CN111103901A - Sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting - Google Patents
Sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111103901A CN111103901A CN201911228569.2A CN201911228569A CN111103901A CN 111103901 A CN111103901 A CN 111103901A CN 201911228569 A CN201911228569 A CN 201911228569A CN 111103901 A CN111103901 A CN 111103901A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting, and belongs to the technical field of energy collection. The system comprises a base I, a base II, a rotating shaft I, a rotating shaft II, a support III, an optical device, a transparent optical shell, a motor and a reflector; the base I can rotate around a rotating shaft I; the optical center of the transparent optical shell is positioned on the rotating shaft I; the motor is arranged on the base II; the bracket III and the rotating shaft II are used for fixing the optical device of the transparent optical shell, and the transparent optical shell can rotate around the rotating shaft II; the bracket II is used for fixing an optical device; the optical device can rotate around the bracket II to ensure that the sunlight is received at the maximum angle. The sunlight collecting system with two-dimensional tracking is designed by adopting the self-rotation orientation principle, is suitable for different types of sunlight collecting-emitting systems, and has the advantages of wide adaptability, compact structure and high light energy utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy collection, and relates to a sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting.
Background
The current collection structures related to the sunlight direct illumination technology mainly include the following:
(1) sunlight optical fiber illumination technology. The technology adopts the lens as the sunlight collector, and the lighting system tracks the sunlight in a double-axis tracking mode, so that the lighting surface is always aligned to the sunlight. The structure enables the terminal of the lighting system to change the light emitting direction, and the related coupling optical fiber rotates along with the rotation of the lighting system, so that the problems of light leakage caused by too large bending of the optical fiber or reliability reduction caused by the coupling end and the like are easily caused.
(2) Light guide tube sunlight lighting technology. The technology adopts a high-reflectivity light guide pipe as a transmission medium, a lighting part is usually fixed on the earth surface by a hemispherical lighting cover to play a role of directly transmitting light, and the fixed structure does not have a function of tracking sunlight and has different light energy collected at different moments. At present, the light guide technology with a tracking structure is also researched, but the light guide technology is limited by the structure and the installation structure of the light guide, so that all-weather and all-around sunlight tracking cannot be realized.
(3) Reflection type sunlight illumination technology. There are several reflective direct sunlight lighting technologies. The other is a prism type sunlight reflection illumination system, which has a sunlight tracking function, but the principle of the illumination system cannot ensure that the direction of emergent light is unchanged, and the illumination system cannot realize omnidirectional sunlight tracking structurally. One is a primary reflection or tertiary reflection type sunlight reflection illumination system, only the illumination principle is explained for the illumination system at present, and a directional efficient tracking structure is lacked, so that the system is only in the research stage at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting sunlight, which is a sunlight collecting system with high sunlight utilization rate, self-rotating characteristics and adaptability to engineering applications, and can overcome the contradiction between high utilization rate of reflective lighting light energy and no effective industrial application device.
By the invention, the following aims are achieved:
(1) the cylindrical transparent lighting structure can be vertically rotated, and the self-rotating polar axis tracking principle is combined, so that the high-lighting-ratio omnibearing sunlight collection and directional emergent can be realized;
(2) the tracking structure can place different types of reflective lighting systems in the transparent lighting structure, change the form of the transparent lighting structure according to the structure of the reflector, and realize that different reflective systems realize directional sunlight emergence by combining different algorithms;
(3) the novel high-precision industrialized product structure is realized, and a technical solution is provided for the high-efficiency low-cost application of the sunlight direct illumination technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting comprises a base I (101), a base II (102), a rotating shaft I (103), a rotating shaft II (104), a support II (105), a support III (106), an optical device (108), a transparent optical shell (109), a motor and a reflector (202);
the base I (101) can rotate around a rotating shaft I (103); the optical center of the transparent optical shell (109) is positioned on the rotating shaft I (103);
the motor is arranged on the base II (102);
the bracket III (106) and the rotating shaft II (104) are used for fixing the optical devices of the transparent optical shell (109), and the transparent optical shell (109) can rotate around the rotating shaft II (104);
the bracket II (105) is used for fixing an optical device (108); the optics (108) can rotate around the support II (105) to ensure maximum angle of sunlight reception.
Optionally, the transparent optical housing (109) is spherical, cylindrical or a combination of spherical and cylindrical;
the optical structure of the transparent optical housing (109) is reflective, transmissive or a combination of reflective and lenticular.
Optionally, when the transparent optical housing (109) is a primary reflection system, the center of the reflector (202) coincides with the optical device (108);
in the tracking process, the angle of incident sunlight (203) is a, the transparent optical shell (109) and the reflector (202) perform tracking rotation around a rotating shaft I (103) and a rotating shaft II (104), wherein the rotation angle of the rotating shaft I (103) is determined by the sun azimuth angle or the optical pressure difference determined by a photoelectric sensor;
when the rotation angle is determined by the solar azimuth, the deflection angle is equal to the solar azimuth, and is represented by formula 1:
in the formula, H is the solar altitude and has a complementary relation with the incident angle a; δ is the solar declination angle, represented by formula 2:
wherein n represents the number of days, counted from 1 month to 1 day;
ω represents the time angle, represented by formula 3:
the deflection angle β rotating around the rotation axis II (104) is to ensure that the outgoing light (204) under any sunlight incident angle a is directional light, i.e. the outgoing angle γ of the outgoing light (204) remains unchanged;
the deflection angle β of the mirror (202) is determined by the sunlight incident angle or the light pressure difference determined by the photosensor;
when determined by sunlight incident light, the following relation is satisfied between the sunlight incident angle a and the sunlight incident angle:
in equation 4, α and β should satisfy the following relationship:
when the transparent optical shell (109) is a combined optical system combining convergence and reflection, the optical center of the combination of the converging lens (302) and the curved surface reflector (303) is superposed with the optical device (108), namely, sunlight collected by the converging lens (302) is converged at the optical center and then reflected along a fixed direction by the curved surface reflector (303), the emergent angle gamma of the reflected light is kept unchanged, and the emergent angle is determined by the installation angle of the curved surface reflector (303) according to the irradiation distance;
in order to ensure the maximum sunlight collection rate, the curved surface reflector (303) rotates around the bracket II (105), and the light receiving surface of the curved surface reflector (303) is always aligned to the optical surface of the convergent lens (302) under the condition of ensuring that the optical center position is not changed;
in the optical system mode, the transparent optical housing (109) together with the focusing lens (302) makes tracking rotation around the rotation axis I (103) and the rotation axis II (104) with a rotation angle determined by either the optical pressure difference determined by the photoelectric sensor or the solar altitude and azimuth, wherein the rotation angle of the rotation axis I (103) is consistent with the solar azimuth, i.e., determined by equation 1, and the rotation angle around the rotation axis II (104) is consistent with the solar altitude, i.e., determined by equation 6:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the expression of the local latitude angle and the sunlight incident angle satisfy the following relation:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the sunlight collecting system with two-dimensional tracking is designed by adopting a self-rotating orientation principle, is suitable for different types of sunlight collecting-emitting systems, and has the advantages of wide adaptability, compact structure and high light energy utilization rate;
(2) the proposed design shell can be made into a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape or a spherical and cylindrical combination mode according to an actual optical system, can reduce the volume of the system to the maximum extent, enlarges the installation and application range of the system, and has the advantages of small installation occupied area and easy popularization;
(3) the one-dimensional tracking function of the central optical device additionally arranged in the system besides the two-dimensional tracking function is used as an expansion function of the system, so that the solar energy utilization rate of the optical system can be further improved;
(4) the system design can realize the all-round tracking of sunlight, is applicable to the highway tunnel of all orientations in different areas.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a technical implementation principle;
FIG. 2 is a principle of tracking a rotation angle by primary reflection;
FIG. 3 is a principle of rotation angle combining convergence and reflection;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a system tracking control algorithm;
FIG. 5 is a design drawing of a self-rotating directional high-efficiency sunlight collecting system with a spherical outer cover;
FIG. 6 is a design diagram of a self-rotating directional high-efficiency sunlight collecting system with a cylindrical outer cover.
Reference numerals: 101-base I, 102-base II, 103-axis of rotation I, 104-axis of rotation II, 105-support II, 106-support III, 108-optics, 109-transparent optical housing, 202-mirror, 203-incident sunlight.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 6, which illustrate a sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting sunlight.
The realization principle of the technology is as follows: the transparent optical housing 109 may be spherical, cylindrical, or a combination of spherical and cylindrical in form, depending on the internal optical structure. The optical structures within the transparent optical housing 109 may be reflective, transmissive, or a combination of reflective and lenticular. The base II102 is used to fix the entire system. The base I101 and above structure can rotate around the rotation axis I103, the rotation angle can be designed according to the requirement, and is usually designed to be 180 degrees, the components such as the motor and the like rotating along the rotation axis can be installed on the base II102, and the optical center of the optical structure inside the transparent optical housing 109 is located on the rotation axis. The bracket III106 is used to fix the transparent optical housing 109 and some or all of the optical devices inside together with the 1-rotation shaft II104, and the transparent optical housing 109 can rotate around the rotation shaft II 104. The support II105 is used to fix the optical center at the optics 108 and the optics may be rotated around the support II105 to ensure maximum angle of sunlight reception according to the optical design principle. The motor system controlling the shaft II104 and the bracket II105 may be mounted on the bracket III 106.
The rotation angles and control algorithms of the rotation axes I103 and II104 and the 1 st bracket II105 (if having a rotation function) are determined by the optical system implementation principle in the transparent optical housing 109.
When the optical system within the transparent optical housing 109 is a primary reflective system, the center of the mirror 202 coincides with the optics 108 in fig. 1. During tracking, the angle of the incident sunlight 203 is a, and the transparent optical housing 109 and the reflector 202 can perform tracking rotation around the rotating shaft I103 and the rotating shaft II104, wherein the rotation angle around the rotating shaft I103 is determined by the sun azimuth angle or the optical pressure difference determined by the photoelectric sensor. When the rotation angle is determined by the solar azimuth, the deflection angle is equal to the solar azimuth, and is represented by formula 1:
in the formula, H is the solar altitude and has a complementary relation with the incident angle a; δ is the solar declination angle, and can be represented by formula 2:
in the formula, n represents the number of days, counted from 1 month and 1 day.
ω represents the time angle, represented by formula 3:
the deflection angle β for rotation about the axis II104 ensures that the outgoing light 204 at any incident sunlight angle a is directional light, i.e. the outgoing light angle γ of the outgoing light 204 remains unchanged, the deflection angle β of the mirror 202 can be determined by the incident sunlight angle or the light pressure difference determined by the photo-sensor, when determined by the incident sunlight, the following relationship should be satisfied between the incident sunlight angle a and the incoming sunlight:
in equation 4, α and β should satisfy the following relationship:
when the optical system in the transparent optical housing 109 is a combined optical system combining convergence and reflection, the optical center of the combination of the 302 converging lens and the 303 curved surface reflector coincides with the optical device 108 in fig. 1, that is, the sunlight collected by the 302 lens converges at the optical center and is reflected by the 303 reflector along a fixed direction, the exit angle γ of the reflected light (i.e., the exit light of the system) remains unchanged, and the setting of the exit angle is determined by the installation angle of the 303 reflector according to the irradiation distance. In order to ensure the maximum sunlight collection rate, the 303 reflecting mirror can rotate around the bracket II105 shown in the figure 1, and the light receiving surface of the 303 reflecting mirror is always aligned with the optical surface of the 302 lens under the condition that the optical center position is not changed.
In this optical system mode, the transparent optical housing 109 and the lens 302 can perform tracking rotation around the rotation axis I103 and the rotation axis II104, and the rotation angle thereof is determined by the optical pressure difference determined by the photoelectric sensor, or by the solar altitude and the solar azimuth, wherein the rotation angle around the rotation axis I103 is the same as the solar azimuth, i.e. determined by equation 1, and the rotation angle around the rotation axis II104 is the same as the solar altitude, i.e. determined by equation 6:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the expression of the local latitude angle and the sunlight incident angle satisfy the following relation:
in addition, the system can also be used for optical systems of other structures to realize a sunlight collecting system which is based on different optical principles and emits automatically and directionally.
The tracking control algorithm of the invention: firstly, whether the system needs to rotate is judged according to whether the differential pressure delta U in the east-west direction and the north-south direction of the photoelectric sensor is 0 or not. When the east-west pressure difference delta U is judged1When not 0, the base I101 rotates around the rotation axis I103, the rotation angle is determined by formula 1 or formula 2, and the rotation angle is converted to delta U1When the value is 0, the rotating shaft I103 stops rotating; then judging the north-south pressure difference delta U2If it is 0, when Δ U2When not 0, the system rotates around the rotating shaft II104, and the rotating angle is determined by formula 3 or formula 4 until delta U2When the value is 0, the system stops rotating; when the sunlight intensity is weak, such as in cloudy days, the system rotates according to the judgment of a preset clock module at that time, and the rotation angle is determined by the local longitude and latitude and the altitude angle of the sun; and at night, the system is reset to stop rotating.
The technology designs the high-efficiency optical system on the basis of the self-rotation principle, can be used for sunlight illumination of tunnels in different directions at different moments, can be installed at positions such as portal frames of tunnel portals and two side curbs in application, and has the characteristics of wide adaptability and high light energy utilization rate.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a sunshine collection system of directional outgoing of autogyration which characterized in that: comprises a base I (101), a base II (102), a rotating shaft I (103), a rotating shaft II (104), a bracket II (105), a bracket III (106), an optical device (108), a transparent optical shell (109), a motor and a reflector (202);
the base I (101) can rotate around a rotating shaft I (103); the optical center of the transparent optical shell (109) is positioned on the rotating shaft I (103);
the motor is arranged on the base II (102);
the bracket III (106) and the rotating shaft II (104) are used for fixing the optical devices of the transparent optical shell (109), and the transparent optical shell (109) can rotate around the rotating shaft II (104);
the bracket II (105) is used for fixing an optical device (108); the optics (108) can rotate around the support II (105) to ensure maximum angle of sunlight reception.
2. A sunlight collection system for automatically rotating and directionally emitting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transparent optical housing (109) is spherical, cylindrical or a combination of spherical and cylindrical;
the optical structure of the transparent optical housing (109) is reflective, transmissive or a combination of reflective and lenticular.
3. A sunlight collection system for automatically rotating and directionally emitting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the transparent optical shell (109) is a primary reflection system, the center of the reflector (202) is superposed with the optical device (108);
in the tracking process, the angle of incident sunlight (203) is a, the transparent optical shell (109) and the reflector (202) perform tracking rotation around a rotating shaft I (103) and a rotating shaft II (104), wherein the rotation angle of the rotating shaft I (103) is determined by the sun azimuth angle or the optical pressure difference determined by a photoelectric sensor;
when the rotation angle is determined by the solar azimuth, the deflection angle is equal to the solar azimuth, and is represented by formula 1:
in the formula, H is the solar altitude and has a complementary relation with the incident angle a; δ is the solar declination angle, represented by formula 2:
wherein n represents the number of days, counted from 1 month to 1 day;
ω represents the time angle, represented by formula 3:
the deflection angle β rotating around the rotation axis II (104) is to ensure that the outgoing light (204) under any sunlight incident angle a is directional light, i.e. the outgoing angle γ of the outgoing light (204) remains unchanged;
the deflection angle β of the mirror (202) is determined by the sunlight incident angle or the light pressure difference determined by the photosensor;
when determined by sunlight incident light, the following relation is satisfied between the sunlight incident angle a and the sunlight incident angle:
in equation 4, α and β should satisfy the following relationship:
when the transparent optical shell (109) is a combined optical system combining convergence and reflection, the optical center of the combination of the converging lens (302) and the curved surface reflector (303) is superposed with the optical device (108), namely, sunlight collected by the converging lens (302) is converged at the optical center and then reflected along a fixed direction by the curved surface reflector (303), the emergent angle gamma of the reflected light is kept unchanged, and the emergent angle is determined by the installation angle of the curved surface reflector (303) according to the irradiation distance;
in order to ensure the maximum sunlight collection rate, the curved surface reflector (303) rotates around the bracket II (105), and the light receiving surface of the curved surface reflector (303) is always aligned to the optical surface of the convergent lens (302) under the condition of ensuring that the optical center position is not changed;
in the optical system mode, the transparent optical housing (109) together with the focusing lens (302) makes tracking rotation around the rotation axis I (103) and the rotation axis II (104) with a rotation angle determined by either the optical pressure difference determined by the photoelectric sensor or the solar altitude and azimuth, wherein the rotation angle of the rotation axis I (103) is consistent with the solar azimuth, i.e., determined by equation 1, and the rotation angle around the rotation axis II (104) is consistent with the solar altitude, i.e., determined by equation 6:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the expression of the local latitude angle and the sunlight incident angle satisfy the following relation:
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| CN201911228569.2A CN111103901A (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2019-12-04 | Sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting |
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| CN201911228569.2A CN111103901A (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2019-12-04 | Sunlight collecting system capable of automatically rotating and directionally emitting |
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