CN111114053B - 厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫 - Google Patents

厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫 Download PDF

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CN111114053B
CN111114053B CN201911343441.0A CN201911343441A CN111114053B CN 111114053 B CN111114053 B CN 111114053B CN 201911343441 A CN201911343441 A CN 201911343441A CN 111114053 B CN111114053 B CN 111114053B
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陈继刚
石小鹏
张强
韩景宏
杨旭
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Abstract

本发明提供一种厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，该衬垫包括三层纤维无纺布层；无纺布层的纤维丝在平面方向表现为随机分布，三层无纺布层通过热固性树脂胶铺层粘接。由于无纺布由平面方向杂乱分布的细观纤维丝组成，通过熔融喷丝等工艺制成，纤维丝交叉与粘接，纤维丝方向随机分布，在平面内的各个方向不存在性能突变，纤维束中的细观纤维不易连续的断裂与扩散；而且无纺布制备过程中调整与增强组分材料方便，在无纺布喷丝制造过程中，可以灵活地调节组分纤维的体积含量，从而在厚度方向实现梯度功能适应，提高了衬垫的综合力学性能，同时具有更好的自润滑性能、抗拉压性能和导热性能。

Description

厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫
技术领域
本发明涉及轴承技术领域，尤其涉一种厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫。
背景技术
目前航空自润滑衬垫多为复合机织衬垫。机织衬垫采用纤维束机织成布料，经过胶体浸渍、固化复合而成，现有的机织自润滑衬垫制备工艺是：将不同纤维束均匀混合成纱线，通过机织的方式，让纱线在经度和纬度方向上交互编织形成纤维织物，将浸渍液均匀涂覆在纤维织物上，压制固化形成自润滑衬垫。从应用性能角度分析，在衬垫的厚度方向需要不同的功能，如：靠近摩擦接触面的部分，需要有良好的自润滑功能，较低的摩擦系数；在中间层，需要有较好柔韧性与抗拉抗压强度；在靠近粘贴基体的部分，需要有良好的粘接性与导热性能。但是，对于机织衬垫，仅能通过有限的几种机织编织结构与组分纤维的改变，形成组分纤维束的不同配比，从而实现接触面的力学性能改变，尚不能很好满足应用需求。并且通过机织编织形成的衬垫，会出现经纬方向纤维束交叉点，交叉点处的纤维束，细观上看，其边缘的纤维丝易出现断裂，使用中随着工况条件的持续，纤维束边缘的局部纤维丝断裂，易于连续扩散到整股纤维束，严重影响衬垫性能；另外一个方面，机织物衬垫在平面内，存在拉压性能各向异性和剪切性能突变。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是研发一种克服其纤维束经纬交叉带来的缺陷，且具有向功能适应性、较好的摩擦磨损性能、抗拉压性能和良好的导热性能的衬垫。
为解决技术问题，本发明提出一种厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，该衬垫包括三层纤维无纺布层；
所述三层纤维无纺布层的第一层为工作层，所述工作层的PTFE纤维体积含量为70％-80％、增强纤维体积含量为20％-30％；
所述三层纤维无纺布层的第二层为增强层，所述增强层的PTFE纤维体积含量为20％-30％、增强纤维体积含量为70％-80％；
所述三层纤维无纺布层的第三层为粘贴层，所述粘贴层PTFE纤维体积含量为15％-25％、增强纤维体积含量为55％-65％，并复合体积含量10％-30％的机织金属网，所述机织金属网为平纹机织，丝径为0.06-0.10mm，经纬间距为0.30-0.36mm；
所述三层纤维无纺布层的厚度都为0.08-0.12mm，纤维丝径为0.02-0.04um，无纺布目数为50-200目，纤维丝在平面方向表现为随机分布；所述方向随机分布的纤维丝，使得衬垫在平面方向上不会出现性能突变；
所述三层无纺布层通过热固性树脂胶铺层粘接。
优选的，所述纤维无纺布层的厚度为0.1mm，纤维丝径为0.03um，无纺布目数为125目。
优选的，所述增强层中，所述增强纤维选用砜纶纤维或芳纶纤维。
优选的，所述粘贴层中，所述金属网为铜质平纹机织。
优选的，所述粘贴层中，所述铜质金属网为铜质丝径为0.08mm，经纬间距为0.33mm，铜质的金属网具有良好的导热性能，能够将摩擦产生的摩擦热传导出去。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
无纺布由平面方向杂乱分布的细观纤维丝组成，通过熔融喷丝等工艺制成，纤维丝交叉与粘接，纤维丝方向随机分布，在平面内的各个方向不存在性能突变，纤维束中的细观纤维不易连续的断裂与扩散；无纺布制备过程中调整与增强组分材料方便，在无纺布喷丝制造过程中，可以灵活地调节组分纤维的体积含量，从而在厚度方向实现梯度功能适应，提高了衬垫的综合力学性能，同时具有更好的自润滑性能、抗拉压性能和导热性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的衬垫结构示意图；以及
图2是本发明实施例衬垫在厚度方向上剖面的局部视图。
附图标记：
1-工作层、2-增强层、3-粘贴层、4-热固性树脂胶、5-工作面、6-粘贴面。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提出一种厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，包括三层纤维无纺布层，其中，三层纤维无纺布层分别为工作层1、增强层2和粘贴层3，依次通过热固性树脂胶4铺层粘接而成，图2是本发明实施例衬垫在厚度方向上剖面的局部视图。
本实施例中，工作层1由体积含量为75％的PTFE纤维与体积含量为25％的增强纤维复合而成。
增强层2由体积含量为25％的PTFE纤维与体积含量为75％的增强纤维复合而成。
粘贴层3由体积含量为25％的PTFE纤维及体积含量为60％的增强纤维与体积含量15％的机织金属网复合而成。
三层纤维无纺布层的厚度为0.1mm，纤维丝径为0.03um，无纺布目数为125目。纤维丝在平面方向表现为随机分布，方向随机分布的纤维丝，使得衬垫在平面方向上不会出现性能突变。
增强纤维优选用砜纶纤维或芳纶纤维。
粘贴层3中的金属网为铜质平纹机织，丝径为0.08mm，经纬间距为0.33mm。铜质的金属网具有良好的导热性能，能够将摩擦产生的摩擦热传导出去。
说明本发明实施例中提出一种厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫的制备过程：
将不同比例的PTFE纤维和增强纤维熔融喷丝制成工作层1和增强层2，增强层2通过热固性树脂胶4粘贴在工作层1上。将不同比例的PTFE纤维和增强纤维熔融喷丝在金属网上，制成粘贴层3，粘贴层3通过热固性树脂胶4粘贴在增强层2上，然后，在粘贴层3上铺层热固性树脂胶4，最后，经过粘接而成的衬垫，其工作面5以及粘贴面6分别铺上一层蜡光纸，在具有加热保温功能的压机上压制成型，温度保持在80℃上下压制40分钟左右，最终得到衬垫。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，其特征在于，该衬垫包括三层纤维无纺布层；所述三层纤维无纺布层的第一层为工作层，所述工作层的PTFE纤维体积含量为70％-80％、增强纤维体积含量为20％-30％；所述三层纤维无纺布层的第二层为增强层，所述增强层的PTFE纤维体积含量为20％-30％、增强纤维体积含量为70％-80％；所述三层纤维无纺布层的第三层为粘贴层，所述粘贴层PTFE纤维体积含量为15％-25％、增强纤维体积含量为55％-65％，并复合体积含量10％-30％的机织金属网，所述机织金属网为平纹机织，丝径为0.06-0.10mm，经纬间距为0.30-0.36mm；所述工作层、增强层和粘贴层的厚度都为0.08-0.12mm，纤维丝径为0.02-0.04μm，无纺布目数为50-200目，所述纤维丝在平面方向表现为随机分布；所述三层无纺布层通过热固性树脂胶铺层粘接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，其特征在于，所述纤维无纺布层的厚度为0.1mm，纤维丝径为0.03μm，无纺布目数为125目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，其特征在于，所述增强层中，所述增强纤维选用砜纶纤维或芳纶纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，其特征在于，所述粘贴层中，所述金属网为铜质平纹机织。
5.根据权利要求4所述的厚向带梯度分布的无纺布复合自润滑衬垫，其特征在于，所述粘贴层中，所述铜质金属网为铜质丝径为0.08mm，经纬间距为0.33mm。
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