CN111103290A - Method for researching debris flow separation phenomenon and test device - Google Patents
Method for researching debris flow separation phenomenon and test device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of debris flow dynamics research, and discloses a method and a test device for researching debris flow separation phenomenon, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preparing transparent slurry and colored aggregate with certain gradation, and mixing the transparent slurry serving as a substrate with the aggregate to form a debris flow model; performing a flow test on the debris flow model; through a flow test, the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow is researched and analyzed. According to the method and the test device for researching the debris flow sorting phenomenon, the debris flow model formed by mixing the transparent slurry and the colored aggregate is prepared, so that a global visual perspective effect can be provided for the experimental research on the flow characteristics and the sorting mechanism of the debris flow, the migration phenomenon of particle substances in the debris flow fluid can be visually observed and measured by a complete perspective method, the cognition on the movement characteristics of the debris flow is accelerated, and the key process of the debris flow particle sorting is disclosed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of debris flow dynamics research, in particular to a method and a test device for researching debris flow separation phenomenon.
Background
The debris flow is a multiphase fluid consisting of a large amount of solid particles, a large amount of water body medium and a small amount of gas, is a surface process for fully mixing solid particle substances and water, has the advantages of fluid overall motion, obvious rheological property and special solid-liquid two-phase flow. Different from the common sand-laden water flow and mud flow, the mud-rock flow can carry wide-graded solid particle substances; the separation of solid-phase particles composed of a large amount of silt and stones deeply influences the fluidity of the debris flow and the impact damage effect of the debris flow on structures, and the separation mechanism and effect of the particle substances are the leading research subjects of debris flow dynamics.
The research on the debris flow sorting phenomenon is always difficult because the motion state of the internal aggregate particles in the debris flow flowing process is difficult to directly observe. The generation of numerical simulation provides a new method for debris flow dynamics, but the simple numerical simulation also needs the result of an experiment to calibrate and compare the result. At present, the research on the debris flow sorting phenomenon in debris flow mechanics is difficult and inconvenient to carry out.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a test device for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon, which are used for solving or partially solving the problem that the existing debris flow sorting phenomenon is difficult to research and inconvenient to carry out in debris flow dynamics.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon, which comprises the following steps: preparing transparent slurry and colored aggregate with certain gradation, and mixing the transparent slurry serving as a substrate with the aggregate to form a debris flow model; performing a flow test on the debris flow model; through a flow test, the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow is researched and analyzed.
On the basis of the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: recording the process of the flow test by using a high-speed camera; and according to the flowing process of the debris flow model recorded by the high-speed camera, researching and analyzing the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow.
On the basis of the scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: and arranging a pressure sensor on a flow path of the debris flow model, and researching and analyzing the impact pressure and the impact pressure process quantity of the debris flow model.
On the basis of the scheme, the transparent slurry comprises: carbomer syrup; the carbomer slurry comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.7 to 99.75 percent of deionized water, 0.15 to 0.18 percent of carbomer resin powder and 0.10 to 0.12 percent of neutral regulator triethanolamine.
On the basis of the scheme, the preparation of the carbomer slurry specifically comprises the following steps: adding carbomer resin powder to deionized water; after the solution is completely dissolved, triethanolamine is added dropwise to adjust the solution to be neutral; standing for a certain time to obtain transparent carbomer gel; the carbomer gel was uniformly stirred and vacuum aspirated to obtain carbomer slurry.
On the basis of the scheme, the aggregate comprises a glass block or a resin block, and is formed through 3D printing.
On the basis of the scheme, the grading of the aggregates is determined according to the type of the debris flow to be researched.
On the basis of the scheme, through a flow test, research and analysis on the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow specifically comprise the following steps: and analyzing the free surface of the debris flow model, the migration state of the aggregates, the flow characteristics of the cross section and the distribution condition of the aggregates after the flow stops in the flow test, and further researching and analyzing the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test device for researching a debris flow separation phenomenon, which is used for the method for researching the debris flow separation phenomenon and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a transparent channel, a storage box, a slope plate and a high-speed camera; the transparent channel inclines to set up, the inside top of transparent channel sets up stores the box, is used for storing the mud-rock flow model, the downside of storing the box sets up the switch board, the ramp plate is located transparent channel's inside below and cover transparent channel's cross-section, one side of transparent channel is equipped with the high-speed camera, be equipped with pressure sensor on the ramp plate, pressure sensor links to each other with data collection station, the high-speed camera with data collection station links to each other with the treater respectively.
On the basis of the scheme, the transparent channel is fixed on the support, the inclination of the transparent channel is adjustable through the support, the slope plate is detachably connected with the transparent channel, and a plurality of mounting positions used for being connected with the slope plate are arranged along the length direction of the transparent channel.
According to the method and the test device for researching the debris flow sorting phenomenon, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the debris flow model formed by mixing the transparent slurry and the colored aggregate is prepared, so that a global visual perspective effect can be provided for the experimental research on the flow characteristics and the sorting mechanism of the debris flow, the migration phenomenon of particle substances in the debris flow fluid can be visually observed and measured by a complete perspective method, the cognition on the movement characteristics of the debris flow is accelerated, the key process of the debris flow particle sorting is disclosed, the better research on the movement characteristics of the debris flow is facilitated, and a reliable basis is provided for the debris flow risk analysis.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for studying a debris flow sorting phenomenon according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a testing apparatus for studying a debris flow sorting phenomenon according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
wherein, 1, a debris flow model; 2. a storage box; 3. a transparent channel; 4. a switch plate; 5. a ramp plate; 6. a pressure sensor; 7. a high-speed camera; 8. a data acquisition unit; 9. a processor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon, and with reference to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps: preparing transparent slurry and colored aggregate with certain gradation, and mixing the transparent slurry serving as a substrate with the aggregate to form a debris flow model; performing a flow test on the debris flow model; through a flow test, the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow is researched and analyzed.
The method for researching the debris flow sorting phenomenon provided by the embodiment provides a method for researching the debris flow sorting phenomenon based on transparent slurry. A transparent slurry is prepared as a substrate, which corresponds to the slurry of the actual debris flow. Preparation of aggregate, equivalent to solid particulate matter in the actual debris flow, is mixed with the transparent slurry. The slurry of the debris flow model is transparent, and the aggregate is of a specific color, so that the moving state of the aggregate can be clearly observed in the flow test process, and further the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow can be conveniently researched and analyzed.
According to the method for researching the debris flow sorting phenomenon, the debris flow model formed by mixing the transparent slurry and the colored aggregate is prepared, a globally visual perspective effect can be provided for experimental research on the flow characteristics and the sorting mechanism of the debris flow, the migration phenomenon of particle substances in the debris flow can be visually observed and measured by a complete perspective method, the cognition on the movement characteristics of the debris flow is accelerated, the key process of debris flow particle sorting is disclosed, the better research on the movement characteristics of the debris flow is facilitated, and a reliable basis is provided for debris flow risk analysis.
Furthermore, transparent slurry with the same flowing characteristics as the debris flow can be prepared, namely the flowing parameters such as viscosity of the transparent slurry are close to the flowing parameters of the actual debris flow slurry, so that the similarity between the debris flow model and the actual debris flow is improved as much as possible, and the accuracy of the test is improved.
The mud-rock flow model is subjected to a flow test, namely, the mud-rock flow model can flow down from a slope so as to simulate the flowing process of the actual mud-rock flow.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon further includes: recording the process of the flow test by using a high-speed camera; and according to the flowing process of the debris flow model recorded by the high-speed camera, researching and analyzing the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow.
By using the high-speed camera, the motion state of the particulate matter, namely the aggregate, in the debris flow model can be observed visually. The high-speed camera can record the states of the aggregates at different moments in the flowing process, and then the distribution characteristics of the aggregates, the position of the front-end aggregates, the running track of the aggregates, the rotation and posture of the aggregates, the collision among the aggregates and the like at different moments can be obtained through images recorded by the high-speed camera, and further the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow is researched and analyzed.
The sorting phenomenon of the debris flow refers to the movement characteristics of solid particle in the debris flow, such as the migration direction, the track, the impact force, the distribution of solid particle with different sizes and the like.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon further includes: and arranging a pressure sensor on a flow path of the debris flow model, and researching and analyzing the impact pressure and the impact pressure process quantity of the debris flow model. Namely, a baffle plate is arranged on the moving path of the debris flow model, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the baffle plate. The baffle intercepts the flow of the debris flow model, the debris flow model can impact the baffle, and then the impact pressure of the debris flow model is obtained through the pressure sensor.
The process quantity of the impact pressure of the debris flow model in the process that the impact pressure is enabled to tend to be stable from the moment when the impact pressure is applied to the baffle by the debris flow model to the moment when the impact pressure is completely contacted with the baffle can also be obtained through the pressure sensor. The impact pressure of the debris flow model to different parts in the flowing process can be obtained by arranging the pressure sensors at different parts. The impact pressure of the debris flow model is researched, the destructive power of the debris flow in the flowing process can be analyzed, and a guiding basis can be provided for the protection of the debris flow.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the transparent paste includes: carbomer syrup; the carbomer slurry comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.7 to 99.75 percent of deionized water, 0.15 to 0.18 percent of carbomer resin powder and 0.10 to 0.12 percent of neutral regulator triethanolamine. The prepared carbomer slurry has flow characteristics close to those of actual debris flow slurry, so that the actual debris flow slurry can be well simulated, and the test accuracy is improved.
On the basis of the above examples, further, the preparation of carbomer slurry specifically comprises: adding carbomer resin powder to deionized water; after the solution is completely dissolved, triethanolamine is added dropwise to adjust the solution to be neutral; standing for a certain time to obtain transparent carbomer gel; the carbomer gel was uniformly stirred and vacuum aspirated to obtain carbomer slurry.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the aggregate includes a glass block or a resin block, and the aggregate is formed by 3D printing. The material of aggregate is preferably close to the density of the particulate matter in the actual debris flow, so that the flow of the actual debris flow is better simulated, and the accuracy of the test is improved. Obtain the aggregate through 3D printing, can make the preparation of aggregate convenient and fast more, and can make the shape and size of aggregate etc. more conform actual particulate matter.
On the basis of the above examples, further, the grading of the aggregates is determined according to the type of debris flow to be studied. Grading of the aggregates, namely the size of the aggregates and the proportion of the aggregates with different sizes. The types of the mud-rock flow in different areas are different, and the grading of the particle substances in the mud-rock flow is different. The grading parameter of the granular material of the debris flow type can be obtained according to the local test data of the place where the debris flow type to be researched is located, and then the aggregate is prepared according to the grading parameter, so that the grading of the aggregate is consistent with the actual debris flow.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the research and analysis of the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow through the flow test specifically includes: and analyzing the free surface of the debris flow model, the migration state of the aggregates, the flow characteristics of the cross section and the distribution condition of the aggregates after the flow stops in the flow test, and further researching and analyzing the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, with reference to fig. 2, an experimental apparatus for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon, the experimental apparatus being used in the method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon described in any of the above embodiments, the experimental apparatus includes: the device comprises a transparent channel 3, a storage box 2, a slope plate 5 and a high-speed camera 7; transparent channel 3 slope sets up, transparent channel 3's inside top sets up stores box 2, be used for storing mud-rock flow model 1, the downside that stores box 2 sets up switch plate 4, ramp plate 5 is located transparent channel 3's inside below and is covered transparent channel 3's cross-section, one side of transparent channel 3 is equipped with high-speed camera 7, be equipped with pressure sensor 6 on ramp plate 5, pressure sensor 6 links to each other with data collection station 8, high-speed camera 7 and data collection station 8 link to each other with treater 9 respectively.
The transparent channel 3 is arranged, so that the debris flow model 1 flows in the transparent channel 3, and the flowing process can be observed and obtained conveniently. The processor 9 may be a computer or the like capable of receiving the results recorded by the high speed camera 7 and the results monitored by the pressure sensor 6. The switch plate 4 is disposed on a side of the storage case 2 facing the slope plate 5. The switch board 4 can be electrically controlled to be switched on or off, and can also be manually pulled and pulled to be switched off. At the start of the flow test, the switch board 4 should be quickly opened so that the debris flow model 1 inside the storage case 2 can flow down quickly.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the transparent channel 3 is fixed on the bracket and is adjustable in inclination by the bracket, the slope plate 5 is detachably connected with the transparent channel 3, and a plurality of mounting positions for connecting the slope plate 5 are arranged along the length direction of the transparent channel 3.
Specifically, both ends of the transparent channel 3 may be fixedly connected to the bracket, and the inclination of the transparent channel 3 may be specifically adjusted by adjusting the heights of the brackets at both ends. So that the experimental device can be suitable for tests with various different parameters, and the flexibility of the tests and the diversity of test results are improved. The transparent through groove can be provided with a plurality of slots as installation positions along the length direction, and the slope plate 5 is a baffle plate which can be inserted into the slots in the flowing process of the debris flow model 1 to realize the connection with the transparent channel 3. And sealing components such as sealing rubber rings and the like can be arranged in the slope plate 5 and the slot to realize the sealing connection of the slope plate 5 and the transparent channel 3.
By adjusting the connecting part of the slope plate 5 and the transparent channel 3, the distance between the storage box 2 and the slope plate 5 can be adjusted, namely the flowing length of the debris flow model 1 is adjusted. The test device can adapt to tests with more different parameters, and the test flexibility and the test result diversity are improved.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, due to the non-perspective property of the mud, so far, there is no technology that can intuitively observe and measure the migration phenomenon of the particulate matter inside the mud-rock flow fluid by a complete perspective method, and the present embodiment provides a new method for experimental study of the mud-rock flow for the current situation.
The embodiment provides a method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon based on a transparent slurry technology. Required blocks with different gradations are printed as aggregates through a 3D printing technology, then transparent slurry with the same flowing characteristic as the debris flow is prepared, and the flowing characteristic and the sorting mechanism of the debris flow are researched through a high-speed camera 7. The method can provide a global visual perspective effect for experimental study on the flow characteristics and the sorting mechanism of the debris flow, and provides a new study method for the flow characteristics and the sorting mechanism of the debris flow.
The transparent slurry is prepared by adopting carbomer gel as a substrate to simulate the flowing state of slurry and replacing granular substances in the debris flow by adding colored glass bodies with certain gradation (the colored glass bodies with different gradation can be prepared by a 3D printing method according to the requirement of a test), so that the transparent debris flow slurry except aggregate is prepared. The color of the colored aggregate can be any color that can be distinguished from the clear slurry for ease of viewing. Preferably, the aggregate is not white in color.
The particles inside the debris flow are tracked by the high speed camera 7. Because the transparency of the slurry is good, the motion state of the block inside the debris flow can be shot by using the high-speed camera 7, and the impact destructive force of the debris flow reaching the slope plate 5 is recorded by arranging the pressure sensor 6. And the monitoring result is subjected to data processing and analysis, so that the flow characteristics and the sorting mechanism of the debris flow can be better researched.
The concrete process of the debris flow separation phenomenon research method is as follows:
preparation of transparent slurry: a clear mudflow was prepared using a clear carbomer slurry with similar rheological properties to the mudflow as the substrate, and then adding glass blocks as the coarse aggregate. The preparation method comprises deionized water 99.7-99.75%, 940 series carbomer resin powder 0.15-0.18%, and neutral regulator triethanolamine 0.10-0.12%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding carbomer resin powder into deionized water, adding triethanolamine dropwise after completely dissolving to adjust to neutrality, standing for 5-10 min to obtain transparent carbomer gel, stirring well, vacuum-sucking, and removing internal bubbles. The specific time for standing is set according to the specific condition of the selected carbomer resin powder, and the specific time is not limited, so that transparent carbomer gel can be obtained.
Tracking of particles inside the debris flow: the prepared slurry is filled in a box, and the switch plate 4 is opened, and the whole flowing process is recorded by the high-speed camera 7 because the transparency of the slurry is better. In addition, the impact destructive force of the debris flow reaching the slope plate 5 is recorded by arranging the pressure sensor 6. The distribution of particulate matter after the final flow was stopped was recorded after the flow was completed.
And (3) processing the later data: and (3) processing later data of the monitoring result of the experiment, the free surface of the fluid in the result, the migration state of the aggregate and the flowing characteristic of the cross section, so that the debris flow sorting phenomenon is analyzed as required.
The embodiment provides a method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon based on a transparent slurry technology. By arranging a transparent slurry with a similar flow state with the debris flow, the motion state of the particulate matter in the non-Newtonian fluid such as mud can be visually observed by using the high-speed camera 7.
The main harm of debris flow is the casualties and the destroy of urban and rural building channels, factory mines, hydraulic engineering and farmland lands (causing economic loss). By using the method, the motion characteristics of the debris flow can be quickened, the key process of debris flow particle sorting is revealed, a debris flow dynamic model is established, the motion track and the influence range of the debris flow can be accurately predicted, and a reliable basis is provided for quantitative risk analysis.
China is a country with frequent debris flow, and the economic loss caused by the debris flow is tens of thousands of times every year. The method can fill the gap of researching the experimental method of the debris flow, and can visually observe the flowing state of the debris flow and the migration phenomenon of internal particles, thereby accelerating the cognition of the debris flow and reducing the harm caused by the existence of the debris flow.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for researching a debris flow sorting phenomenon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing transparent slurry and colored aggregate with certain gradation, and mixing the transparent slurry serving as a substrate with the aggregate to form a debris flow model;
performing a flow test on the debris flow model;
through a flow test, the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow is researched and analyzed.
2. The method for studying debris flow sorting phenomenon according to claim 1, further comprising:
recording the process of the flow test by using a high-speed camera;
and according to the flowing process of the debris flow model recorded by the high-speed camera, researching and analyzing the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow.
3. The method for studying debris flow sorting phenomenon according to claim 1, further comprising:
and arranging a pressure sensor on a flow path of the debris flow model, and researching and analyzing the impact pressure and the impact pressure process quantity of the debris flow model.
4. A method for studying the sorting phenomenon of debris flows according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said transparent slurry comprises: carbomer syrup; the carbomer slurry comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.7 to 99.75 percent of deionized water, 0.15 to 0.18 percent of carbomer resin powder and 0.10 to 0.12 percent of neutral regulator triethanolamine.
5. The method for researching the debris flow sorting phenomenon according to claim 4, wherein the preparation of the carbomer slurry specifically comprises the following steps:
adding carbomer resin powder to deionized water;
after the solution is completely dissolved, triethanolamine is added dropwise to adjust the solution to be neutral;
standing for a certain time to obtain transparent carbomer gel;
the carbomer gel was uniformly stirred and vacuum aspirated to obtain carbomer slurry.
6. The method of studying debris flow sorting phenomenon of claim 1, wherein the aggregates comprise glass blocks or resin blocks, and the aggregates are formed by 3D printing.
7. The method of studying the phenomenon of sorting of debris flows according to claim 1, wherein the grading of the aggregates is determined according to the type of debris flow to be studied.
8. The method for researching the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the research and analysis of the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow through the flow test specifically comprises:
and analyzing the free surface of the debris flow model, the migration state of the aggregates, the flow characteristics of the cross section and the distribution condition of the aggregates after the flow stops in the flow test, and further researching and analyzing the sorting phenomenon of the debris flow.
9. A test device for researching the debris flow separation phenomenon, which is used for the method for researching the debris flow separation phenomenon according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, and comprises: the device comprises a transparent channel, a storage box, a slope plate and a high-speed camera;
the transparent channel inclines to set up, the inside top of transparent channel sets up stores the box, is used for storing the mud-rock flow model, the downside of storing the box sets up the switch board, the ramp plate is located transparent channel's inside below and cover transparent channel's cross-section, one side of transparent channel is equipped with the high-speed camera, be equipped with pressure sensor on the ramp plate, pressure sensor links to each other with data collection station, the high-speed camera with data collection station links to each other with the treater respectively.
10. The experimental device for researching the debris flow sorting phenomenon according to claim 9, wherein the transparent channel is fixed on a support and is adjustable in inclination through the support, the slope plate is detachably connected with the transparent channel, and a plurality of mounting positions for connecting the slope plate are arranged along the length direction of the transparent channel.
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