CN111105926B - Preparation method of flexible piezoresistive sensor of transformer and transformer - Google Patents
Preparation method of flexible piezoresistive sensor of transformer and transformer Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
- H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer, which comprises the following steps: preparing a matrix mixed solution; spraying the matrix mixed solution on the outer surface of the transformer body to form a piezoresistive layer; and forming electrodes which are laminated with the piezoresistive layer parts on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the flexible piezoelectric sensor. The method comprises the steps of firstly preparing a matrix mixed solution, then spraying the matrix mixed solution on the outer surface of the transformer body to form a piezoresistive layer on the outer surface of the transformer body, and finally forming an electrode which is laminated with the piezoresistive layer on the outer surface of the transformer body, thereby finally forming the flexible piezoelectric sensor. The flexible piezoresistive sensor is fast to manufacture, is formed on the outer surface of a transformer, and is convenient to maintain and replace even if the flexible piezoresistive sensor is damaged in the using process. The application also provides a transformer which comprises the flexible piezoresistive sensor prepared by the method.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of piezoresistive sensors of transformers, in particular to a preparation method of a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer and the transformer.
Background
The noise control is a key problem which is necessary to consider the surrounding environment and the living of residents in the construction of power transmission and transformation projects, along with the continuous expansion of the scale of urban construction and the higher and higher requirements of residents on the living environment, the noise problem of the power transformer gradually becomes the focus of attention of people, the smooth progress of power grid construction is seriously influenced by related disputes generated by the noise problem, the noise characteristics of the transformer and the related reasons causing noise abnormity are analyzed, a noise control scheme is made according to the related reasons, and the noise control scheme has important significance for the noise control and the improvement of the living comfort of the environment. The application provides a preparation method of a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer and the transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a preparation method of a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer and the transformer.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: the preparation method of the flexible piezoresistive sensor of the transformer comprises the following steps:
preparing a matrix mixed solution;
spraying the matrix mixed solution on the outer surface of the transformer to form a piezoresistive layer;
forming electrodes on an outer surface of the transformer in a layered arrangement with the piezoresistive layer portions forms a flexible piezoelectric sensor.
The present application further provides a transformer comprising a transformer body, and a flexible piezoresistive sensor of the transformer as described above formed on the transformer body.
According to the preparation method of the flexible piezoresistive sensor of the transformer, the matrix mixed liquid is firstly prepared, then the matrix mixed liquid is sprayed on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the piezoresistive layer on the outer surface of the transformer body, and finally the electrode which is laminated with the piezoresistive layer is formed on the outer surface of the transformer body, so that the flexible piezoelectric sensor is finally formed. The flexible piezoresistive sensor is fast to manufacture, is formed on the outer surface of a transformer, and is convenient to maintain and replace even if the flexible piezoresistive sensor is damaged in the using process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method of fabricating a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method of fabricating a flexible piezoresistive sensor of the present application for a transformer in another embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transformer according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
To better illustrate the point of improvement of the present application, the background of the use of piezoresistive sensors in the lower transformer is first introduced, as well as the drawbacks that exist with the improved front piezoresistive sensors. The flexible piezoresistive sensor provided by the application is suitable for all transformers, and is particularly suitable for oil-immersed transformers.
The oil-immersed transformer is used as an important node of a power supply and transmission point project, the generated noise often affects the surrounding environment, the pollution of sound to a certain degree is caused, and even the partial discharge in the transformer causes larger noise. Under the normal working state of the oil-immersed transformer, the noise is mainly generated due to the vibration sound caused by the magnetostriction of the iron core or the structural vibration sound caused by the deformation and the relaxation of the winding, and the noise of the oil-immersed transformer can also change greatly due to the increase of the service life of the transformer, so that the monitoring of the noise of the transformer body is very important for the structural health monitoring of the transformer.
Generally, acoustic sensors are used for noise monitoring as the main sensor element, and common acoustic sensors are mainly used in air or water. For an oil immersed transformer, a sensor which can directly work for a long time under the working condition of contacting transformer oil does not exist temporarily. Common capacitive sensors are mainly made of piezoelectric films, and if the sensors contact transformer oil, the piezoelectric films are depolarized due to long-term temperature and electric field influences, so that the sensors fail. Sensors used underwater such as underwater sonars and hydrophones are usually made of rubber materials as sealing and packaging materials, and the expansion and temperature sensitivity change of the rubber materials can be caused by the fact that transformer oil floats at dozens of degrees centigrade due to the load operation condition of a transformer. The requirements for the sensor in the oil-immersed transformer environment are extremely high. The transformer noise monitoring method before structure improvement is to arrange a plurality of sensors inside an oil tank of an oil-immersed transformer to detect the transformer noise. Before the structure improvement, the sensor is soaked in transformer oil, the volume is large, the communication cable is placed in the oil, the requirement on the insulation distance inside the transformer is high, the sensor is mounted in the manufacturing process and needs to be completed before the assembly of the transformer hanging cover, if the sensor inside the oil-immersed transformer is damaged, the timely replacement cannot be achieved, and the replacement economic cost and the replacement time cost are huge.
Before the structure is improved, no special sensor is provided for the oil immersed transformer under the working conditions of large temperature change, insulation requirement and transformer oil corrosion resistance. The sensor before the structural improvement can cause the internal structure of the sensor material to change due to the change of temperature, thereby causing the change of the output performance of the sensor. The transformer inner body and the lead wire have extremely high requirements on the insulation degree of the inner structure of the transformer, otherwise, internal partial discharge is caused, and therefore, faults caused by the partial discharge are generated in the transformer. The transformer oil is mineral oil, the main components of the transformer oil are compounds such as alkane, naphthenic saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon and the like, and the transformer oil has a dissolving effect on rubber and membranes and influences the performance of a sensor. If the sensor mounted in the transformer fails, the sensor needs to be replaced to carry out cover hanging operation on the transformer, so that huge waste of economic cost and time cost is caused.
The application provides a preparation method of a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer, so that the prepared flexible piezoresistive sensor can be suitable for general transformers and oil-immersed transformers. The present application is described below by way of examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the method comprises steps 101 to 103, wherein:
step 101: preparing a matrix mixed solution.
The raw materials that are prepared to form the piezoresistive layer in step 102 are mixed together and stirred in step 101 to form a matrix mixture. Specifically, the components for preparing the matrix mixed solution include two major types, one is carbon nano conductive particles, and the other is a polymer liquid. In step 101, the carbon nano conductive particles are mixed with a polymer liquid and stirred to form a matrix mixed solution.
Optionally, the carbon nano conductive particles comprise at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene or carbon black, for example. The polymer liquid includes, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or (PDMF), and polyvinylidene fluoride mainly refers to a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer or a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and other small amount of fluorine-containing vinyl monomers, and has the characteristics of both fluororesins and general-purpose resins, and has excellent chemical properties such as good chemical corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, weather resistance, and radiation resistance. The substrate of the flexible piezoresistive sensor is selected as the substrate of the flexible piezoresistive sensor.
The method comprises the following specific steps: first, the above two materials are dissolved, and polyvinylidene fluoride and carbon-based dopant powder thereof are selected and dissolved. Generally stirring at normal temperature until completely dissolving, then doping a certain mass fraction of nano conductive particles, such as graphene, and pouring into an ultrasonic stirrer for sufficient stirring to uniformly distribute the nano conductive particles in the matrix. Of course, in other embodiments, other machines may be used for stirring, or manual stirring, and is not limited herein.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the matrix mixture includes an organic solvent, and the carbon nano-conductive particles and the polymer liquid are dissolved in the organic solvent. Optionally, the organic solvent comprises at least one of Dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone.
Step 102: and spraying a matrix mixed solution on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the piezoresistive layer.
After step 101, a matrix mixture for forming a piezoresistive layer is prepared, and step 102, a matrix mixture is sprayed on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the piezoresistive layer. Specifically, the prepared matrix mixed solution is placed in spraying equipment, and finally, spraying is carried out on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the piezoresistive layer. Specifically, the piezoresistive layer may be rectangular, circular or other regular or irregular shapes, and is not particularly limited herein. Understandably, the spraying mode has high speed and uniform film formation.
It is to be understood that, in one embodiment, the step of spraying the matrix mixture on the outer surface of the transformer to form the piezoresistive layer includes: and cleaning the transformer at the position where the piezoresistive layer is to be formed by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water. Thereby the surface of the transformer body is smooth and is beneficial to the adhesion of the piezoresistive layer.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the piezoresistive layer is heated after step 102, so that the organic solvent in the piezoresistive layer is volatilized. Specifically, the sprayed piezoresistive layer may be heated using a heating filament to volatilize Dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone organic solvents in the solvent, thereby making the piezoresistive layer formed not too soft. This step accelerates the drying process by heating, and other embodiments may also use other methods, such as blowing or natural drying, which is not limited herein.
Step 103: the flexible piezoelectric sensor is formed by forming an electrode on the outer surface of the transformer body, the electrode being laminated with the piezoresistive layer portion.
It will be appreciated that electrodes are necessary for the flexible piezoresistive sensor to be able to operate. After step 102, forming an electrode laminated with the piezoresistive layer part on the outer surface of the transformer body, and finally forming the flexible piezoelectric sensor. Specifically, the material forming the electrode includes a metal nano conductive paste.
The flexible piezoresistive sensor prepared by the method has the advantages of very short preparation time, very high speed and uniform film formation; in addition, the flexible piezoresistive sensor prepared by the method mainly comprises the steps that PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) high-molecular liquid is used as a matrix and doped with carbon nano conductive particles such as graphene, and due to the characteristics of the PVDF and general resin, the flexible piezoresistive sensor has good chemical corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, weather resistance and ray radiation resistance, and the temperature of long-term use is-40-150 ℃. The matrix component is just suitable for the running environment of the transformer, and the carbon nano conductive particles such as graphene and the like have good conductivity, heat resistance and weather resistance variability, so that the carbon nano conductive particles are very suitable for oil-immersed transformers and are also suitable for other types of transformers. The sensor prepared by the doped material has effective weather resistance to the operation of the transformer and the change of the environment, and is convenient to replace after installation and failure. Has the advantages of light weight, low cost, convenient preparation, reliable performance and the like.
The working principle of the lower piezoresistive sensor on the oil-immersed transformer is explained as follows, and specifically, the specific process of generating the noise signal is as follows: the noise of the oil immersed transformer is mainly caused by magnetostriction of an iron chip and vibration of a structural member, and if partial discharge exists inside the oil immersed transformer, energy of the partial discharge is released in transformer oil and transmitted to an oil tank, and finally, a signal is generated through a flexible piezoresistive sensor on the outer surface of a transformer body. The action of sound waves on a solid fuel tank can generate mechanical waves of solid vibration, the mechanical waves can be transmitted last time through a fuel tank structure, when the mechanical waves are transmitted to the flexible piezoresistive sensor, the mechanical waves can cause the distance of carbon nano conductive particles such as graphene particles in a matrix to change, and a tunnel penetration effect can be generated between the graphene particles by applying voltage on the sensor to influence the resistivity of the flexible piezoresistive sensor. The change of the resistivity can not be directly collected by the signal collecting circuit, the flexible piezoresistive sensor is arranged on the bridge, the change of the resistance is finally reflected on the change of the voltage, the signal of the noise of the oil-immersed transformer can be sensed by collecting the change of the voltage, and the detection effect can be further achieved.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer according to the present application is shown, the method includes steps 201 to 205, where step 201, step 202, and step 204 are respectively consistent with steps 101 to step 103 in the previous embodiment, and are not limited in detail herein. Wherein:
step 201: preparing a matrix mixed solution.
Step 202: and spraying a matrix mixed solution on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the piezoresistive layer.
Step 203: a mask having an electrode shape is provided on an outer surface of the transformer, the mask covering the piezoresistive layer.
It will be understood that the electrodes must form both the left and right poles, and that the patterned structural portions are required to be laminated to the piezoresistive layer, but do not completely cover the piezoresistive layer. Step 203 is to form the electrode by arranging a mask with an electrode shape on the outer surface of the transformer, and covering the piezoresistive layer with the mask, so that the electrode can be formed by spraying the material for forming the electrode on the whole surface in step 204.
Step 204: the flexible piezoelectric sensor is formed by forming an electrode on the outer surface of the transformer body, the electrode being laminated with the piezoresistive layer portion.
Step 205: the mask is removed.
It will be appreciated that the masking is merely to allow for faster and easier formation of the electrodes, and to form electrodes of more desirable shapes. The mask may be removed after the electrodes are formed.
Referring to fig. 3, the present application also provides a transformer 100, the transformer 100 including a transformer body 10, and a flexible piezoresistive sensor 20 formed on the transformer body 10 as set forth in the above embodiments, the flexible piezoresistive sensor 20 including a piezoresistive layer 22 and an electrode 24 disposed partially overlapping the piezoresistive layer 22. This application adopts above structure mainly to solve sensor density low, sensor paste unreliability reinforce, the big scheduling problem of traditional sensor weight in transformer monitoring process, has adopted spraying formula piezoresistive sensor, and this sensor has advantages such as the quality is light, low cost, preparation convenience, dependable performance.
Further, optionally, in another embodiment, the transformer 100 may include a plurality of flexible piezoresistive sensors 20, the plurality of flexible piezoresistive sensors 20 being respectively fixed at different positions on the outer surface of the transformer body 10, as shown in fig. 4. Further, the noise of the transformer body 10 can be detected in multiple directions.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a flexible piezoresistive sensor of a transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a matrix mixed solution; the components of the matrix mixed solution comprise carbon nano conductive particles and high molecular liquid; wherein the carbon nano conductive particles comprise at least one of carbon nano tubes, graphene or carbon black;
spraying the matrix mixed solution on the outer surface of the transformer body to form a piezoresistive layer;
and forming electrodes laminated with the piezoresistive layer parts on the outer surface of the transformer body to form a flexible piezoresistive sensor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of preparing a matrix mixture comprises:
and mixing the carbon nano conductive particles with the high molecular liquid, and stirring to form the matrix mixed liquid.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming electrodes on the outer surface of the transformer body in a layered arrangement with the piezoresistive layer portions to form a flexible piezoresistive sensor is preceded by the steps of:
arranging a mask with an electrode shape on the outer surface of the transformer body, wherein the mask covers the piezoresistive layer;
the step of forming electrodes on the outer surface of the transformer body in a layered arrangement with the piezoresistive layer portions to form a flexible piezoresistive sensor is followed by the step of:
and removing the mask.
4. The method of manufacturing a flexible piezoresistive sensor according to claim 1, wherein the step of spraying the matrix mixture on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the piezoresistive layer is preceded by:
and cleaning the position of the transformer body where the piezoresistive layer is to be formed by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is formed from a material comprising a metal nano conductive paste.
6. The method for fabricating a flexible piezoresistive sensor in a transformer according to any of the claims 1-5, wherein the matrix mixture comprises an organic solvent.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of spraying the matrix mixture on the outer surface of the transformer body to form the piezoresistive layer is followed by the steps of:
and heating the piezoresistive layer to volatilize the organic solvent in the piezoresistive layer.
8. A transformer, characterized by comprising a transformer body and the flexible piezoresistive sensor manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1-7 and formed on the transformer body.
9. The transformer of claim 8, comprising a plurality of the flexible piezoresistive sensors, each at a different location on an outer surface of the transformer body.
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