CN111118069A - Method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste - Google Patents
Method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111118069A CN111118069A CN201911309120.9A CN201911309120A CN111118069A CN 111118069 A CN111118069 A CN 111118069A CN 201911309120 A CN201911309120 A CN 201911309120A CN 111118069 A CN111118069 A CN 111118069A
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- kitchen waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: sorting and pretreating the collected and transported kitchen waste; performing ultrasonic/alkali/H treatment on the sorted and oil-extracted kitchen waste2O2The combined pretreatment is carried out, so that the hydrolysis process of the kitchen waste is promoted; and (3) carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the pretreated slurry, and separating after fermentation to obtain the bioethanol. The method improves the ethanol yield of anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste, simplifies the preparation process, and provides a technical method with higher feasibility for recycling the kitchen waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment method of kitchen waste, in particular to a method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering.
Background
The kitchen waste comes from restaurant, dining hall and other catering industries in cities. Although the components and characteristics of the kitchen waste are influenced by factors such as regional differences, economic conditions, dietary habits and the like, generally, the kitchen waste has the general characteristics of high water content, high content of organic substances such as starch, cellulose and the like, high possibility of spoilage and odor, and pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, and if the kitchen waste is not properly treated, the urban appearance and the living environment of people are seriously influenced. Therefore, the kitchen waste is imperative to be harmless, reduced and recycled.
In view of the high biodegradability of the kitchen waste, the organic substance energy in the kitchen waste is recovered by microbial fermentation, and the resource treatment of the kitchen waste gradually becomes one of the main development directions of the kitchen waste treatment. At present, the market gap of the biofuel ethanol in China is large, and the production of the fuel ethanol by biomass fermentation becomes a research hotspot for recycling organic-rich wastes. In the prior patent CN201710414934.3, a method for efficiently producing ethanol by kitchen waste is disclosed, in which the kitchen waste after impurity separation is subjected to ultrasonic wave, hydrothermal treatment and microwave pretreatment in sequence, and then solid is separated out to perform ethanol fermentation on a liquid phase component. The patent technology adopts a multistage pretreatment technology to improve the conversion efficiency of the kitchen waste and improve the ethanol yield, but the pretreatment technology of the technology is complex, special ethanol type zymophyte is needed, and higher pressure or temperature needs to be maintained in the hydrothermal and microwave pretreatment stages, so that the requirement on the quality of equipment is extremely high, and the practical application of the technology is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for producing the bioethanol by utilizing the anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste, which can improve the bioethanol yield, simplify the process route, reduce the equipment investment and the operation difficulty and promote the development of the technology for producing the bioethanol by the anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:
1) sorting the kitchen waste to remove large materials which are difficult to degrade and carrying out oil extraction treatment;
2) carrying out combined pretreatment on materials obtained by sorting and oil extraction treatment by adopting alkali and hydrogen peroxide under the assistance of ultrasound;
3) performing anaerobic fermentation treatment on the materials obtained by combined pretreatment;
4) and (3) after solid-liquid separation is carried out on the material obtained by anaerobic fermentation treatment, distilling from the liquid phase to recover the bioethanol.
According to the preferable scheme, the kitchen waste is firstly screened out of large materials which are difficult to degrade through a sorting machine, small materials which are easy to degrade are sheared and crushed, preliminary solid-liquid separation is completed through a fine grid, the obtained solid phase enters an ultrasonic device, the obtained liquid phase is subjected to centrifugal oil extraction, and the water phase after oil extraction enters the ultrasonic device. The oil extraction treatment of the invention is beneficial to the subsequent fermentation process, generally, the oil can be degraded in the subsequent pretreatment process, but the microbial reaction can be inhibited as long as more than 0.5 percent of the oil enters the anaerobic fermentation tank, and after the oil extraction treatment, not only the inhibition process of the oil on the anaerobic fermentation process is reduced, but also the additional value of the oil can be obtained by purifying the oil, so that the crude oil is directly recovered, the economic value is higher, the oil extraction is directly considered in a comprehensive manner, and the ethanol is more properly produced by fermenting again.
In the preferable scheme, TS of the materials obtained by sorting and oil extraction is 5-15%, SCOD is 20000-60000 mg/L, and pH is 4-6.
In the preferable scheme, the adding amount of hydrogen peroxide is 50-350 mg/g TS, and the adding amount of alkali is used for regulating and controlling the pH of the system to be 7-11. The base is a common base such as sodium hydroxide solution. The hydrogen peroxide is commercially available hydrogen peroxide.
ultrasound/H of the invention2O2The alkali combined pretreatment can degrade macromolecular organic matters in the kitchen waste into soluble organic micromolecules, wherein the ultrasonic wave not only plays a role in homogenizing the degradation process, but also can generate cavitation and interface destabilization phenomena to destroy the molecular structure of the organic matters, and H2O2The solution can greatly promote the decomposition of macromolecular organic matters such as cellulose and the like due to the strong oxidizing property of the solution, promote the enzymatic saccharification reaction of lignin, and the alkali mainly provides an alkali environment, thereby further improving the decomposition effect of the organic matters.
In a preferred embodiment, the combined pretreatment conditions are: the ultrasonic frequency is controlled to be 50-250 Hz, the temperature is 20-80 ℃, and the time is 30-90 min.
In the preferable scheme, in the anaerobic fermentation treatment process, biochar and activated yeast powder are added into the materials obtained by combined pretreatment; the addition amount of the biochar is 0.5-1.5 g/g TS, and the activated yeast powder accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the material. The activation method of the activated yeast powder is a conventional method: dissolving yeast powder in distilled water, keeping the temperature at 35 deg.C for 10min, and standing at 30 deg.C for 15 min.
Preferably, the EDC of the biochar is 0.1-0.9 mmol e/g, the EAC is 0.1-0.9 mmol e/g, and the BET is 200-800 m2(ii) in terms of/g. According to the invention, the biochar is adopted, so that on one hand, a good place is provided for yeast by utilizing the large specific surface area of the biochar, and the enrichment of dominant species is facilitated, and on the other hand, the biochar can also be used as an electronic shuttle to participate in an electronic transfer process in an ethanol anabolism path, so that an enzyme reaction is promoted, and the organic matter conversion rate and the bioethanol yield are improved.
The biochar used by the invention is prepared by taking municipal sludge as a precursor, and the specific synthetic method comprises the following steps: drying the sludge, performing ball milling (crushing until the particle size is less than 5 mu m), then putting the sludge into an atmosphere furnace for pyrolysis, taking high-purity nitrogen as protective gas (100mL/min), raising the pyrolysis temperature from 30 ℃ to 500 ℃, wherein the temperature raising rate is 10 ℃/min, and pyrolyzing for 1.5h at 500 ℃. The biochar after pyrolysis is washed for multiple times by using hydrochloric acid solution (1: 9, v/v) and distilled water.
In a preferred embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation treatment conditions are as follows: fermenting for 5-10 days at 30-40 ℃.
The invention relates to a method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) sorting and pretreating the collected and transported kitchen waste; the kitchen waste enters a large-substance separator, and large materials which are difficult to degrade in the kitchen waste are screened out, so that follow-up equipment and pipelines are prevented from being damaged; the sorted easily degradable light and small materials enter a shearing machine and are crushed until the particle size is below 8.0mm, so that the subsequent pretreatment and anaerobic fermentation are facilitated; the mixed slurry is subjected to solid-liquid primary separation through a fine grid, and a solid phase enters an ultrasonic reactor; and (3) centrifuging the liquid phase obtained after separation to extract oil, feeding the centrifuged water phase into an ultrasonic reactor, wherein the TS of the mixed material subjected to separation and oil extraction is 5-15%, the SCOD is 20000-60000 mg/L, and the pH is 4-6.
2) Performing ultrasonic/alkali/H treatment on the sorted and oil-extracted kitchen waste2O2Performing combined pretreatment; conveying the materials into an ultrasonic device, adding NaOH solution to regulate and control the pH of the system to be 7-11, and adding H2O2The adding amount of the solution is 50-350 mg/g TS (hydrogen peroxide is commercial industrial hydrogen peroxide, the concentration is 30%), the ultrasonic frequency is regulated to be 50-250 Hz, the temperature is controlled to be 20-80 ℃, the ultrasonic time is controlled to be 30-90 min, and the solution is pumped into an anaerobic fermentation tank after ultrasonic treatment.
3) Anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the pretreated slurry; the materials are conveyed to an anaerobic fermentation tank, and biochar (EDC is 0.1-0.9 mmol e/g, EAC is 0.1-0.9 mmol e/g, BET is 200-800 m) is respectively added2And/g) activated yeast powder, wherein the adding amount of the biochar is 0.5-1.5 g/g TS, the adding amount of the activated yeast powder is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the kitchen waste to be treated, the biochar and the activated yeast powder are fully mixed, the mixture is fermented for 5-10 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, the solid-liquid separation is carried out on the effluent after the fermentation is finished, and then the biogas slurry obtained by the separation is distilled to prepare the bioethanol.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: carrying out ultrasonic/H treatment on the kitchen waste after sorting of large substances and extraction of grease2O2The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out NaOH combined pretreatment to degrade macromolecular organic matters in the kitchen waste into soluble organic micromolecules, wherein ultrasonic equipment not only plays a role in homogenizing in the degradation process, but also can generate cavitation and interface stability breaking phenomena to destroy the molecular structure of the organic matters; h2O2The solution can greatly promote the decomposition of macromolecular organic matters such as cellulose and the like due to the strong oxidizing property of the solution, and promote the enzyme sugar of ligninThe effect of the reaction is obviously improved under the alkaline condition. After the pretreatment is finished, adding biochar and activated yeast to convert the micromolecule organic matter into bioethanol, wherein the activated yeast is used as an inoculum, and the biochar provides a huge specific surface area for the yeast and enriches dominant species. Moreover, the biochar can also be used as an electron shuttle body to participate in an electron transfer process in an ethanol anabolism path, so that enzyme reaction is promoted, and the organic matter conversion rate and the bioethanol yield are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts ultrasound/alkali/H2O2The activated yeast powder is added to replace pure ethanol zymocyte in the pretreatment process route, so that the whole process flow is simplified, the equipment investment is reduced, and the process operation difficulty is reduced;
2. according to the invention, the abundance of the yeast is improved by adding the biochar in the fermentation process, and the biochar is used as an electronic shuttle to improve the metabolic rate of the yeast, so that the ethanol yield is finally improved;
3. according to the invention, the kitchen waste is subjected to anaerobic fermentation to recover the organic functions in the kitchen waste in the form of a high value-added product, namely bioethanol, so that the kitchen waste has both environmental benefits and economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the process for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste.
Detailed Description
The invention designs a method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste. The following examples illustrate the invention in detail. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any obvious modifications can be made without departing from the technical scheme of the present invention, and the protection scope of the claims is included.
Example 1
(1) After the kitchen waste collected and transported by a certain kitchen waste harmless and recycling treatment plant is subjected to sorting, crushing and oil extraction procedures, the particle size of the crushed kitchen waste is below 8 mm. The TS of the mixed slurry was 5%, SCOD was 20000mg/L, and pH was 6.
(2) Conveying the slurry to an ultrasonic device for combined pretreatment, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 50Hz, the temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃, and H is controlled2O2The addition amount of the solution is 50mg/g TS, and the pH value of the system is regulated to 7 by using a 5M NaOH solution. After 30min of ultrasonic treatment, the dissolution rate of the kitchen waste is 35%.
(3) Pumping the pretreated mixed slurry into an anaerobic fermentation tank, and adding activated yeast powder and biochar. Wherein the adding amount of the yeast powder is 0.1 percent, and the yeast powder activation step comprises the following steps: dissolving in 10 times of distilled water, keeping the temperature at 35 deg.C for 10min, and keeping the temperature at 30 deg.C for 15 min; the adding amount of the biochar is 0.5g/gTS, and the specific surface area of the added biochar is 200m2Each of the electron transport EDC and the EAC was 0.1mmol e/g. After adding the strains and the biochar, fully mixing the substrate and the additive by stirring, and fermenting for 5d at the temperature of 30 ℃. And after the fermentation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the effluent, and then distilling the separated biogas slurry, wherein the concentration of ethanol in the distillate is 14620 mg/L.
Example 2
After the kitchen waste is subjected to the working procedures of large-substance separation, crushing and oil extraction, the TS of mixed slurry of the kitchen waste is 15%, the SCOD is 60000mg/L, and the pH value is 4. Adding H according to the dry matter quantity of the kitchen waste2O2The amount of the TS is 350mg/g, the pH value of the system is controlled to be 11, an ultrasonic device is started, the ultrasonic frequency is adjusted to be 250Hz, the ultrasonic time is 90min, the temperature is controlled to be 80 ℃, and the corresponding dissolving rate of the kitchen waste is 75%. Activated yeast powder and biochar are added into an anaerobic fermentation tank, the adding amount of the activated yeast powder and the adding amount of the biochar are respectively 0.3 percent and 1.5g/gTS, and the BET of the biochar is 500m2Each of the electron transport EDC and the EAC was 0.5mmol e/g. The fermentation temperature is 40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10 days. The final ethanol concentration in the distillate fraction was 29530 mg/L.
Example 3
After the kitchen waste is subjected to the working procedures of large-substance sorting, crushing and oil extraction, the TS of mixed slurry of the kitchen waste is 10%, the SCOD is 40000mg/L, and the pH value is 5. Adding H according to the dry matter quantity of the kitchen waste2O2The amount is 200mg/g TS, the pH of the system is controlled to be 9, and the ultrasound is startedThe device adjusts the ultrasonic frequency to be 150Hz, the ultrasonic time is 60min, the temperature is controlled to be 50 ℃, and the corresponding kitchen waste dissolution rate is 55%. Activated yeast powder and biochar are added into an anaerobic fermentation tank, the adding amount of the activated yeast powder and the adding amount of the biochar are respectively 0.2 percent and 1.0g/gTS, and the BET of the biochar is 800m2Each of the electron transport EDC and the EAC was 0.9mmol e/g. The fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7.5 days. The final ethanol concentration in the distillate fraction was 33530 mg/L. The implementation effect is better than that reported in the publication patent CN109761465A method for producing ethanol by anaerobic excess sludge.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is that the kitchen waste is not subjected to ultrasonic/H2O2and/NaOH combined pretreatment, and activated yeast powder and biochar are still added. The final ethanol concentration in distillate components was 8480 mg/L.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 3, the method has the difference that no chemical reagent hydrogen peroxide solution is added in the kitchen waste pretreatment process, and the pH is not regulated. The final ethanol concentration in the distillate fraction was 14400 mg/L.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is that the ultrasonic device is not started in the pretreatment process of the kitchen waste. The final ethanol concentration in distillate component is 11210 mg/L.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is that no biochar is added in the process of the oxygen-pressing fermentation. The final ethanol concentration in distillate component is 12450 mg/L.
Claims (8)
1. A method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) sorting the kitchen waste to remove large materials which are difficult to degrade and carrying out oil extraction treatment;
2) carrying out combined pretreatment on materials obtained by sorting and oil extraction treatment by adopting alkali and hydrogen peroxide under the assistance of ultrasound;
3) performing anaerobic fermentation treatment on the materials obtained by combined pretreatment;
4) and (3) after solid-liquid separation is carried out on the material obtained by anaerobic fermentation treatment, distilling from the liquid phase to recover the bioethanol.
2. The method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein: the kitchen waste is firstly screened by a sorting machine to obtain big materials difficult to degrade, light and small materials easy to degrade are sheared and crushed, a fine grid is adopted to complete preliminary solid-liquid separation, the obtained solid phase enters an ultrasonic device, the obtained liquid phase is subjected to centrifugal oil extraction, and the water phase after oil extraction enters the ultrasonic device.
3. The method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein: the TS of the materials obtained by sorting and oil extraction is 5-15%, the SCOD is 20000-60000 mg/L, and the pH is 4-6.
4. The method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein: the adding amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 50-350 mg/g TS, and the adding amount of the alkali is used for regulating and controlling the pH of the system to be 7-11.
5. The method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein: the combined pretreatment conditions were: the ultrasonic frequency is controlled to be 50-250 Hz, the temperature is 20-80 ℃, and the time is 30-90 min.
6. The method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein: adding biochar and activated yeast powder into the materials obtained by the combined pretreatment in the anaerobic fermentation treatment process; the addition amount of the biochar is 0.5-1.5 g/g TS, and the activated yeast powder accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the material.
7. The method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 6The method is characterized in that: EDC of the biochar is 0.1-0.9 mmol e/g, EAC is 0.1-0.9 mmol e/g, and BET is 200-800 m2/g。
8. The method for producing bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 6, wherein: the anaerobic fermentation treatment conditions are as follows: fermenting for 5-10 days at 30-40 ℃.
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