CN111102046A - 用于减少配量装置中的沉积物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于减少用于在内燃机的SCR系统中配量液态介质的配量装置中的沉积物的方法。为此检验是否存在内燃机的稳定的运行。在识别内燃机的稳定的运行的情况下改变至少一个配量阀的配量数量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于减少用于在内燃机的SCR系统中配量液态介质的配量装置中的沉积物的方法。
背景技术
在机动车技术的领域中,用于借助配量尿素水溶液(HWL)来还原氮氧化物的SCR催化器系统是已知的。
尿素的含水溶液当水蒸发时会构造为晶体层。这尤其是会在配量部位的区域中导致板结和堵塞,在该区域中,含水的尿素溶液借助至少一个配量阀配量到排气系统中。在内燃机在适当的或高的负载下的正常运行期间,尿素的含水溶液利用大约0.25至1Hz喷入,并且因此溶解或喷掉可能构造在配量部位上的晶体。
存在发动机运行的特殊的运行情况,在特殊的运行情况中存在非常长时间的稳定的运行阶段。尤其是在所谓的非公路领域中(除了工程机械和运输机械以外,不同类型的机动的专用机械也属于该非公路领域)经常出现的是,内燃机在更长的时间段中,在稳定的运行中运行。当排气设施中的流动、温度和配量数量在更长的时间中保持恒定时,沉积物形成的危险是特别大的。
从现有技术已知了如下功能,其应该减少这种沉积物的形成。在此例如执行还原剂的喷涂,其仅为了清洁目的通过配量阀引入排气系统中,溶解或喷掉已经形成的晶体。然而,该功能对于排气系统是不利的,因为不需要的还原剂进入排气段中,还原剂在内燃机的相应的运行情况中不按规定转换,由此,不期望的气体会离开排气系统。因此值得期望的是,SCR催化器系统在尽可能所有运行情况中如此运行,从而可以一方面为了废气转换的目的总是满足需求地配量到排气系统中,并且另一方面减少配量部位上的沉积物。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于减少用于在内燃机的SCR系统中配量液态介质的配量装置中的沉积物的方法。根据本发明,检验是否存在内燃机的稳定的运行。如果识别内燃机的这种稳定的运行,那么至少一个配量阀的配量数量相对于标准值改变。这意味着的是,在稳定的运行中,总配量数量通常同样具有恒定的值,该值也被称为标准值。也就是说,配量数量在稳定的运行中通常具有标准值。根据本发明,在稳定的运行中,没有配给统一恒定的配量数量,而是配给可变的配量数量。可变的配量数量被测定,从而在没有限制有害的成分的情况下确保按规定的废气清洁,并且不形成沉积物。
在特别有利的第一设计方案中设置的是,在存在两个配量阀的情况下,第一配量阀的配量数量提高特定的数值,并且第二配量阀上的配量数量减小相同的数值。总配量数量总体上保持相同,并且因此确保催化器系统的按规定的运行。通过提高或减小配量数量,在相应的配量阀上得到改变的和因此非恒定的配量数量,其阻止形成沉积物或者消除存在的沉积物。
在另外的设计方案中设置的是,配量数量从操控到操控相应提高特定的数值,并且在随后的操控中又减小相同的数值。这意味着的是,配量数量关于时间被调整。配量数量例如可以叠加正弦形的信号。
在另外的有利的设计方案中设置的是,相应改变对内燃机的操控,从而对还原剂的需求发生改变。在此改变运行参数,运行参数在其组合中对内燃机的转矩和/或转速没有明显影响。这意味着的是,选择一个运行状态,在该运行状态中,在未处理废气中出现更高的氮氧化物,通过尿素水溶液的适配的、因此提高的配量又还原氮氧化物。通过该处理方式,在一定程度上离开稳定的运行,并且配量数量不再是恒定的。
在另一方面中,本发明涉及新的程序代码连同处理指令,其建立能在控制设备上执行的计算机程序,尤其是具有编译和/或链接指令的源代码,其中当程序代码根据处理指令转换、即尤其是编译和/或链接为能执行的计算机程序时,程序代码产生用于实施所描述的方法中的一个方法的所有步骤的计算机程序。该程序代码尤其是可以通过源代码提供,源代码例如可以从因特网中的服务器下载。
附图说明
本发明的另外的优点和设计方案由说明书和附图得到。其中:
图1示意性示出用于SCR催化器系统的配量装置;
图2借助流程图示出根据本发明的方法的实施例。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了一种装置。
图1示出了SCR催化器系统的配量装置9,其用于将尿素水溶液(HWL)配量到机动车的仅示意性示出的内燃机11的排气系10中。SCR催化器系统以自身已知的方式用于借助选择性催化还原技术(SCR)还原内燃机11的废气中的氮氧化物。为了还原,还原剂HWL通过配量阀13在SCR催化器12的上游喷入排气系10中。
HWL22储备在HWL箱14中。为了取出HWL22设置了抽吸管路15,其中尿HWL22通过运输泵16从HWL箱14运输出来。HWL22精确地并且根据需求喷入排气系10中。为此,在压力管路17中的HWL22的压力是决定性的,该压力因此调节到可预设的目标压力。为了检测压力管路17中的压力,可以设置压力传感器18,压力传感器将检测的压力信号传送至控制设备19,从而运输泵16可以通过控制设备19的信号输出调节可预设的目标压力。控制设备19此外与发动机控制设备100(其通过第一信号线路102连接至内燃机11,用于控制该内燃机)通过另外的信号线路104连接,以便将关于SCR催化器系统的运行状态的数据传输至发动机控制设备100和/或以便将关于内燃机11的运行状态的数据传输至控制设备19。
在实施方式中,也可以将多个配量阀安装在排气设施中,另外的配量阀13a优选布置在另外的催化器12a之前。
同样通过控制设备19的信号输出实现对配量阀13的操控。利用配量阀13来控制相应于每个时间单位的配量数量的配量速率以如下方式实现,即:阀一方面利用特定的频率打开,并且另一方面也控制阀的相应的打开持续时间。典型的频率在0.25Hz至1Hz的范围内。典型的打开持续时间在5ms至950ms的范围内。
此外,沉入HWL22中的HWL品质传感器20可以布置在HWL箱14内,借助HWL品质传感器测量HWL22的尿素含量。测量可以以已知的方式例如通过声音信号的运行时间测量来实现。然而在本发明的范围内,在此使用的测量技术并不重要。由品质传感器20检测的或生成的信号通过信号路径21输送至控制设备19,用以进一步处理。
随后描述的方法优选在图1所示的控制设备19中实施。然而,因为实施该方法的地方并不重要,所以该方法也可以在单独的控制设备、尤其是用于控制内燃机11的发动机控制设备100中实施。
根据本发明设置的是,在发动机的更长时间的恒定的功率输出中,尤其是在更长时间的恒定的转速和/或恒定的转矩中,改变排气设施中的配量数量。也就是说,在稳定的转速和/或转矩中得到可变的配量数量。
在特别有利的第一设计方案中设置的是,在存在两个配量阀的情况下,第一配量阀的配量数量提高特定的数值,并且第二配量阀的配量数量减小相同的数值。总配量数量总体上保持相同,并且因此确保催化器系统的按规定的运行。通过提高或减小配量数量,在相应的配量阀上得到改变的和因此非恒定的配量数量,其阻止形成沉积物或者消除存在的沉积物。
在另外的设计方案中设置的是,配量数量从操控到操控相应提高特定的数值,并且在随后的操控中又减小相同的数值。这意味着的是,配量数量关于时间被调整。配量数量例如可以叠加正弦形的信号。
在另外的有利的设计方案中设置的是,相应改变对内燃机的操控,从而对还原剂的需求发生改变。在此改变运行参数,该运行参数对内燃机的转矩和/或转速没有影响。这意味着的是,选择一个运行状态,在该运行状态中,在未处理废气中出现更高的氮氧化物,通过尿素水溶液的适配的、因此提高的配量又还原氮氧化物。通过该处理方式,在一定程度上离开稳定的运行,并且配量数量不再是恒定的。
这可以在发动机功率没有改变的情况下例如通过改变运行参数、如燃料量的喷入时间点、喷入进程、废气再循环或者节流阀位置来实现。在此,可以改变这些运行参数中的一个或多个。此外,将尿素水溶液配量到排气设施中可以发生改变,从而不会损害氮氧化物的还原。在此充分利用催化器中的存储效应。
图2借助流程图示出了根据本发明的方法的可能的实施方式。在第一步骤200中形成测量参量在一定的时间段中的平均值M1。随后,在步骤210中形成测量参量在相同的时间段中的第二平均值M2。随后的查询220检验了:两个平均值M2和M1之间的差是否大于0或阈值,即步骤200和210中的两个测量之间的平均值是否明显发生改变。如果是这样的情况,即测量值的平均值发生改变,那么程序在步骤230中结束,因为离开了稳定的运行状态。如果查询220识别出平均值没有改变,那么查询235检验平均值从时间T1开始是否改变。如果是这样的情况,即平均值在时间段T1中已经改变一次,那么紧随着步骤240,在该步骤中,利用平均值M2覆盖平均值M1,并且随后紧随着步骤210,在该步骤中,平均值M2又重新被计算。如果查询235识别出平均值在时间段T1中不再改变,那么就进行查询250。在该查询中检验第二时间段T2是否已耗尽。如果是这样的情况,那么程序结束230。如果不是这样的情况,那么在步骤260中改变配量数量。随后重新进行步骤240。
为了识别稳定的运行状态而连续监控测量参量。作为测量参量尤其适用的是行驶踏板位置、发动机转速、发动机转矩、空气质量流、废气质量流、废气温度和/或需要的配量数量。可以检验这些参量中的一个或多个,用以识别是否存在稳定运行。为了识别稳定运行,测量的参量在特定的时间段中被平均。两个平均值相互比较。如果两个平均值仅不明显地相互不同,即两个平均值的差是近似0,那么识别出稳定运行。该识别在步骤220中进行。
根据本发明,只有当稳定运行长于特定的持续时间T1时,才改变配量数量。也就是说,只有当稳定运行长于预设的持续时间T1时,才采取用于改变配量数量的相应的措施。这在查询235中检验。稳定运行的持续时间T1(从该持续时间开始存在沉积物的提高的危险)与发动机运行点相关。例如,沉积物的危险在350º以上的废气温度中是非常小的,从而在此通常不需要对应措施,或者针对稳定运行的允许的持续时间T1可以设置为无穷大。相反地,例如在350ºC以下经常出现沉积物。针对该阈值以下的温度,稳定运行可以持续的允许的持续时间T1预设得比较小。因此特别有利的是,根据运行状态来预设可以存在稳定运行并且不用提高配量数量的持续时间T1。优选地,根据温度值预设持续时间T1。在此尤其地,根据废气温度或排气设施中的温度传感器预设持续时间T1。
根据本发明可以设置的是,在一定的时间T2后又撤销配量数量的改变,也就是说,在持续时间T2后又转移至没有配量数量的变化的正常运行中,并且通过查询250确保这一点。
如果在长于持续时间T1的时间内识别稳定运行,并且配量数量还在不长于持续时间T2的时间内改变,那么此外在步骤260中改变配量数量。
Claims (10)
1.用于减少用于在内燃机的SCR系统中配量液态介质的配量装置中的沉积物的方法,其特征在于,检验是否存在内燃机的稳定的运行,并且在识别内燃机的稳定的运行的情况下改变至少一个配量阀的配量数量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在第一配量阀中,配量数量相对于标准值提高特定的数值,并且在第二配量阀中,减小相同的数值。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在配量阀的第一操控中,配量数量提高特定的数值,并且在配量阀的随后的第二操控中,减小相同的数值。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,改变内燃机的至少一个操控参量,从而改变配量数量。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当运行特征参量的平均值相对于运行特征参量的之前的平均值的改变小于阈值时,识别出稳定的运行。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当稳定的运行长于预设的持续时间时,改变配量数量。
7.计算机程序,所述计算机程序构造用于实施根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法中的一个方法的所有步骤。
8.机器可读的存储介质,在所述存储介质上存储了根据权利要求7所述的计算机程序。
9.控制设备,所述控制设备构造用于实施根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法中的一个方法的所有步骤。
10.程序代码连同处理指令,其用于建立能在控制设备上执行的计算机程序,其中当程序代码根据处理指令转换为能执行的计算机程序时,程序代码产生根据权利要求7所述的计算机程序。
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