CN111114306A

CN111114306A - Construction machine

Info

Publication number: CN111114306A
Application number: CN202010002936.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂一彪; 吴德志; 高荣芝
Original assignee: Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-02
Filing date: 2020-01-02
Publication date: 2020-05-08

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering, and discloses engineering machinery, wherein the engineering machinery comprises a main engine (10), an electric machine (20), an energy storage device (30), a running system (40) and a working system (50), the electric machine (20) can be used as a motor and a generator, so that the working system (50) can be driven as the motor and electric energy can be supplied to the energy storage device (30) as the generator, and the main engine (10) can be used for driving the running system (40) and generating electricity through the electric machine (20). The engineering machinery can have multiple working modes, wherein the driving system and the working system are driven by the main engine and the motor respectively, so that the main engine and the motor are ensured to work in an economic and efficient region respectively, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Construction machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering, in particular to engineering machinery.

Background

A construction machine (e.g., a mixer truck, a concrete pump truck, etc.) is an indispensable device in construction, and generally includes a work system for operating a work mechanism (e.g., a mixer drum, etc.) thereof and a travel system for traveling. In the conventional construction machine, an engine is generally used for providing driving force for a working system and a running system, for example, when the working system is working, the engine needs to be started to provide driving force for the working system even if the running system is in a stop state. The engine cannot work at the optimum working condition at this time, resulting in low efficiency and increased cost due to high oil consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems of efficiency and cost in the prior art and provide a construction machine which has higher working efficiency and reduced cost.

In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a construction machine including a main engine, an electric machine, an energy storage device, a travel system, and a work system, the electric machine being configured to be capable of functioning as an electric motor and an electric generator to be capable of driving the work system as an electric motor and to be capable of supplying electric energy to the energy storage device as an electric generator, the main engine being configured to be capable of driving the travel system and being capable of generating electric power by the electric motor.

Preferably, the working machine includes a first clutch, the main engine is configured to generate power by the electric machine in a state where the first clutch is engaged, and the travel system includes a transmission case and is connected to the main engine through the transmission case.

Preferably, the main engine includes a first power take-off and a second power take-off, the transmission is connected to the first power take-off, and the first clutch is connected to the second power take-off.

Preferably, the running system includes a second clutch, the transmission is connected to the main engine through the second clutch, and the first clutch is connected to the transmission.

Preferably, the working machine includes a control device for controlling operation of at least one of the energy storage device, the travel system, the main engine, and the motor.

Preferably, the working machine comprises detection means for detecting operating parameters of the travelling system and/or the energy storage means, and the control means is arranged to be able to control the operation of at least one of the energy storage means, the main engine and the electric machine in dependence on feedback from the detection means.

Preferably, the control device is configured to be capable of performing at least any one of the following controls:

driving the traveling system by the main engine;

driving the operating system by the motor;

and the main engine drives the motor to generate electricity for the energy storage device.

Preferably, the operation system comprises an actuator and a transmission device connected to the actuator, the transmission device being connected to the motor.

Preferably, the transmission device comprises a speed reducer, and the motor can recover and store the braking energy of the working system in the energy storage device; alternatively, the transmission includes an oil pump assembly.

Preferably, the engineering machinery is a mixer truck, the actuating mechanism is a mixing drum, and the transmission device is a speed reducer.

Preferably: the motor or the energy storage assembly comprises an AC/DC converter, and the motor is connected with the energy storage device through the AC/DC converter; and/or the energy storage device comprises an interface used for being connected with an external power supply, and the interface comprises a charging port used for charging the energy storage device and/or a power supply port connected with the motor so as to drive the motor to work through the external power supply.

Through the technical scheme, the engineering machine can have multiple working modes, wherein the driving system and the working system are driven by the main engine and the motor respectively, so that the main engine and the motor are ensured to work in an economic and efficient region respectively, and the working efficiency is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a relationship of respective main parts of an embodiment of a construction machine according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between main parts of another embodiment of the construction machine according to the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

10-main engine, 20-motor, 30-energy storage device, 31-AC/DC converter, 32-interface, 40-running system, 41-gearbox, 42-running device, 43-second clutch, 50-operation system, 51-actuator, 52-transmission device, 60-first clutch, 70-control device and 80-external power supply.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

In the present invention, the use of directional terms such as "upper, lower, left, right" generally means upper, lower, left, right as viewed with reference to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified; "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the components themselves. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

The invention provides a construction machine, which comprises a main engine 10, an electric machine 20, an energy storage device 30, a running system 40 and a working system 50, wherein the electric machine 20 is arranged to be capable of being used as a motor and a generator so as to be capable of driving the working system 50 as a motor and supplying electric energy to the energy storage device 30 as a generator, and the main engine 10 is arranged to be capable of driving the running system 40 and generating electricity through the electric machine 20.

The construction machine of the present invention can have various operation modes including driving the traveling system 40 and the working system 50 by the main engine 10 and the motor 20, respectively, to ensure that the main engine 10 and the motor 20 are operated in an economical and efficient area, respectively, thereby improving the working efficiency. Specifically, when a parking operation is required, the main engine 10 may be turned off, and power is supplied to the motor 20 through the energy storage device 30, so that the motor 20 drives the operation system 50 to perform an operation in an economically efficient area, thereby improving operation efficiency.

In addition, the work machine of the present invention may have other modes of operation, as will be described in more detail below.

In order to drive the traveling system 40 by the main engine 10, the traveling system 40 includes a transmission 41 and is connected to the main engine 10 through the transmission 41.

Alternatively, to facilitate the selective use of the main engine 10 for generating electricity via the electric machine 20, the work machine comprises a first clutch 60, and the main engine 10 is arranged to generate electricity via the electric machine 20 in a state in which the first clutch 60 is engaged.

The first clutch 60 may be provided in a suitable position, as required, to be engaged under suitable conditions and to allow the main engine 10 to generate electricity by the electric machine 20.

The clutch according to the present invention is a device or mechanism that can switch power on and off, and may be, for example, various clutches widely used in the automobile industry.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the main engine 10 may include a first power take-off and a second power take-off, the transmission case 41 being connected to the first power take-off, and the first clutch 60 being connected to the second power take-off. In the present embodiment, the transmission case 41 and the first clutch 60 take power from the main engine 10 through the first power take-off port and the second power take-off port, respectively, for driving the traveling system 40 and the working system 50, respectively. Wherein when the first clutch 60 is disengaged, the entire output of the main engine 10 can be supplied to the running system 40 through the first power take-off 41; when first clutch 60 is engaged, all (when travel system 40 is stopped) or a part (when travel system 40 and work system 50 are simultaneously operated) of output of main engine 10 may be supplied to motor 20 from the second power take-off port as needed.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the running system 40 may include a second clutch 43, the transmission case 41 is connected to the main engine 10 through the second clutch 43, and the first clutch 60 is connected to the transmission case 41. In the present embodiment, the main engine 10 may be of a type that does not have a plurality of power take-offs, and the output of the main engine 10 may be divided at the transmission 41.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the gearbox 41 can also be driven by the electric motor 20 to realize an electric drive of the travel system 40. When the driving system 40 brakes, the braking energy may be recovered by the motor 20, and the mechanical energy may be converted into electric energy and stored in the energy storage device 30.

To facilitate a plurality of operating modes of the work machine, the work machine comprises a control device 70 for controlling the operation of at least one of the energy storage device 30, the travel system 40, the main engine 10 and the electric machine 20.

The control device 70 may include specific components, for example, a motor controller (controlling the motor 20), an energy management controller (controlling the energy storage device 30), a clutch controller (controlling the first clutch 60 and/or the second clutch 43), a transmission controller (controlling the transmission 41), a brake controller (controlling the brake of the traveling system 40), and the like, according to specific components to be controlled.

In addition, the control device 70 may be arranged to perform a corresponding control depending on the state of the travel system 40 and/or the energy storage device 30, for which purpose the work machine comprises detection means for detecting operating parameters of the travel system 40 and/or the energy storage device 30, the control device 70 being arranged to be able to control the operation of at least one of the energy storage device 30, the main engine 10 and the electric machine 20 depending on the feedback of the detection means.

The detection device may be of various suitable types, for example, the output rotation speed and torque of the transmission 41 of the running system 40, the wheel rotation speed of the running gear 42 of the running system 40, the electric quantity of the energy storage device 30, the state parameter of the brake pedal, etc., according to the detected operating parameter. Based on these operating parameters, the control device 70 can perform corresponding control. For example, when the wheel speed of the traveling unit 42 fed back by the detection device is 0, the control device 70 determines that the vehicle is stopped, and when the electric quantity of the energy storage device 30 is sufficient and the work is performed by the work system 50, the control device 70 may control the energy storage device 30 to supply power to the motor 20 so as to drive the work system 50 to operate by the motor 20. Preferably, the control device 70 is configured to be capable of performing at least any one of the following controls:

in the first mode: driving the running system 40 by the main engine 10;

in the second mode: driving the work system 50 by the motor 20;

in the third mode: the main engine 10 drives the electric motor 20 to generate electricity for the energy storage device 30.

The application of the various modes described above is described in detail below with reference to the embodiment of fig. 1.

In the first mode: in this mode, the traveling system 40 is driven by the main engine 10, and at this time, the second clutch 43 is engaged. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: main engine 10 → second clutch 43 → transmission 41 → traveling device 42.

In the second mode: this mode is used for the working state of the construction machine, in which the electric motor 20 is powered by the energy storage device 30 and the working system 50 is driven by the electric motor 20. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: energy storage device 30 → motor 20 → work system 50. Here, the energy storage device 30 may be externally connected to a power source to supply power of the external power source to the motor 20.

In the third mode: this mode is typically used for a parking state of the work machine, in which the gearbox 41 is in neutral, the work machine is in a parking state, and the main engine 10 is now used to power the electric machine 20 to charge the energy storage means 30. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: main engine 10 → electric machine 20 → energy storage device 30.

The third mode is particularly useful in the case of temporary stops (e.g., red lights), where the main engine 10 does not need to be idled or repeatedly started and stopped.

Of course, the above modes may be used in combination without interfering with each other. For example, there may be a travel operation mode: in this case, the traveling system 40 is in a traveling state and the working system 50 is in a working state (for example, the concrete mixer truck is mixing the mixing drum simultaneously during traveling). At this time, the first mode and the second mode are mixed, the main engine 10 is used to drive the traveling system 40, the accumulator unit 30 supplies power to the motor 20, and the motor 20 drives the work system 50. For another example, it is also possible to mix the first mode and the third mode, the main engine 10 driving the running system 40 while charging the accumulator device 30 by the electric motor 20.

The application of the various modes described above is described below with reference to the embodiment of fig. 2.

In the second mode: this mode is used for the working state of the construction machine, in which the electric motor 20 is powered by the energy storage device 30 and the working system 50 is driven by the electric motor 20. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: energy storage device 30 → motor 20 → work system 50. Here, the energy storage device 50 may be externally connected to a power source to supply power of the external power source to the motor 20.

In the third mode: this mode is used for a parking state of the construction machine, in which the gearbox 41 can be put into neutral, the construction machine is in a parking state, and the main engine 10 is used for driving the electric machine 20 to charge the energy storage device 30. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: main engine 10 → second clutch 43 → transmission case 41 → first clutch 60 → electric machine 20 → energy storage device 30.

Of course, the above modes may be used in combination without interfering with each other. For example, the following modes may be provided: the mode travel system 40 is in a travel state and the work system 50 is in a work state (e.g., the concrete mixer truck is mixing the mixing drum simultaneously during travel). At this time, the first mode and the second mode are mixed, the main engine 10 is used to drive the traveling system 40, the accumulator unit 30 supplies power to the motor 20, and the motor 20 drives the work system 50.

Other modes can be added to the embodiment of fig. 2, specifically:

parking operation mode: this mode drives the work system 50 by the main engine 10, and the traveling system 40 may be temporarily stopped (in neutral), and the main engine 10 is used to drive the motor 20 and drive the work system 50 by the motor 20. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: main engine 10 → second clutch 43 → transmission case 41 → first clutch 60 → electric machine 20 → operation system 50.

Travel energy recovery mode: this mode can recover the mechanical energy of the recovery travel system 40 during braking and store the mechanical energy in the form of electric energy in the energy storage device 30. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: travel device 42 → gearbox 41 → first clutch 60 → electric machine 20 → energy storage device 30.

Electric driving mode: this mode can drive the traveling system 40 by the electric energy of the energy storage device 30. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: energy storage device 30 → electric machine 20 → first clutch 60 → transmission 41 → travel device 42.

The above modes may be used in combination without mutual exclusion, for example, the second mode and the electric drive mode may be combined, and in this mode, the energy storage device 30 may be used as an emergency (e.g., fuel-starved) power backup while driving the drive system 40 and the work system 50.

To facilitate the conversion and storage of electrical energy, a corresponding converter may be provided on the energy storage device 30 or the electric machine 20. Specifically, the motor 20 or the energy storage assembly 30 includes an AC/DC converter 31, the motor 20 is connected to the energy storage device 30 through the AC/DC converter 31, and the AC/DC converter 31 can perform a function of bidirectional conversion between alternating current and direct current.

Furthermore, to facilitate operation by electric energy, the work machine may comprise an interface 32 for connection to an external power source 80, the interface 32 comprising a charging port for charging the energy storage means 30 and/or a power supply port connected to the electric motor 20 for operation by the external power source for driving the electric motor 20. Therefore, when the construction machine is in a state of convenient charging (with the external power supply 80), the energy storage device 30 can be charged from the external power supply 80 through the charging port, and the electric motor 20 can be directly supplied with power from the power supply through the power supply port to drive the work system.

Furthermore, the operation system 50 includes an actuator 51 (e.g., a mixing drum, a telescopic boom, etc.) and a transmission 52 connected to the actuator 51, wherein the transmission 52 is connected to the motor 20. Wherein the transmission 52 may take a corresponding form according to the various specific actuators 51. For example, when the actuator 51 is of the electric type (for example a mixing drum), the transmission 52 may be a reducer; when the actuator 51 is of a hydraulically actuated type (e.g. a telescopic boom), the transmission 52 may be an oil pump assembly.

When the transmission 52 is a speed reducer or the like to drive the electric actuator 51, a work energy recovery mode may be added, and mechanical energy generated during braking of the work system 50 may be recovered and stored in the energy storage device 30 as electric energy. The specific energy transfer route is as follows: actuator 51 → transmission 52 → motor 20 → energy storage device 30. Taking a mixer truck as an example, the transmission device 52 is a speed reducer, the actuator 51 is a mixing drum, and when the rotation speed of the mixing drum is reduced from a high speed to a low speed or the mixing drum is stopped, mechanical energy in the process of rotation braking of the mixing drum can be recovered by the motor 20 and stored in the energy storage device 30.

In the present invention, the electric quantity state of the energy storage device 30 may be determined by the control device 70, and the selection and activation of the operation mode for charging the energy storage device 30 may be controlled according to the factors of the recovered mechanical energy (e.g., the braking force of the running system 40 and the actuator 51, and the state of the main engine 10).

Further, in the present invention, the electric machine 20 may also serve as a starter motor for the main engine 10, and specifically, the first clutch 60 is partially engaged, and the energy storage device 40 powers the electric machine 20 to cause the electric machine 20 to provide torque (e.g., torque ramp-up) to the main engine 10 to start the main engine 10. When the rotational speed of the main engine 10 reaches the rotational speed of the motor 20, the first clutch 60 is fully engaged.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention. The invention includes the combination of the individual features in any suitable manner. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

Claims

1. A working machine, characterized in that the working machine comprises a main engine (10), an electric machine (20), an energy storage (30), a travel system (40) and a working system (50), the electric machine (20) being arranged to be able to function as both an electric motor and an electric generator in order to be able to drive the working system (50) as an electric motor and to be able to supply electric energy to the energy storage (30) as an electric generator, the main engine (10) being arranged to be able to drive the travel system (40) and to be able to generate electric energy by means of the electric machine (20).

2. A working machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working machine comprises a first clutch (60), that the main engine (10) is arranged to generate electricity by means of the electric machine (10) in a state in which the first clutch (60) is engaged, and that the travel system (40) comprises a gearbox (41) and is connected to the main engine (10) via the gearbox (41).

3. A working machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the main engine (10) comprises a first power take-off to which the gearbox (41) is connected and a second power take-off to which the first clutch (60) is connected.

4. A working machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the travelling system (40) comprises a second clutch (43), by means of which second clutch (43) the gearbox (41) is connected to the main engine (10), and that the first clutch (60) is connected to the gearbox (41).

5. A working machine according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the working machine comprises a control device (70) for controlling the operation of at least one of the energy storage device (30), the travelling system (40), the main engine (10) and the electric machine (20).

6. A working machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the working machine comprises detection means for detecting operating parameters of the travelling system (40) and/or the energy storage means (30), and that the control device (70) is arranged to be able to control the operation of at least one of the energy storage means (30), the main engine (10) and the electric machine (20) in dependence of feedback from the detection means.

7. A working machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the control device (70) is arranged to be able to control at least any of:

-driving the running system (40) by means of the main engine (10);

-driving the work system (50) by means of the electric motor (20);

the main engine (10) drives the motor (20) to generate electricity for the energy storage device (30).

8. A working machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the working system (50) comprises an actuator (51) and a transmission (52) connected to the actuator (51), which transmission (52) is connected to the electric motor (20).

9. The working machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the transmission (52) comprises a speed reducer, the electric machine (20) being capable of recovering and storing braking energy of the working system (50) in the energy storage means (30); alternatively, the transmission (52) includes an oil pump assembly.

10. The working machine according to claim 9, wherein the working machine is a mixer truck, the actuator (51) is a mixer drum, and the transmission (52) is a reducer.

11. A working machine according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the electric machine (20) or the energy storage assembly (30) comprises an AC/DC converter (31), the electric machine (20) is connected to the energy storage device (30) through the AC/DC converter (31);

and/or the energy storage device (30) comprises an interface (32) used for being connected with an external power supply (80), and the interface (32) comprises a charging port used for charging the energy storage device (30) and/or a power supply port connected with the motor (20) to drive the motor (20) to work through the external power supply.