CN111118267B - Isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace production line using oil or oil-atmosphere as quenching medium - Google Patents
Isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace production line using oil or oil-atmosphere as quenching medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN111118267B CN111118267B CN202010058660.0A CN202010058660A CN111118267B CN 111118267 B CN111118267 B CN 111118267B CN 202010058660 A CN202010058660 A CN 202010058660A CN 111118267 B CN111118267 B CN 111118267B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
- C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace production line taking oil or oil-atmosphere as a quenching medium, which comprises the following steps: a heating chamber for heating the workpiece to austenite temperature, an isothermal chamber for isothermal transformation of the workpiece, an oil pool for cooling the workpiece to Bs temperature, and a multipurpose front chamber; the front chamber comprises a front furnace door for entering and exiting the workpiece, a transfer door communicated with the isothermal chamber and a middle door communicated with the heating chamber; the heating chamber adopts a radiant tube as a heater and is also provided with a stirring circulating fan; the front furnace door is provided with a fire curtain combustion device; a lifter vertically descending into the oil pool is arranged in the front chamber; a feeding track for moving the workpieces according to a set line is arranged among the heating chamber, the front chamber and the isothermal chamber, and the elevator is lifted and is butted with the feeding track to transfer the workpieces. The equipment is provided with a carbon potential control system and is suitable for carburizing, carbonitriding, quenching, annealing, isothermal and other heat treatments which need controllable atmosphere in the heating and quenching processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic oil or oil-atmosphere isothermal quenching equipment, in particular to an isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace production line using oil or oil-atmosphere as an isothermal quenching medium under a controllable atmosphere condition.
Background
Isothermal quenching heat treatment has been attracting much attention as a stable process for controlling the uniformity of the structural properties of materials, and in particular, in order to improve the effect of isothermal quenching, systematic research is carried out on the design of a quenching process and a salt bath in the industry, and even the quenching effect is satisfied by improving a quenching medium.
In order to achieve the quenching effect of heat treatment, parts and high-temperature metal materials are immersed into a salt bath through a transmission system, and are sent out of the salt bath through a transmission mechanism after quenching is finished. The traditional quenching mode has very high requirements on a transmission mechanism, particularly for salt bath quenching, a transmission shaft, a gear, a bearing and the like of the traditional quenching mode are soaked in high-temperature nitrate, very high requirements on the selection of materials and the manufacturing precision of the transmission shaft, the gear, the bearing and the like are provided, and the corrosion and the replacement of transmission parts in a salt bath are always the most urgent problems of salt bath heat treatment manufacturers.
In addition, the 'salt bath' quenching usually adopts equipment such as a salt bath furnace, a roller furnace and the like, or adopts a manual treatment method, and the cooling speed of the salt bath is slow. Due to the limitations of these factors, the size of the workpiece being machined is limited. Austempering is extremely difficult, especially for larger size workpieces.
In addition to the academic austempering process, a popular austempering process exists in folks, and the austenitized metal workpiece is maintained in a salt solution at a temperature below the Ms point at a moderate temperature for a long time to be converted into a martensite structure so as to obtain more ideal material properties. For example, the tool will have a certain toughness after the popular austempering, which prevents it from cracking.
However, neither the academic austempering process nor the popular austempering method can be used for carrying out isothermal transformation of metals by using a salt bath. However, this has a "fatal problem" to the metal workpiece, i.e., the cooling rate is slow 1. 2. The nitrate medium or the salt solution is easy to remain on the surface of the metal workpiece, especially in a gully-shaped structure, and the metal workpiece is easy to rust due to inconvenient cleaning. 3. Is not environment-friendly: salt bath steam pollutes the environment, and salt slag is difficult to treat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace using oil or oil-atmosphere as a quenching medium under the condition of controllable atmosphere is provided, and the limitations and hazards of the traditional salt bath quenching process are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace, called SFPID multipurpose furnace for short, using oil or oil-atmosphere as quenching medium under the condition of controllable atmosphere. It includes: a heating chamber, an isothermal chamber, a front chamber, an oil pool, a built-in push-pull vehicle system, an external push-pull robot system, an isothermal chamber control system, a production operation system and the like.
Wherein, the heating chamber, the oil pool, the front chamber and the isothermal chamber are communicated with each other. The ventilation chamber includes three pneumatically actuated chamber doors: the front door is a front furnace door for entering and exiting workpieces, the rear door is a middle door communicated with the heating chamber, the side door is a transfer door communicated with the isothermal chamber, and the two sets of pneumatic quenching mechanisms are arranged on the side door.
Therefore, the workpiece is heated to the austenite temperature in the heating chamber and then transferred to the oil pool for cooling, and the air exchange chamber above the oil pool can ensure the atmosphere above the oil liquid and the atmosphere in the workpiece transfer process.
And transferring the workpiece cooled to the temperature of the Bs point to an isothermal chamber for isothermal transformation, and finally realizing the isothermal quenching process.
Specifically, the lining of the heating chamber is a circular structure, the hearth is composed of ceramic fibers and anti-carburizing bricks, and the furnace door is thermally isolated by the ceramic fibers.
The heating chamber comprises a material tray which is made of cast high-temperature alloy and can resist high temperature.
The electrical heating system of the heating chamber uses radiant tubes as heaters (metal rod heating elements are encased in an alloy protective tube) which allows the heating elements to be replaced from outside the furnace body without the equipment being completely cooled down. The protective sleeve is made of cast high nickel alloy, and the heating element is supported by a ceramic bracket on the protective sleeve, so that the structural design can maintain the integrity and the consistent ductility of the heater.
Further, the furnace radiant tubes are optimally distributed on both sides of the hot zone. The heater is controlled (SCR) by a temperature controller and a silicon controlled rectifier power regulator, and is provided with a set of transformer to obtain safe heating voltage within the range of equipment.
And a set of stirring circulation fans of the atmosphere are also arranged in the heating chamber and used for providing atmosphere circulation of the heating chamber so as to accelerate the circulation of the atmosphere in the heating chamber and promote the atmosphere to penetrate through the workpiece from bottom to top.
Specifically, the antechamber is a passage for transferring the workpiece, and the antechamber allows safe replacement of the workpiece before entering the furnace. The front chamber is a full-welded sealing structure made of steel plates capable of bearing pressure, and the front door is made of thick steel plates and is arranged in an adjustable front door frame. Below the front door is a fire curtain combustion device that forms a combustion fire curtain when the front door is open to prevent air infiltration into the front chamber.
Two sets of stirring devices are arranged in the oil pool, so that the quenching circulation can be fully completed. And a guide plate is arranged in the oil tank and is used for enabling quenching oil to uniformly pass through the workpiece.
A double-layer elevator which vertically descends into the oil pool is also arranged in the front chamber. The lifter is driven by two sets of cylinders to realize lifting. Each layer of stations of the elevator is provided with a roller type track with the same structure as the furnace. During quenching, the rail rear drive transfers the workpiece to a front chamber; after confirming that the workpiece is transferred in place, the middle door is closed, and the elevator descends to start quenching.
Specifically, the isothermal chamber is made of a stainless steel plate capable of bearing certain pressure and is reinforced by section steel, so that the isothermal chamber can bear internal gas pressure. The isothermal chamber is insulated by an insulating layer with a certain thickness.
Air supply components for maintaining positive pressure are required to be arranged on the front chamber and the equal-temperature chamber, and the air charging quantity is controlled through an electromagnetic valve.
And a feeding track for moving workpieces is arranged among the heating chamber, the front chamber and the isothermal chamber, the feeding track consists of a roller track and a slideway, and the feeding track leads to the oil pool from the heating chamber and then leads to the isothermal chamber from the oil pool. Thus, at the oil sump, the elevator is raised and docked with the feed rail to transfer the workpiece. And the feeding track forms a loading and unloading platform at the front door, namely a transfer robot. The transfer robot is made by welding a profile steel frame and is provided with two sets of guide rail supports with firm rollers. The transfer robot is also provided with an alarm sensing device, when the weight is abnormal, the position is abnormal or the transfer is not completed within the specified time in the transfer process, the system immediately sends out an alarm for abnormal transfer to remind an operator to intervene or process. The processed materials are transferred back and forth and left and right in the furnace, and the transferring modes can be different, but the purposes are the same.
The transfer robot is used for conveying workpieces and comprises a push zipper, a push pull hook, an electric driving mechanism, a manual driving mechanism and a platform for an operator to stand. The robot can be controlled by a touch screen operation control system in an operation room, and can also be manually operated by buttons on the robot, and the carrying and transferring processes are all automatic.
Further, the transfer robot is made of structural steel and reinforced with steel members. The transfer robot is provided with a workpiece driving device which comprises a heavy-load push-pull chain and is used for pushing and pulling workpieces. The chain is provided with rollers on both sides and runs on a track. The push chain enters the furnace only when the workpiece is conveyed, and is hidden under the workbench of the charging car when the push chain does not work. The drive is driven by a motor with a brake, and a safety pin is arranged between the drive and the motor to protect against overload. The bottom of the transfer trolley is arranged on a wheel with a flange, and the transfer trolley runs on the track by being driven by a motor speed reducer.
The structure is provided with a control system, and the control system specifically realizes three aspects of temperature control, atmosphere control and operation control.
The temperature control is realized by a heating chamber through a process controller and an S.C.R. power regulator, the temperature is controlled at a proper level, a series of thermocouples, thermometers and recorders are arranged in the heating chamber as execution elements, and the detected temperature value is fed back to the system for monitoring.
Meanwhile, the oil pool is also provided with a thermocouple and an oil pool temperature controller which are used for feeding back the temperature in the oil pool.
The atmosphere control is realized by an oxygen probe, and the carbon potential range in the furnace is controlled by controlling a propane enrichment system.
The production operating system is used for automation of operation, the operating system is divided into two parts, one part is integrated and placed in an operating room, the other part is respectively arranged on each device for manual operation, and the two parts of the operating system can be switched.
The invention has the advantages that: the SFPID multi-purpose furnace production line is an internal transfer type device, and is provided with a circulating fan, an alloy radiant tube electric heating system, a closed front chamber, a quenching oil tank and equal-temperature chambers. The equipment has the function of controlling the carbon potential, and is suitable for carburizing, carbonitriding, quenching, annealing, isothermal and other heat treatments which need controllable atmosphere in the heating and quenching processes. The concrete advantages include:
1. the processed materials are transferred back and forth and left and right in the furnace, and the transferring modes can be different, but the purposes are the same.
2. Breaks through the common practice of industrial quenching oil temperature, and increases the working temperature of the quenching oil to more than 300 ℃.
3. The inventive method uses oil or oil-atmosphere as isothermal quenching medium.
4. The oil or oil-atmosphere is used as the isothermal quenching medium to achieve or exceed the effect of salt as the isothermal quenching medium, the zero emission of the working environment is realized, the transfer process is stable and reliable, and the primary treatment capacity reaches the level of 1-3 tons.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a first structural layout diagram of an SFPID multi-purpose furnace;
FIG. 2 is a structural layout diagram II of the SFPID multi-purpose furnace;
FIG. 3 is a third structural layout diagram of the SFPID multi-purpose furnace.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention:
the SFPID multi-purpose furnace is an internal transfer type device, and is provided with a circulating fan, an alloy radiant tube electric heating system, a closed front chamber, a quenching oil tank and an isothermal chamber. The equipment has the function of controlling the carbon potential, and is suitable for carburizing, carbonitriding, quenching, annealing, isothermal and other heat treatments which need controllable atmosphere in the heating and quenching processes. The equipment is provided with a set of CP controllers for controlling the atmosphere in the furnace and a set of PLC and operation man-machine interfaces.
Example 2
The SFPID multipurpose furnace is provided with a set of PLC control program for automatic control. The heating furnace is connected with a process controller and an S.C.R. power regulator to control the temperature at a proper level, the atmosphere in the equipment is detected by an oxygen probe, and the carbon potential in the furnace is controlled by controlling a propane enrichment system.
The control program can complete important parameters and element states in the double-channel controller, display the parameters including process time, temperature, CP value, methanol instillation and the like on the display, and record the important parameters on the recorder.
Example 3
The SFPID multipurpose furnace is provided with a transfer robot, the transfer robot is used for carrying workpieces, and the SFPID multipurpose furnace comprises a push zipper, a push pull hook, an electric driving mechanism, a manual driving mechanism and a platform for an operator to stand. The push-pull chain has rollers on both sides and runs on the track. The push chain enters the furnace only when the workpiece is conveyed, and is hidden under the workbench of the charging car when the push chain does not work. The drive unit is driven by a motor with a brake. A safety pin is provided between the drive and the motor as overload protection. The transfer robot was mounted on flanged wheels and was driven by a motor reducer with brakes to run on a 60 pound track. The robot can be moved to the attached equipment, i.e. the washer, tempering furnace, loading and unloading platform.
The transfer robot can be controlled by a touch screen operation control system in an operation room, and can also be operated by buttons on the transfer robot, and the transfer process is automatic.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concepts disclosed herein be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An austempering multi-purpose furnace production line using oil or an oil-atmosphere as a quenching medium, comprising: the heating chamber is used for heating the workpiece to austenite temperature, and the oil pool is used for cooling the workpiece to Bs point temperature; the method is characterized in that: an isothermal chamber for isothermal transformation of the workpieces, and a front chamber for moving and transferring the workpieces; the front chamber is divided into an oil pool and a ventilation chamber above the oil pool; the antechamber includes: the front furnace door is communicated with the isothermal chamber, and the middle door is communicated with the heating chamber; a feeding track for moving the workpiece according to a set line is arranged among the heating chamber, the front chamber and the isothermal chamber, the elevator is lifted and is butted with the feeding track to transfer the workpiece, the heating chamber adopts a radiant tube as a heater, and a stirring circulating fan is also arranged in the heating chamber to enable atmosphere to pass through the workpiece from bottom to top;
a fire curtain combustion device is arranged on a front furnace door of the front chamber; the front chamber is also provided with a low-pressure nitrogen charging device; the front chamber is internally provided with a lifter which vertically descends into the oil pool;
a feeding track for moving the workpiece according to a set line is arranged among the heating chamber, the front chamber and the isothermal chamber; the elevator is lifted and is butted with the feeding device rail to transfer the workpiece;
the air exchange chamber is used for controlling the atmosphere above the oil liquid and in the workpiece transfer process;
the atmosphere control is realized by an oxygen probe, and the carbon potential range in the furnace is controlled by controlling a propane enrichment system.
2. The austempering multi-purpose furnace production line of claim 1, characterized in that: the system also comprises a control system; the control system comprises a temperature control unit and an atmosphere control unit; the executive component of the temperature control unit comprises a thermocouple, a thermometer and a recorder; the execution part of the atmosphere control unit comprises an oxygen probe and a nitrogen electromagnetic valve.
3. The austempering multi-purpose furnace production line of claim 1, characterized in that: a material tray for bearing a workpiece is arranged in the heating chamber; the top of the heating chamber is provided with a water cooling jacket; the heating chamber also comprises a dripping device.
4. The austempering multi-purpose furnace production line of claim 1, characterized in that: the heater is controlled by a temperature controller and a silicon controlled power regulator, and is provided with a transformer to obtain safe heating voltage in the range of equipment.
5. The austempering multi-purpose furnace production line of claim 1, characterized in that: also provided is a transfer robot for transferring a workpiece.
6. The austempering multi-purpose furnace production line of claim 1, characterized in that: the production operation system comprises a PLC control program which comprises a manual operation unit and an integrated control unit.
7. The austempering multi-purpose furnace production line of claim 1, characterized in that: the front furnace door, the transfer door and the middle door are all pneumatic power doors or mechanical transmission doors.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010058660.0A CN111118267B (en) | 2020-01-19 | 2020-01-19 | Isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace production line using oil or oil-atmosphere as quenching medium |
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| CN202010058660.0A CN111118267B (en) | 2020-01-19 | 2020-01-19 | Isothermal quenching multipurpose furnace production line using oil or oil-atmosphere as quenching medium |
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| CN111118267B true CN111118267B (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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| JPS6040592Y2 (en) * | 1981-12-26 | 1985-12-07 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Cooling device for oil and gas in vacuum heat treatment furnace |
| JP4605781B2 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2011-01-05 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Oil quenching method and apparatus for steel |
| US9365919B2 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2016-06-14 | Bhagavan Raghavan | Method for reduction of time in a gas carburizing process and cooling apparatus utilizing a high speed quenching oil flow rate |
| FR3028530B1 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2020-10-23 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR CARBONITRURING STEEL PART (S) UNDER LOW PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE |
| CN204455207U (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-07-08 | 鞍山市东泰耐磨材料有限公司 | The continuous heat treatment apparatus of automatic adjustment progressive austempering technique isothermal temperature |
| CN106222383A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 赫菲斯热处理系统江苏有限公司 | A kind of atmosphere controllable multi-purpose furnace produces equipment |
| CN107502716A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-22 | 刘妍 | A kind of continous way isothermal hardening oil cooling special plane production line for carbide-containing ausferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron material |
| CN107513602A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2017-12-26 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | A kind of same temperature hardening heat treatment method of raising 8Cr4Mo4V steel toughness |
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2020
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Effective date of registration: 20231205 Address after: No. 368 Yintong Road, Southeast Street, Changshu City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215500 Patentee after: Changshou City Jinshi Machinery Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Fenglin metal processing automation equipment Dafeng Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Shao Honghong Address before: 215500 No. 32, Xinfeng lane, Yushan Town, Changshu City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Wang Ning Patentee before: Zhu Yulin Patentee before: Shao Honghong |