gd element.
Further, Zr is adopted as a fourth component, Zr element is an effective refiner in the magnesium alloy, and the addition of Zr element can effectively refine the solidification structure of the alloy.
Furthermore, Li is adopted as a fifth component, the addition of Li can promote the precipitation of a strengthening phase in the aging process, shorten the time required by the aging treatment, realize the rapid aging strengthening, and the Li content is designed to be 0.5-1.5 wt%, so that the requirement for promoting the precipitation can be completely met. Further increasing the Li content not only can not improve the precipitation effect, but also can cause the magnesium alloy matrix to become soft because a large amount of Li atoms are dissolved in the magnesium alloy matrix in a solid way, so that the deformation resistance is reduced, the integral strength of the alloy is reduced, and the negative effect on precipitation strengthening is generated.
A preparation method of Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened comprises the following steps:
(1) at SF6And CO2Weighing pure Mg, Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy, Mg-Zr intermediate alloy and vacuum packaging Li rods according to the proportion under the condition of keeping the mixed gas, and drying the raw materials except the Li rods;
(2) melting the dried pure Mg to form magnesium liquid;
(3) adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy and Mg-Zr intermediate alloy into the magnesium liquid and heating;
(4) cooling after the intermediate alloy is melted, adding a Li rod, and stirring to obtain a melt;
(5) heating the melt, skimming dross on the surface and casting a magnesium alloy ingot;
(6) solid dissolving and water quenching the magnesium alloy ingot;
(7) and carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot after solid solution to obtain the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy.
Further, the drying temperature in the step (1) is 180-.
Further, in the step (2), the melting is carried out by using a crucible resistance furnace.
Further, the heating temperature in the step (3) is 700-.
Further, in the step (4), the temperature is reduced to 670-680 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted.
Further, the heating temperature in the step (5) is 730-750 ℃, and the heating is kept for 5-15 minutes.
Further, the solid solution temperature in the step (6) is 500-525 ℃, and the solid solution time is 6-20 hours.
Further, the time of the aging treatment in the step (7) is 4-8 hours, and the temperature of the aging treatment is 225 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the Li element is added into the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy, so that the precipitation of a strengthening phase in the aging process is promoted, the aging treatment time is shortened, and the rapid aging strengthening is realized; due to the low density of Li, the addition of Li can reduce the density of the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy to a certain extent, and further highlight the advantage of light weight; the preparation method is simple and convenient.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated in detail with reference to the following specific examples:
example 1
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened comprises the following components in percentage by weight: y: 3.7 wt%, Nd: 2.5 wt%, Gd: 1.9 wt%, Zr: 0.5 wt%, Li: 0.5 wt%, the balance being Mg, and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) at SF6And CO2Weighing pure Mg, Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy, Mg-Zr intermediate alloy and a vacuum packaging Li rod according to the proportion under the condition of keeping the mixed gas, and drying the raw materials except the Li rod for 3 hours at 180 ℃; (2) putting the dried pure Mg into a crucible resistance furnace to be melted to form magnesium liquid; (3) adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy and Mg-Zr intermediate alloy into magnesium liquid and heating to 700 ℃; (4) cooling to 670 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adding the weighed Li rod, and stirring to obtain a melt; (5) heating the melt to 730 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 10 minutes, and then skimming the scum on the surface and casting a magnesium alloy ingot; (6) carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot at the temperature of 500 ℃ for 20 hours, and carrying out water quenching; (7) solid solutionAnd (3) carrying out aging treatment on the treated magnesium alloy ingot at 225 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy.
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy can reach peak value aging only in 8 hours when the alloy is aged at 225 ℃, the aging peak value hardness is 91HV, and the room temperature tensile mechanical property of the alloy in a T6 state is as follows: the yield strength is 171MPa, the tensile strength is 285MPa, the elongation is 9.1%, the Li-free Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy with the same weight fraction needs 16 hours to reach the peak ageing at 225 ℃, the ageing peak hardness is 90HV, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the ageing state is as follows: yield strength
173MPa, tensile strength of 284MPa and elongation of 9.0 percent. The comparison shows that the aging peak hardness and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy and the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy in the aging state are basically equivalent, but the addition of Li shortens the time required by the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy to reach the peak aging to be half of the time required by the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy.
Example 2
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened comprises the following components in percentage by weight: y: 4.0 wt%, Nd: 2.3 wt%, Gd: 0.4 wt%, Zr: 0.6 wt%, Li: 1.0 wt%, the balance being Mg, and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) at SF6And CO2Weighing pure Mg, Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy, Mg-Zr intermediate alloy and a vacuum packaging Li rod according to the proportion under the condition of keeping the mixed gas, and drying the raw materials except the Li rod for 2 hours at 210 ℃; (2) putting the dried pure Mg into a crucible resistance furnace to be melted to form magnesium liquid; (3) adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy and Mg-Zr intermediate alloy into magnesium liquid and heating to 740 ℃; (4) after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, cooling to 675 ℃, adding a weighed Li rod, and stirring to obtain a melt; (5) heating the melt to 750 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5 minutes, then skimming the scum on the surface and casting a magnesium alloy ingot; (6) carrying out solution treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot at 510 ℃ for 12 hours, and carrying out water quenching; (7) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment at 225 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy.
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy can reach peak value aging only in 6 hours when the alloy is aged at 225 ℃, the aging peak value hardness is 97HV, and the room temperature tensile mechanical property in the T6 state is as follows: the yield strength is 183MPa, the tensile strength is 297MPa, the elongation is 7.7%, the aging time of the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy without Li in the same weight fraction is 16 hours at 225 ℃, the aging peak hardness is 96HV, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property in the aging state is as follows: the yield strength is 182MPa, the tensile strength is 295MPa, and the elongation is 7.5 percent. The comparison shows that the aging peak hardness and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the aged Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy and the aged Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy are basically equivalent, but the addition of Li shortens the time required by the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy to reach the peak aging to 3/8 of the time required by the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy.
Example 3
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened comprises the following components in percentage by weight: y: 4.3 wt%, Nd: 2.0 wt%, Gd: 1.1 wt%, Zr: 0.4 wt%, Li: 1.5 wt%, the balance being Mg, and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) at SF6And CO2Weighing pure Mg, Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy, Mg-Zr intermediate alloy and a vacuum packaging Li rod according to the proportion under the condition of keeping the mixed gas, and drying the raw materials except the Li rod for 1 hour at 250 ℃; (2) putting the dried pure Mg into a crucible resistance furnace to be melted to form magnesium liquid; (3) adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy and Mg-Zr intermediate alloy into magnesium liquid and heating to 720 ℃; (4) cooling to 680 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adding the weighed Li rod, and stirring to obtain a melt; (5) heating the melt to 740 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and then skimming the scum on the surface and casting a magnesium alloy ingot; (6) carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot at the temperature of 525 ℃ for 6 hours, and carrying out water quenching; (7) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment at 225 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy.
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy can reach peak value aging only in 4 hours when the alloy is aged at 225 ℃, the aging peak value hardness is 105HV, and the room temperature tensile mechanical property in the T6 state is as follows: the yield strength is 202MPa, the tensile strength is 310MPa, the elongation is 5.6%, the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy without Li with the same weight fraction needs 16 hours to reach the peak value ageing when being aged at 225 ℃, the ageing peak value hardness is 103HV, and the room temperature tensile mechanical property in the ageing state is as follows: the yield strength is 203MPa, the tensile strength is 308MPa, and the elongation is 5.4%. The comparison shows that the aging peak hardness and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the aged Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy and the aged Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy are basically equivalent, but the addition of Li shortens the time required by the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy to reach the peak aging to 1/4 of the time required by the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy.
Comparative example 1
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened comprises the following components in percentage by weight: y: 6.5 wt%, Nd: 2.0 wt%, Gd: 1.1 wt%, Zr: 0.4 wt%, Li: 5.5 wt%, the balance being Mg, and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) at SF6And CO2Weighing pure Mg, Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy, Mg-Zr intermediate alloy and a vacuum packaging Li rod according to the proportion under the condition of keeping the mixed gas, and drying the raw materials except the Li rod for 1 hour at 250 ℃; (2) putting the dried pure Mg into a crucible resistance furnace to be melted to form magnesium liquid; (3) adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy and Mg-Zr intermediate alloy into magnesium liquid and heating to 720 ℃; (4) cooling to 680 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adding the weighed Li rod, and stirring to obtain a melt; (5) heating the melt to 740 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and then skimming the scum on the surface and casting a magnesium alloy ingot; (6) carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot at the temperature of 525 ℃ for 6 hours, and carrying out water quenching; (7) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment at 225 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy.
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy has no obvious age hardening phenomenon after aging at 225 ℃, the hardness is only 56HV after aging for 16 hours at 225 ℃, and the tensile mechanical property at room temperature is as follows: the yield strength is 132MPa, the tensile strength is 187MPa, the elongation is 8.1%, the Li-free Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy with the same weight fraction needs 16 hours to reach the peak ageing at 225 ℃, the ageing peak hardness is 110HV, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical properties of the ageing state are as follows: the yield strength is 220MPa, the tensile strength is 253MPa, and the elongation is 3.1%. The comparison shows that excessive Li addition does not play a role in promoting precipitation strengthening, but reduces the overall strength of the alloy; and the Y content is too high, which is not beneficial to improving the overall performance of the alloy.
Comparative example 2
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened comprises the following components in percentage by weight: y: 4.3 wt%, Nd: 2.0 wt%, Gd: 1.1 wt%, Zr: 0.4 wt%, Li: 1.5 wt%, the balance being Mg, and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) at SF6And CO2Weighing pure Mg, Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy, Mg-Zr intermediate alloy and a vacuum packaging Li rod according to the proportion under the condition of keeping the mixed gas, and drying the raw materials except the Li rod for 1 hour at 250 ℃; (2) putting the dried pure Mg into a crucible resistance furnace to be melted to form magnesium liquid; (3) adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy and a Li rod into magnesium liquid and heating to 720 ℃; (4) cooling to 680 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adding Mg-Zr intermediate alloy, and stirring to obtain a melt; (5) heating the melt to 740 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and then skimming the scum on the surface and casting a magnesium alloy ingot; (6) carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot at the temperature of 525 ℃ for 6 hours, and carrying out water quenching; (7) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment at 225 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy.
The Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy can reach peak value aging only in 10 hours when being aged at 225 ℃, the aging peak value hardness is 102HV, and the room temperature tensile mechanical property in the T6 state is as follows: yield strength 198MPa, tensile strength 305MPa, elongation 5.2%, while the same weight fraction Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy without Li needs 16 hours to reach peak ageing at 225 ℃, the ageing peak hardness is 103HV, and the room-temperature tensile mechanical properties in the ageing state are as follows: the yield strength is 203MPa, the tensile strength is 308MPa, and the elongation is 5.4%. The comparison shows that the aging peak hardness and the room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the aging Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy and the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy are basically equivalent, and because Li is added too early, a large amount of Li element volatilizes, the actual content of Li is reduced, and the time for reaching the peak aging is prolonged.
The above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention. Obvious variations or modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rapid aging strengthening Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy is characterized in that the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: y: 3.7-4.3 wt%, Nd: 2.0-2.5 wt%, Gd: 0.4 to 1.9 wt%, Zr: 0.4 to 0.6 wt%, Li: 0.5-1.5 wt%, and the balance of Mg, and inevitable impurities.
2. A method for preparing the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of rapid aging strengthening according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) at SF6And CO2Under the protection of mixed gas, weighing pure Mg, Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy, Mg-Zr intermediate alloy and vacuum packaging Li rods according to the proportion, and drying the raw materials except the Li rods;
(2) melting the dried pure Mg to form magnesium liquid;
(3) adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Gd intermediate alloy and Mg-Zr intermediate alloy into the magnesium liquid and heating;
(4) cooling after the intermediate alloy is melted, adding a Li rod, and stirring to obtain a melt;
(5) heating the melt, skimming dross on the surface and casting a magnesium alloy ingot;
(6) solid dissolving and water quenching the magnesium alloy ingot;
(7) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot after solid solution to obtain Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy;
the time of the aging treatment in the step (7) is 4-8 hours, and the temperature of the aging treatment is 225 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly age-strengthened according to the claim 2, wherein the drying temperature in the step (1) is 180-250 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 hours.
4. The method for preparing the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of realizing rapid aging strengthening according to the claim 2, characterized in that the melting in the step (2) is performed by using a crucible resistance furnace.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating temperature in step (3) is 700-740 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of being rapidly age-strengthened according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the step (4) is reduced to 670-680 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted.
7. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating temperature in step (5) is 730-750 ℃, and the heating temperature is maintained for 5-15 minutes.
8. The method for preparing the Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-Li alloy capable of achieving the rapid aging strengthening according to the claim 2, characterized in that the solid solution temperature in the step (6) is 500-525 ℃, and the solid solution time is 6-20 hours.
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