CN111117412A - Film type plant antitranspirant - Google Patents

Film type plant antitranspirant Download PDF

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CN111117412A
CN111117412A CN201911318183.0A CN201911318183A CN111117412A CN 111117412 A CN111117412 A CN 111117412A CN 201911318183 A CN201911318183 A CN 201911318183A CN 111117412 A CN111117412 A CN 111117412A
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周雯
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0087—Glucomannans or galactomannans; Tara or tara gum, i.e. D-mannose and D-galactose units, e.g. from Cesalpinia spinosa; Tamarind gum, i.e. D-galactose, D-glucose and D-xylose units, e.g. from Tamarindus indica; Gum Arabic, i.e. L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid units, e.g. from Acacia Senegal or Acacia Seyal; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0096—Guar, guar gum, guar flour, guaran, i.e. (beta-1,4) linked D-mannose units in the main chain branched with D-galactose units in (alpha-1,6), e.g. from Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
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Abstract

The invention discloses a film type plant antitranspirant, and belongs to the field of antitranspirants. The micro-capsule material prepared by the invention combines the action of abrasives prepared from xanthan gum monomer polymer, metakaolin and the like to form larger surface pressure, the formed film shows an effect of enhancing the cohesiveness, the adhesion effect on blades is improved, the water evaporation is inhibited, the guar gum is subjected to hydrophobic modification to form a micelle with a core-shell structure, wherein the hydrophobic alkoxy chain is used as a hydrophobic core, and the guar gum is used as a hydrophilic shell, so that the stability of the formed film is improved conveniently, and the mesh is prevented from being blocked. The invention solves the problems that the prior common plant antitranspirant often blocks part of stomata of plants, prevents the plants from absorbing oxygen and discharging carbon dioxide, and influences the photosynthesis and respiration of the plants.

Description

Film type plant antitranspirant
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antitranspirant, and particularly relates to a film type plant antitranspirant.
Background
With the influence of climate change and human activities, water resources have gradually become one of the main factors restricting the development of the economic society. Agriculture is a fundamental industry of national economy and is a water consumer. However, because the water resource is unevenly distributed in space and time, the basic water conservancy facilities fall behind, the water utilization rate of agricultural irrigation is only about 40 percent, and the yield is reduced by about 50 hundred million kilograms each year due to serious water shortage. Stomata on plant leaves are the main channels for water loss of plants. Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the surface of living plant bodies (mainly leaves) to the atmosphere in the state of water vapor. Unlike the physical evaporation process, transpiration is not only influenced by the external environmental conditions, but also regulated and controlled by the plant itself, and is therefore a complex physiological process. When the plants are young, all surfaces exposed to the air can transpire. The transpiration sites of growing plants are mainly in the leaves. There are two ways of transpiration of the leaves: first, transpiration through the stratum corneum, called keratosis; the second is transpiration through the stomata, called stomata transpiration, which is the most important mode of plant transpiration. Physiological significance of transpiration: it is the main power for plant to absorb and transport water, can speed up the transport rate of inorganic salt to the overground part, and can reduce the temperature of plant body, so that the leaves can be photosynthesized under strong light without damage. The amount of water lost by plant transpiration is significant. It is estimated that the total area of the leaf surface is only 5% of the pores, and 70% of the leaf moisture transpiration is involved. And 80% of water consumed in agricultural production is lost through transpiration, so that the plant antitranspirant is used for inhibiting water dissipation caused by transpiration, and the plant antitranspirant has important significance and remarkable effect on the development of water-saving agriculture.
The antitranspirant is a chemical substance which acts on the surface of plant leaves and can reduce the transpiration strength and reduce the water loss. At present, the antitranspirants on the market are generally divided into three categories, namely a film type antitranspirant, a reflection type antitranspirant and a metabolic type antitranspirant. The film-type antitranspirant is an organic high-molecular compound, forms a layer of thin film on the surface of a leaf by spraying, covers part of the surface of the leaf, and reduces the transpiration of water by reducing the contact area of the leaf surface and air; the reflection-type anti-transpirant is sprayed on the upper surface of the plant leaves to reflect partial sunlight, so that the solar radiation absorbed by the leaves is reduced, the temperature of the leaves is reduced, and the effect of reducing the transpiration is achieved. The metabolic antitranspirant is also called stomata inhibitor, and can act on stomata guard cells to reduce stomata opening or close stomata, thereby increasing stomata transpiration resistance and reducing water transpiration amount.
The anti-transpirant on the market basically meets the requirement, reduces the transpiration of plants to a certain extent, but also has a plurality of defects, such as: the thin film type antitranspirant and the reflective antitranspirant are sprayed on the surface of the plant, and the transpiration amount is reduced by the insulation effect, so that if the spraying amount is too large, most of air holes of the plant are blocked, the necessary photosynthesis and respiration of the plant are influenced, the absorption of the plant to oxygen and the discharge of carbon dioxide are blocked, and in addition, the thin film type antitranspirant and the reflective antitranspirant are easily dropped by rain after the spraying is finished, so that the thin film type antitranspirant and the reflective antitranspirant cannot play a role. Compared with the two transpirants, the metabolic anti-transpirant has better effect and represents the development direction of a transpirant, but common phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) is organic mercury and belongs to lipophilic poison, the residual medicinal effect of the organic mercury can cause huge damage to a human body after being absorbed by people, eaten and absorbed by skin, and in addition, the requirements of different plants on the type and concentration of the metabolic anti-transpirant are different, so that the selection of the anti-transpirant is very small. The common plant antitranspirant often blocks part of stomata of plants, prevents the plants from absorbing oxygen and discharging carbon dioxide, and influences plant photosynthesis and respiration.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems that the common plant antitranspirant usually blocks part of stomata of plants at present, prevents the absorption of oxygen and the discharge of carbon dioxide by the plants and influences the photosynthesis and the respiration of the plants, the film type plant antitranspirant is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a film type plant antitranspirant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of polylysine, 2-4 parts of basic copper carbonate, 4-8 parts of urea, 40-60 parts of composite transpiration-resistant base material and 12-25 parts of auxiliary film forming material.
The preparation method of the composite transpiration-resistant base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at the temperature of 20-35 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 4-8: 1, mixing and stirring melamine and formaldehyde solution, adding water which is 3-7 times of the mass of the melamine for mixing, adjusting the pH value, heating to 65-75 ℃, and preserving the heat to obtain a pretreatment material, wherein the pretreatment material is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 20-30: 1, adding an activating agent, mixing, shearing, dispersing, adjusting pH, performing suction filtration, collecting filter residues, washing, and drying to obtain a microcapsule material;
(2) at the temperature of 50-65 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 15-25 taking xanthan gum and NaOH solution, mixing and stirring, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding potassium persulfate with the mass of 1-3% of that of the xanthan gum, mixing, cooling to 40-55 ℃, preserving heat to obtain a mixed material, and taking the mixed material according to the mass ratio of 7-12: 3: 1, adding monomer liquid and pretreated metakaolin, mixing and stirring, adding dimercaptobenzoic acid with the mass being 2-5% of that of the mixed material, mixing, heating to 65-75 ℃, preserving heat, cooling, discharging, vacuumizing, concentrating, freezing, crushing and sieving, collecting sieved materials, and mixing according to the mass ratio of 7-12: 3: 1, mixing and grinding the sieved material, the microcapsule material and the auxiliary grinding material to obtain a grinding material, wherein the mass ratio of the grinding material to the microcapsule material is 1: and 6-10, mixing and stirring the grinding material and an ammonium chloride solution, and evaporating under reduced pressure to obtain the composite transpiration-resistant base material.
The activating agent in the step (1): according to the mass ratio of 2-5: 1: and 3-7, mixing OP-10, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrogen-containing silicone oil to obtain the activator.
The monomer liquid in the step (2): according to the mass ratio of 1: 6-9: 1-3: 30 mixing acrylic acid, styrene, acrylamide and NaOH solution to obtain the monomer liquid.
The pretreated metakaolin in the step (2): according to the mass ratio of 1: 7-12: and 35, mixing and stirring metakaolin, chitosan and an acetic acid solution, adjusting the pH value, stirring, filtering, collecting filter residues and drying to obtain the pretreated metakaolin.
The auxiliary grinding material in the step (2): according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3-7, mixing triethyl citrate and castor oil to obtain the grinding aid.
Preparing the auxiliary film forming material: according to the mass parts, 20-35 parts of modified guar gum, 6-10 parts of zein, 1-3 parts of auxiliary materials, 4-8 parts of nitrocellulose, 2-5 parts of additives and 80-100 parts of ethanol solution are taken, the zein, the nitrocellulose and the ethanol solution are taken, mixed and stirred at the temperature of 23-35 ℃, the temperature is increased to 45-55 ℃, the modified guar gum, the auxiliary materials and the additives are added, mixed, sheared and dispersed, and evaporated under reduced pressure to constant weight, so that the auxiliary film forming material is obtained.
The modified guar gum comprises the following components: at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 6-10, mixing and stirring guar gum and a NaOH solution, heating to 60-75 ℃, adding dodecyl glycidyl ether accounting for 10-15% of the mass of the guar gum, mixing, carrying out heat preservation and reflux, adjusting the pH value, precipitating with acetone, filtering, collecting a filter cake, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified guar gum.
The additive is as follows: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3-7, mixing ethylene glycol and alcohol ester twelve to obtain the additive.
The auxiliary materials are as follows: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 1-3, mixing the polyethylene wax and the magnesium stearate to obtain the auxiliary material.
Compared with other methods, the method has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the invention uses melamine, formaldehyde and the like as raw materials to prepare a microcapsule material, and an activating agent is added in the process for emulsification and permeation to reduce the surface activity of the microcapsule material, so that a larger surface pressure is formed by matching with the action of a grinding material prepared from xanthan gum monomer polymer, metakaolin and the like, the formed film has an effect of enhancing the cohesiveness, the adhesion effect on the blade is improved, the water evaporation is inhibited, chitosan is doped into the metakaolin, the film forming effect is adjusted by the natural positive charge effect of the chitosan, the addition of dimercaptobenzoic acid can also provide an anti-oxidation effect, each component reacts to form a molecular film to cover the surface of the blade, the liquid evaporation time can be well prolonged, the saturated vapor pressure strength of the surface of the blade is increased, the concentration gradient difference of the air/water interface inside the air hole leaf is reduced, the transpiration effect of the water in the air hole of the blade is inhibited, and the, the permeable meshes are not easy to be blocked;
(2) the invention carries out hydrophobic modification on guar gum, the alkoxy chain introduced into the guar gum can shrink due to hydrophobic effect to drive the whole molecule to shrink, a micelle with a core-shell structure taking the hydrophobic alkoxy chain as a hydrophobic inner core and the guar gum as a hydrophilic outer shell is formed, moreover, the Zeta potential value in the system is larger due to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effects, so that the formed modified guar gum is more stable in aqueous solution and can be convenient for improving the stability of film formation, reserved pores can be naturally formed due to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effects, the pore blocking is avoided, in addition, nitrocellulose, additives and the like are used for assisting in forming the membrane, and the partial pressure of the leaves can be indirectly adjusted, the absorption and the discharge of carbon dioxide are further regulated, the growth and the metabolism of plants are facilitated, and the effects of film forming and moisture retention promotion can be better exerted by combining the composite anti-transpiration base material, so that the air holes of the plants are not blocked;
(3) the invention combines the action of the abrasives made of xanthan gum monomer polymer, metakaolin and the like to form larger surface pressure, and leads the formed film to show the effect of enhancing the cohesiveness, improves the adhesion effect on leaves, inhibits the water evaporation, carries out hydrophobic modification on guar gum to form micelle which takes hydrophobic alkoxy chains as hydrophobic inner cores and guar gum as a core-shell structure of hydrophilic shells, is convenient to improve the stability of the formed film and avoids blocking meshes.
Detailed Description
Activating agent: according to the mass ratio of 2-5: 1: and 3-7, mixing OP-10, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrogen-containing silicone oil to obtain the activator.
Pre-treating metakaolin: according to the mass ratio of 1: 7-12: and 35, mixing and stirring metakaolin, chitosan with the deacetylation degree of 95% and an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 20% for 25-40 min, adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 20% to adjust the pH value to 7.3-7.7, magnetically stirring for 40-60 min at the speed of 400-700 r/min, filtering, collecting filter residues, and drying in an oven at the temperature of 60-75 ℃ for 7-10 h to obtain the pretreated metakaolin.
Monomer liquid: according to the mass ratio of 1: 6-9: 1-3: 30, mixing acrylic acid, styrene, acrylamide and 20 mass percent NaOH solution to obtain the monomer liquid.
Grinding aid: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3-7, mixing triethyl citrate and castor oil to obtain the grinding aid.
Auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 1-3, mixing the polyethylene wax and the magnesium stearate to obtain the auxiliary material.
Additive: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3-7, mixing ethylene glycol and alcohol ester twelve to obtain the additive.
Modified guar gum: at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 6-10 taking guar gum and a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 20%, mixing and stirring for 25-45 min, heating to 60-75 ℃, adding dodecyl glycidyl ether with the mass fraction of 10-15% of the guar gum, mixing, keeping the temperature and refluxing for 4-7 h, adjusting the pH to 4.2-5.1 by using an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 20%, precipitating for 2-4 times by using acetone, filtering, collecting a filter cake, and freeze-drying at-10 ℃ for 5-8 h to obtain the modified guar gum.
The preparation method of the composite transpiration-resistant base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at the temperature of 20-35 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 4-8: 1, mixing and stirring melamine and a formaldehyde solution with a volume fraction of 37% for 25-45 min, adding water with the mass of 3-7 times that of the melamine for mixing, adjusting the pH to 8.1-8.5 by using a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 20%, heating to 65-75 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h to obtain a pretreatment material, wherein the pretreatment material is taken according to a mass ratio of 20-30: 1, adding an activating agent, mixing, shearing and dispersing for 12-20 min at 3000-5000 r/min, adding a citric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L to adjust the pH value to 3.4-4.2, performing suction filtration, collecting filter residues, washing for 2-4 times, and drying to obtain a microcapsule material;
(2) at the temperature of 50-65 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 15-25 taking xanthan gum and a 15% NaOH solution, mixing and stirring for 30-50 min, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the xanthan gum, mixing, cooling to 40-55 ℃, and preserving heat for 15-25 min to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixed material is taken according to a mass ratio of 7-12: 3: 1, adding monomer liquid and pretreated metakaolin, mixing and stirring for 25-45 min, adding dimercapto benzoic acid with the mass being 2-5% of that of the mixture, mixing, heating to 65-75 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-3 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, discharging, vacuumizing and concentrating to constant weight, transferring to a freezing pulverizer, pulverizing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, collecting sieved matters, and mixing according to the mass ratio of 7-12: 3: 1, mixing the sieved material, the microcapsule material and the grinding aid material in a mortar, grinding for 2-4 hours at a speed of 350-550 r/min to obtain a grinding material, wherein the mass ratio of the grinding material to the microcapsule material is 1: and 6-10, mixing and stirring the grinding material and an ammonium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 15% for 25-45 min, and evaporating under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to obtain the composite transpiration-resistant base material.
Preparing an auxiliary film forming material: according to the mass parts, 20-35 parts of modified guar gum, 6-10 parts of zein, 1-3 parts of auxiliary materials, 4-8 parts of nitrocellulose with 12.5% of nitrogen content, 2-5 parts of additives and 80-100 parts of ethanol solution with 70% of volume fraction are taken, the zein, the nitrocellulose and the ethanol solution are taken and mixed in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 23-35 ℃, the mixture is magnetically stirred for 40-60 min at the speed of 350-550 r/min, the temperature is raised to 45-55 ℃, the modified guar gum, the auxiliary materials and the additives are added and mixed, the mixture is sheared and dispersed for 12-25 min at the speed of 3000-5000 r/min, and the mixture is decompressed and evaporated to constant weight, so that the auxiliary film forming material is obtained.
A film type plant antitranspirant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of polylysine, 2-4 parts of basic copper carbonate, 4-8 parts of urea, 40-60 parts of composite transpiration-resistant base material and 12-25 parts of auxiliary film forming material.
Example 1
Activating agent: according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 3, mixing OP-10, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrogen-containing silicone oil to obtain the activator.
Pre-treating metakaolin: according to the mass ratio of 1: 7: and 35, mixing and stirring metakaolin, chitosan with the deacetylation degree of 95% and an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 20% for 25min, adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 20% to adjust the pH to 7.3, magnetically stirring for 40min at 400r/min, filtering, collecting filter residues, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 7h to obtain the pretreated metakaolin.
Monomer liquid: according to the mass ratio of 1: 6: 1: 30, mixing acrylic acid, styrene, acrylamide and 20 mass percent NaOH solution to obtain the monomer liquid.
Grinding aid: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3, mixing triethyl citrate and castor oil to obtain the grinding aid.
Auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 1: 1 mixing polyethylene wax and magnesium stearate to obtain the auxiliary material.
Additive: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3, mixing ethylene glycol and alcohol ester twelve to obtain the additive.
Modified guar gum: at 30 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: and 6, mixing guar gum and a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 20% and stirring for 25-45 min, heating to 60 ℃, adding dodecyl glycidyl ether with the mass of 10% of the guar gum and mixing, carrying out heat preservation and reflux for 4h, adjusting the pH to 4.2 by using an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 20%, precipitating for 2 times by using acetone, filtering, collecting a filter cake, and carrying out freeze drying for 5h at the temperature of-10 ℃ to obtain the modified guar gum.
The preparation method of the composite transpiration-resistant base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at 20 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, mixing and stirring melamine and a formaldehyde solution with a volume fraction of 37% for 25min, adding water with the mass of 3 times that of the melamine for mixing, adjusting the pH to 8.1 by using a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 20%, heating to 65 ℃, and preserving heat for 1h to obtain a pretreatment material, wherein the pretreatment material is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 20-30: 1, adding an activating agent, mixing, shearing and dispersing for 12min at 3000r/min, adding a citric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L to adjust the pH value to 3.4, carrying out suction filtration, collecting filter residues, washing for 2 times, and drying to obtain a microcapsule material;
(2) at 50 ℃, mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: mixing and stirring xanthan gum and a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 15% for 30min, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding potassium persulfate with the mass of 1% of the xanthan gum for mixing, cooling to 40 ℃, and preserving heat for 15min to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixed material is prepared by mixing the xanthan gum and the NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 15% in a mass ratio of 7: 3: 1, adding monomer liquid and pretreated metakaolin, mixing and stirring for 25min, adding dimercaptobenzoic acid with the mass of 2% of the mixed material, mixing, heating to 65 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, naturally cooling to room temperature, discharging, vacuumizing and concentrating to constant weight, transferring to a freezing pulverizer, pulverizing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, collecting sieved substances, and mixing according to the mass ratio of 7: 3: 1, mixing the sieved material, the microcapsule material and the grinding aid material in a mortar, and grinding for 2 hours at the speed of 350r/min to obtain a grinding material, wherein the mass ratio of the grinding material to the microcapsule material is 1: and 6, mixing and stirring the grinding material and an ammonium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 15% for 25min, and evaporating under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to obtain the composite anti-transpiration base material.
Preparing an auxiliary film forming material: according to the mass parts, 20 parts of modified guar gum, 6 parts of zein, 1 part of auxiliary materials, 4 parts of nitrocellulose with 12.5% of nitrogen content, 2 parts of additives and 80 parts of ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 70% are taken, the zein, the nitrocellulose and the ethanol solution are taken and mixed in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 23 ℃, the mixture is magnetically stirred for 40min at the speed of 350r/min, the temperature is increased to 45 ℃, the modified guar gum, the auxiliary materials and the additives are added and mixed, the mixture is sheared and dispersed for 12min at the speed of 3000r/min, and the mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure to constant weight, so that the auxiliary film forming material is obtained.
A film type plant antitranspirant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2 part of polylysine, 2 parts of basic copper carbonate, 4 parts of urea, 40 parts of composite transpiration-resistant base material and 12 parts of auxiliary film forming material.
Example 2
Activating agent: according to the mass ratio of 5: 1: and 7, mixing OP-10, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrogen-containing silicone oil to obtain the activator.
Pre-treating metakaolin: according to the mass ratio of 1: 12: and 35, mixing and stirring metakaolin, chitosan with the deacetylation degree of 95% and an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 20% for 40min, adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 20% to adjust the pH to 7.7, magnetically stirring for 60min at 700r/min, filtering, collecting filter residues, and drying in an oven at 75 ℃ for 10h to obtain the pretreated metakaolin.
Monomer liquid: according to the mass ratio of 1: 9: 3: 30, mixing acrylic acid, styrene, acrylamide and 20 mass percent NaOH solution to obtain the monomer liquid.
Grinding aid: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 7, mixing triethyl citrate and castor oil to obtain the grinding aid.
Auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3, mixing the polyethylene wax and the magnesium stearate to obtain the auxiliary material.
Additive: according to the mass ratio of 1: 7 mixing ethylene glycol and alcohol ester twelve to obtain the additive.
Modified guar gum: at 45 ℃, mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing and stirring guar gum and a 20% NaOH solution for 45min, heating to 75 ℃, adding dodecyl glycidyl ether accounting for 15% of the mass of the guar gum, mixing, carrying out heat preservation and reflux for 7h, adjusting the pH to 5.1 by using a 20% HCl solution, precipitating for 2-4 times by using acetone, filtering, collecting a filter cake, and carrying out freeze drying for 5-8 h at-10 ℃ to obtain the modified guar gum.
The preparation method of the composite transpiration-resistant base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at 35 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 8: 1, mixing and stirring melamine and a formaldehyde solution with the volume fraction of 37% for 45min, adding water with the mass of 7 times that of the melamine for mixing, adjusting the pH to 8.5 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 20%, heating to 75 ℃, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain a pretreatment material, wherein the pretreatment material is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 30: 1, adding an activating agent, mixing, shearing and dispersing for 20min at 5000r/min, adding a citric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L to adjust the pH value to 4.2, carrying out suction filtration, collecting filter residues, washing for 4 times, and drying to obtain a microcapsule material;
(2) at 65 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 25 mixing and stirring xanthan gum and a 15% NaOH solution for 50min, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 3% of the mass of the xanthan gum, mixing, cooling to 55 ℃, and preserving heat for 25min to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixed material is prepared by mixing the xanthan gum and the NaOH solution according to the mass ratio of 12: 3: 1, adding monomer liquid and pretreated metakaolin, mixing and stirring for 45min, adding dimercaptobenzoic acid with the mass of 5% of the mixed material, mixing, heating to 75 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, naturally cooling to room temperature, discharging, vacuumizing and concentrating to constant weight, transferring to a freezing pulverizer, pulverizing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, collecting sieved substances, and mixing according to the mass ratio of 12: 3: 1, mixing the sieved material, the microcapsule material and the grinding aid material in a mortar, grinding for 4 hours at 550r/min to obtain a grinding material, wherein the mass ratio of the grinding material to the microcapsule material is 1: 10, mixing and stirring the grinding material and an ammonium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 15% for 45min, and evaporating under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to obtain the composite anti-transpiration base material.
Preparing an auxiliary film forming material: according to the mass parts, 35 parts of modified guar gum, 10 parts of zein, 3 parts of auxiliary materials, 8 parts of nitrocellulose with 12.5% of nitrogen content, 5 parts of additives and 100 parts of ethanol solution with 70% of volume fraction are taken, the zein, the nitrocellulose and the ethanol solution are taken to be mixed in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 35 ℃, the mixture is magnetically stirred for 60min at the speed of 550r/min, the temperature is increased to 55 ℃, the modified guar gum, the auxiliary materials and the additives are added to be mixed, the mixture is sheared and dispersed for 12-25 min at the speed of 5000r/min, and the mixture is decompressed and evaporated to constant weight, so that the auxiliary film forming material is obtained.
A film type plant antitranspirant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5 part of polylysine, 4 parts of basic copper carbonate, 8 parts of urea, 60 parts of composite transpiration-resistant base material and 25 parts of auxiliary film forming material.
Example 3
Activating agent: according to the mass ratio of 4: 1: 5, mixing OP-10, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrogen-containing silicone oil to obtain the activator.
Pre-treating metakaolin: according to the mass ratio of 1: 9: and 35, mixing and stirring metakaolin, chitosan with the deacetylation degree of 95% and an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 20% for 30min, adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 20% to adjust the pH to 7.5, magnetically stirring for 50min at 500r/min, filtering, collecting filter residues, and drying in an oven at 70 ℃ for 8h to obtain the pretreated metakaolin.
Monomer liquid: according to the mass ratio of 1: 8: 2: 30, mixing acrylic acid, styrene, acrylamide and 20 mass percent NaOH solution to obtain the monomer liquid.
Grinding aid: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 5, mixing triethyl citrate and castor oil to obtain the grinding aid.
Auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, mixing polyethylene wax and magnesium stearate to obtain the auxiliary material.
Additive: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 5, mixing ethylene glycol and alcohol ester twelve to obtain the additive.
Modified guar gum: at 40 ℃, mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: and 8, mixing guar gum and a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 20% for 35min, heating to 70 ℃, adding dodecyl glycidyl ether with the mass of 12% of the guar gum for mixing, carrying out heat preservation and reflux for 6h, adjusting the pH to 4.6 by using an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 20%, precipitating for 3 times by using acetone, filtering, collecting a filter cake, and carrying out freeze drying for 6h at the temperature of-10 ℃ to obtain the modified guar gum.
The preparation method of the composite transpiration-resistant base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at the temperature of 20-35 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 6: 1, mixing and stirring melamine and a formaldehyde solution with the volume fraction of 37% for 35min, adding water with the mass 5 times that of the melamine for mixing, adjusting the pH to 8.3 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 20%, heating to 70 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5h to obtain a pretreatment material, wherein the pretreatment material is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 25: 1, adding an activating agent, mixing, shearing and dispersing for 16min at 4000r/min, adding a citric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L to adjust the pH value to 4.0, performing suction filtration, collecting filter residues, washing for 3 times, and drying to obtain a microcapsule material;
(2) at 55 ℃, mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: mixing and stirring xanthan gum and a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 15% for 40min, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding potassium persulfate with the mass of 2% of the xanthan gum for mixing, cooling to 50 ℃, and preserving heat for 20min to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixed material is prepared by mixing the xanthan gum and the NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 15% for 40min, and mixing the mixed material according to the mass ratio of 8: 3: 1, adding monomer liquid and pretreated metakaolin, mixing and stirring for 35min, adding 3% by mass of dimercaptobenzoic acid into the mixture, mixing, heating to 70 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, discharging, vacuumizing and concentrating to constant weight, transferring the mixture to a freezing pulverizer, pulverizing the mixture, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, collecting sieved substances, and mixing the substances according to a mass ratio of 9: 3: 1, mixing the sieved material, the microcapsule material and the grinding aid material in a mortar, grinding for 2-4 hours at 450r/min to obtain a grinding material, wherein the mass ratio of the grinding material to the microcapsule material is 1: and 6-10, mixing and stirring the grinding material and an ammonium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 15% for 25-45 min, and evaporating under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to obtain the composite transpiration-resistant base material.
Preparing an auxiliary film forming material: according to the mass parts, 30 parts of modified guar gum, 8 parts of zein, 2 parts of auxiliary materials, 6 parts of nitrocellulose with 12.5% of nitrogen content, 4 parts of additives and 90 parts of ethanol solution with 70% of volume fraction are taken, the zein, the nitrocellulose and the ethanol solution are taken to be mixed in a reaction kettle at 29 ℃, the mixture is magnetically stirred for 50min at 450r/min, the temperature is increased to 50 ℃, the modified guar gum, the auxiliary materials and the additives are added to be mixed, the mixture is sheared and dispersed for 18min at 4000r/min, and the mixture is decompressed and evaporated to constant weight, so that the auxiliary film forming material is obtained.
A film type plant antitranspirant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of polylysine, 3 parts of basic copper carbonate, 6 parts of urea, 50 parts of composite transpiration-resistant base material and 18 parts of auxiliary film forming material.
Comparative example 1: the procedure was essentially the same as that used in example 3, except that the composite transpiration resistant binder was absent.
Comparative example 2: the preparation method is basically the same as that of example 3, except that the auxiliary film-forming material is absent.
Comparative example 3: plant antitranspirant produced by a certain company in Wuxi city. (Main Components: Kaolin, abscisic acid, Paraffin)
The plant antitranspirant obtained in the examples and the comparative examples is tested according to NY 1428-2007 standard, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
test items Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3
Suppression of Water Evaporation Rate (%) 70.1 69.7 70.4 56.4 60.6 56.8
Water Retention ratio (%) 77.98 73.69 78.86 60.13 72.17 52.31
Pore opening (mmol. m)-2s-1） 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9
Transpiration rate (g m)-2·h-1） 3.96 4.13 3.77 4.31 4.29 6.33
From table 1, it can be seen that the thin film type plant antitranspirant prepared by the invention can effectively delay the evaporation rate of leaf surface moisture, inhibit the evaporation of the moisture, does not affect the leaf surface respiration of crops, can reduce the plant moisture transpiration amount and unnecessary moisture consumption, and is worth popularizing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject matter of the invention is to be construed in all aspects and as broadly as possible, and all changes, equivalents and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. A film type plant antitranspirant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1~3 parts zinc sulfate, 0.2~0.5 parts polylysine, 2~4 parts basic copper carbonate, 4~8 parts urea, its characterized in that still includes: 40-60 parts of composite anti-transpiration base material and 12-25 parts of auxiliary film forming material.
2. The film type plant transpiration resistant agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the composite transpiration resistant base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at the temperature of 20-35 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 4-8: 1, mixing and stirring melamine and formaldehyde solution, adding water which is 3-7 times of the mass of the melamine for mixing, adjusting the pH value, heating to 65-75 ℃, and preserving the heat to obtain a pretreatment material, wherein the pretreatment material is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 20-30: 1, adding an activating agent, mixing, shearing, dispersing, adjusting pH, performing suction filtration, collecting filter residues, washing, and drying to obtain a microcapsule material;
(2) at the temperature of 50-65 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 15-25 taking xanthan gum and NaOH solution, mixing and stirring, introducing nitrogen for protection, adding potassium persulfate with the mass of 1-3% of that of the xanthan gum, mixing, cooling to 40-55 ℃, preserving heat to obtain a mixed material, and taking the mixed material according to the mass ratio of 7-12: 3: 1, adding monomer liquid and pretreated metakaolin, mixing and stirring, adding dimercaptobenzoic acid with the mass being 2-5% of that of the mixed material, mixing, heating to 65-75 ℃, preserving heat, cooling, discharging, vacuumizing, concentrating, freezing, crushing and sieving, collecting sieved materials, and mixing according to the mass ratio of 7-12: 3: 1, mixing and grinding the sieved material, the microcapsule material and the auxiliary grinding material to obtain a grinding material, wherein the mass ratio of the grinding material to the microcapsule material is 1: and 6-10, mixing and stirring the grinding material and an ammonium chloride solution, and evaporating under reduced pressure to obtain the composite transpiration-resistant base material.
3. The film type plant antitranspirant according to claim 2, wherein the activating agent in step (1): according to the mass ratio of 2-5: 1: and 3-7, mixing OP-10, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrogen-containing silicone oil to obtain the activator.
4. The film type plant antitranspirant according to claim 2, wherein the monomer liquid in the step (2): according to the mass ratio of 1: 6-9: 1-3: 30 mixing acrylic acid, styrene, acrylamide and NaOH solution to obtain the monomer liquid.
5. The film-type plant antitranspirant according to claim 2, wherein the pretreated metakaolin in the step (2): according to the mass ratio of 1: 7-12: and 35, mixing and stirring metakaolin, chitosan and an acetic acid solution, adjusting the pH value, stirring, filtering, collecting filter residues and drying to obtain the pretreated metakaolin.
6. The film type plant antitranspirant according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary grinding material in step (2): according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3-7, mixing triethyl citrate and castor oil to obtain the grinding aid.
7. The film type plant antitranspirant according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the auxiliary film-forming material comprises: according to the mass parts, 20-35 parts of modified guar gum, 6-10 parts of zein, 1-3 parts of auxiliary materials, 4-8 parts of nitrocellulose, 2-5 parts of additives and 80-100 parts of ethanol solution are taken, the zein, the nitrocellulose and the ethanol solution are taken, mixed and stirred at the temperature of 23-35 ℃, the temperature is increased to 45-55 ℃, the modified guar gum, the auxiliary materials and the additives are added, mixed, sheared and dispersed, and evaporated under reduced pressure to constant weight, so that the auxiliary film forming material is obtained.
8. The film-type plant antitranspirant according to claim 7, wherein the modified guar gum: at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 6-10, mixing and stirring guar gum and a NaOH solution, heating to 60-75 ℃, adding dodecyl glycidyl ether accounting for 10-15% of the mass of the guar gum, mixing, carrying out heat preservation and reflux, adjusting the pH value, precipitating with acetone, filtering, collecting a filter cake, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified guar gum.
9. The film type plant antitranspirant according to claim 7, wherein the additive: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 3-7, mixing ethylene glycol and alcohol ester twelve to obtain the additive.
10. The film type plant antitranspirant as claimed in claim 7, wherein the auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 1-3, mixing the polyethylene wax and the magnesium stearate to obtain the auxiliary material.
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