CN111101992A

CN111101992A - Underwater tunnel ventilation shaft and underwater tunnel ventilation system

Info

Publication number: CN111101992A
Application number: CN201811270210.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘胜
Original assignee: China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-10-29
Filing date: 2018-10-29
Publication date: 2020-05-05

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of underwater tunnels, and provides an underwater tunnel ventilation shaft and an underwater tunnel ventilation system, wherein the underwater tunnel ventilation shaft comprises a floating platform, a shaft body and a plurality of first anchor cables, the shaft body is of a flexible and bendable structure, the bottom of the shaft body is communicated with an air channel of an underwater tunnel, and the top of the shaft body extends out of the water surface and is connected with the floating platform; one end of the first anchor cable is connected with the water bottom, the other end of the first anchor cable is connected with the floating platform, and the first anchor cable is distributed on the circumference of the floating platform. The setting mode of this kind of shaft body is less to marine environment influence, has reduced engineering cost, running cost, implementation degree of difficulty, construction risk and running risk, has avoided the construction artificial island to cause aquatic ecological environment destruction.

Description

Underwater tunnel ventilation shaft and underwater tunnel ventilation system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater tunnels, in particular to an underwater tunnel ventilation shaft and an underwater tunnel ventilation system.

Background

Municipal works such as submarine tunnels, cross-river subway tunnels and the like are currently very important traffic buildings, and because of the closed environment of the tunnels, the heat effect, harmful gases, fire smoke and the like of automobile exhaust directly influence the life safety of drivers and passengers. Therefore, tunnel ventilation is a safety issue that must be addressed for tunnel construction. Although related researches are more, ventilation openings are basically arranged on the sides of two end banks in underwater tunnel ventilation, and the longer the ventilation pipe is, the greater the energy loss of ventilation is, so that the ventilation efficiency is reduced along with the increase of the length of the tunnel, and the ventilation is difficult to effectively complete for the tunnel with the longer length. At present, for the underwater super-long tunnel, a ventilation vertical shaft is generally arranged by adopting a mode of building an artificial island, however, the construction of the artificial island has great damage to the marine ecological environment, and the ecological environment is greatly influenced especially under the condition that the tunnel is positioned at a deep position of water depth.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an underwater tunnel ventilation shaft and an underwater tunnel ventilation system, which aim to solve the problem that the underwater tunnel ventilation shaft has great influence on ecological environment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an underwater tunnel ventilation shaft which comprises a floating platform, a shaft body and a plurality of first anchor cables, wherein the shaft body is of a flexible and bendable structure, the bottom of the shaft body is communicated with an air duct of an underwater tunnel, and the top of the shaft body extends out of the water surface and is connected with the floating platform; one end of the first anchor cable is connected with the water bottom, the other end of the first anchor cable is connected with the floating platform, and the first anchor cable is distributed on the circumference of the floating platform.

Optionally, still include many second anchor cables, the one end of second anchor cable is connected the middle part of shaft body, and the other end is connected at the bottom, and is a plurality of second anchor cable is in shaft body's the upwards evenly distributed of circumference.

Optionally, a protective cover is arranged at the top of the shaft body.

Optionally, the shaft body includes the flexible inoxidizing coating of tube-shape and sets up multiunit annular bearing structure and many longitudinal cables in the flexible inoxidizing coating, and is a plurality of annular bearing structure follows the length direction interval distribution of flexible inoxidizing coating, and is a plurality of longitudinal cables follows the length direction extension of flexible inoxidizing coating, follow the circumference interval distribution of flexible inoxidizing coating.

Optionally, the annular support structure is an annular corrugation formed on the flexible armor layer.

Optionally, the annular support structure is a metal ring.

Optionally, an overhaul escape ladder is arranged in the shaft body.

Optionally, the overhaul escape ladder comprises a closed-loop hanging ladder body, and the hanging ladder body is driven by a power mechanism to rotate circularly; be equipped with the safety belt couple on the horizontal ladder pole of hanging oneself from a ladder body, the safety belt couple is including couple body and anticreep subassembly, the middle part of couple body with horizontal ladder pole is articulated, the anticreep subassembly with horizontal ladder pole fixed connection, the anticreep subassembly be used for with the couple body forms the cooperation of can opening and shutting the top of hanging oneself from a ladder body is equipped with the dog, the dog is used for hang ladder body circulation pivoted in-process with the outside on couple body upper portion forms contradicts the inboard of hanging oneself from a ladder body and being located the below of dog is equipped with rescue platform.

In another aspect, the invention provides an underwater tunnel ventilation system, which comprises a plurality of underwater tunnel ventilation shafts provided by the invention, wherein the plurality of underwater tunnel ventilation shafts are distributed at intervals along the length direction of an underwater tunnel.

Optionally, a bidirectional fan is arranged in the shaft body or the air duct.

By the technical scheme, the ventilation of the underwater tunnel can be directly completed through the vertical shaft body, and the vertical shaft body can be stably connected to the air channel under the control of the first anchor cable; in addition, the setting mode of shaft body is less to marine environment influence, has reduced engineering cost, running cost, implementation degree of difficulty, construction risk and running risk, has avoided the construction artificial island to cause aquatic ecological environment destruction, is particularly suitable for the application of the submarine tunnel of longer distance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an underwater tunnel ventilation system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a ventilation shaft for an underwater tunnel provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a ventilation shaft for an underwater tunnel in another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shaft body in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5 is a side schematic view of a overhauling escape ladder in one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the overhaul escape ladder of fig. 5;

FIG. 7A is a schematic front view of a seat belt buckle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7B is a front view schematically illustrating a seat belt hook according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a right side view of the seat belt hanger of FIG. 7A;

fig. 9A-9D are schematic views of the automatic unlocking process of the belt hook in cooperation with the stopper.

Description of the reference numerals

10-underwater tunnel; 11-vehicle shaped walk path; 12-an air duct;

20-a shaft body; 21-a floating platform; 22-a protective cover; 23-a scaffold; 24-a sleeve; 25-an above-water platform;

201-a flexible protective layer; 202-longitudinal steel cable; 203-an annular support structure; 204-reinforcing steel wire mesh;

30-a traction device; 31-a first anchor line; 32-a second anchor line;

40-a steel truss;

50-a cantilever ladder body; 51-longitudinal cable; 52-transverse ladder bars;

60-wheel set;

70-a stop block;

80-safety belt hook; 81-hook body; 811-hook portion; 812-a cam-like structure;

82-a disengagement prevention assembly; 821-a rotating arm; 822-rotating the wrist;

84-a limiting block;

90-a rescue platform; 91-safety belt.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a ventilation system of an underwater tunnel in the embodiment, which includes a plurality of ventilation shafts of the underwater tunnel, and is mainly used for ventilation of the underwater tunnel, and can also have an escape and overhaul function. Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides an underwater tunnel ventilation shaft, including a shaft body 20 and a supporting structure, wherein the shaft body 20 is a flexible and bendable structure and is tubular, the bottom of the shaft body 20 is communicated with the air duct 12 of the underwater tunnel 10, and the supporting structure is fixed at the bottom of the water and connected with the shaft body 20, so that the top of the shaft body 20 extends out of the water surface.

The supporting structure may include a flexible first anchor cable 31 (as shown in fig. 2), so that the underwater tunnel ventilation shaft may include a floating platform 21, a shaft body 20 and a plurality of first anchor cables 31, the shaft body 20 is a flexible and bendable structure, the bottom of the shaft body 20 is communicated with the air duct 12 of the underwater tunnel 10, and the top of the shaft body 20 extends out of the water surface and is connected with the floating platform 21; one end and submarine fixed connection of first anchor line 31, the other end are connected with floating platform 21, and a plurality of first anchor lines all have the distribution in floating platform 21's circumference. Through the technical scheme, the ventilation of the underwater tunnel can be directly completed through the vertical shaft body 20, and the vertical shaft body 20 can be stably connected to the air duct 12 under the control of the first anchor cable 31; in addition, the setting mode of shaft body 20 is less to marine environment influence, has reduced engineering cost, running cost, implementation degree of difficulty, construction risk and running risk, has avoided the construction artificial island to cause aquatic ecological environment destruction, is particularly suitable for the application of the submarine tunnel of longer distance.

The supporting structure can also be a steel truss 40 (as shown in fig. 3) which is connected outside the shaft body 20 in an enclosing manner, the bottom of the steel truss 40 is connected with the water bottom, the top of the steel truss 40 is higher than the water surface, and the top of the steel truss 40 is provided with an above-water platform 25. The steel truss 40 is connected with the shaft body 20 through a plurality of sleeves 24; with the steel truss 40 structure, the floating platform 21 is replaced by the water platform 25, where the position height of the water platform 25 does not change with the change of the water level, and the position height of the floating platform 21 changes with the change of the water level. Other forms of supporting structures will not be described in detail herein.

In the present embodiment, the underwater tunnel 10 has a vehicle-shaped passage 11 and an air duct 12 communicating with the vehicle-shaped passage 11, the vehicle-shaped passage 11 being used for traveling the vehicle, the air duct 12 being generally provided at the top of the vehicle-shaped passage 11.

Further, because shaft body 20 is flexible bendable structure, so can take place the removal of certain range along with the flow of water in aqueous, in order to avoid shaft body 20 excessive movement, guarantee shaft body 20 and wind channel 12's effective connection, supporting construction in this embodiment still includes many second anchor cables 32, and the middle part at shaft body 20 is connected to the one end of second anchor cable 32, and the other end is connected at the bottom, and a plurality of second anchor cables 32 are evenly distributed in shaft body 20's circumference. It should be noted that the middle of the shaft body 20 is a length interval, and is not only understood as a fixed position in the middle of the wind shaft body 20. In particular, the second anchor line 32 may be connected to the middle of the shaft body 20 by the sleeve 24. For the second anchor cables 32, multiple sets may be provided at different height positions in the middle of the shaft body 20 according to the actual length of the shaft body 20, and each set of the second anchor cables 32 is connected to one fixed position of the shaft body 20 and is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the shaft body 20. Wherein, the first anchor line 31 and the second anchor line 32 both belong to the traction device 30 and both play a role of traction for the shaft body 20.

For top ventilation of the shaft body 20, a shield 22 may be provided, and the shield 22 may be provided at the top ventilation opening location of the shaft body 20. The protective cover 22 is used for shielding rainwater or sundries from entering the shaft body 20, and the height of the ventilation opening of the shaft body 20 from the water surface is at least twice of the wave height.

Wherein a support 23 is provided between the flotation platform 21 and the shield 22, the support 23 being supported between the flotation platform 21 and the shield 22 such that the shield 22 is at a predetermined distance from the water surface. The support 23 may be a steel frame structure or any other structural component that can support the shield 22.

In order to ensure that the shaft body 20 has sufficient structural strength in water of different depths, the shaft body 20 may adopt the following structure:

the shaft body 20 comprises a cylindrical flexible armor layer 201, and a plurality of groups of annular supporting structures 203 and a plurality of longitudinal steel cables 202 which are arranged in the flexible armor layer 201, wherein the plurality of annular supporting structures 203 are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the flexible armor layer 201, and the plurality of longitudinal steel cables 202 extend along the length direction of the flexible armor layer 201 and are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the flexible armor layer 201. The longitudinal steel cables 202 can ensure the tensile strength of the shaft body 20 in the longitudinal direction, the annular supporting structure 203 can ensure the sufficient supporting force of the shaft body 20 in the radial direction, the flexible protective layer 201 covers a plurality of groups of annular supporting structures 203 and a plurality of longitudinal steel cables 202 to play a role in flexible connection, and the shaft body 20 adopting the structure can use the ventilation of a tunnel in a deeper water area. In order to improve the strength of the shaft body 20, a reinforcing steel wire mesh may be further arranged in the flexible protective layer 201.

Specifically, the annular supporting structure 203 is an annular corrugation formed on the flexible shield 201, and may also be a metal ring. Of course, a ring-shaped steel structure bracket can also be adopted. Those skilled in the art can select different schemes according to design requirement adaptability.

Further, the underwater tunnel ventilation shaft provided by the embodiment can also be used for escape, maintenance and other functions, and particularly, a maintenance escape ladder can be arranged in the shaft body 20.

Referring to fig. 5-6, the overhaul escape ladder comprises a closed-loop hanging ladder body 50, wherein the hanging ladder body 50 is driven by a power mechanism to rotate circularly; be equipped with safety belt couple 80 on the horizontal ladder pole 52 of hanging ladder body 50, safety belt couple 80 is including couple body 81 and anticreep subassembly, the middle part of couple body 81 is articulated with horizontal ladder pole 52, anticreep subassembly and horizontal ladder pole 52 fixed connection, the anticreep subassembly is used for forming the cooperation of can opening and shutting with couple body 81, be equipped with dog 70 in the top of hanging ladder body 50, dog 70 is used for forming the conflict with the outside on couple body 81 upper portion at the in-process that hangs ladder body 50 circulation pivoted, thereby make the rotatory certain angle of couple body 81, with safety belt automatic release. A rescue platform 90 is arranged on the inner side of the hanging ladder body 50 and below the stop block 70.

By the technical scheme, the hanging ladder realizes the functions of continuous rotation and continuous rescue through the closed-loop hanging ladder body 50, greatly improves the rescue speed, and is particularly suitable for rescue scenes with more rescued people and more emergent situations; moreover, the safety belt hook 80 is further arranged on the hanging ladder, the stop block 70 is positioned above the hanging ladder body 50, the stop block 70 is matched with the safety belt hook 80 for use, the safety belt hook 80 can achieve the purpose of automatically releasing the safety belt, the problem that the safety belt cannot be opened by rescuers due to tension in emergency is avoided, the rescue speed is further improved through the safety belt hook 80 capable of automatically unlocking, and the problem that rescue scenes are disordered due to the fact that the safety belt hook cannot be opened in the rescue process is avoided.

Referring to fig. 7A and 8, in some embodiments, the hook body 81 is axially spaced from the anti-slip assembly 82. That is, the hooking body 81 and the coming-off preventing member 82 may not interfere only in the axial direction.

In the above solution, the power mechanism may specifically include a plurality of wheel sets 60, and specifically, referring to fig. 5 to 6, at least one wheel set is driven by a power device (not shown in the figure) to rotate, each wheel set 60 may include a first roller and a second roller axially spaced apart from each other, and the first roller and the second roller are respectively in rolling fit with the longitudinal cables 51 at two sides of the ladder body.

The following two embodiments can be adopted for the driving mode of the power device:

in the first embodiment, the first roller and/or the second roller and one of the longitudinal cables 51 are in a structure of a chain wheel and a chain. That is to say, can all set up the sprocket structure on first gyro wheel and the second gyro wheel side by side, equally, two vertical cables 51 also all set up the chain structure to rotate through first gyro wheel of power device synchronous drive and second gyro wheel, further drive two vertical cables 51 and rotate simultaneously, also can only set up the sprocket structure at first gyro wheel, corresponding, set up the chain structure on a vertical cable 51, thereby carry out unilateral drive. In order to ensure the synchronism of the hanging ladder, the technical scheme that the first roller and the second roller are both provided with chain wheel structures is preferred.

In a second embodiment, the suspension ladder with the function of automatically unlocking the safety belt further comprises a pinch roller (not shown in the figure), the first roller and the second roller are pulleys, the longitudinal cable is a belt, and the pinch roller is used for being matched with the first roller and/or the second roller to clamp the longitudinal cable. The embodiment is similar to the first embodiment except that the transmission form is changed, and the person skilled in the art only needs to make a selection according with the actual application environment.

In this embodiment, the stopper 70 has a slope or a curved surface toward the outside of the upper portion of the hook body 81. Thereby facilitating smooth friction between the hook body 81 and the stopper 70 and making the rotation of the hook body 81 more stable. Specifically, the top of the hook body 81 is a cam-like structure 812, and the bottom of the hook body 81 is a hook 811. The main function of hook 811 is to hook seat belt 91 and the main function of cam 812 is to engage stop 70 and rotate under the push of stop 70.

A rescue platform 90 is arranged on the inner side of the hanging ladder body and below the stop block. The rescued person is released by the harness hooks 80 on the rescue platform 90. Rescue platform 90 may be provided with anti-slip structures.

Referring to fig. 9A to 9D, first, since the anti-slip assembly 82 is fixedly connected to the transverse bar 52, when the automatic seat belt hook 80 is rotated from the hanging position to the horizontal position, an upward rotation of substantially 90 ° occurs (specifically referring to the anti-slip assembly 82 in fig. 9A to 9D), and at this time, the opening of the hook body 81 is already opened to some extent. Then, as the hanging ladder body 50 continues to rotate, the hook body 81 sequentially goes through at least four processes from 9A to 9D, fig. 9A shows a state where the cam-shaped structure 812 just starts to contact the unlocking device 70, fig. 9B shows a state where the hook body 81 starts to rotate as the hanging ladder body 50 rotates, fig. 9C shows a state where the hook body 81 continues to rotate and releases the safety belt 91 as the hanging ladder body 50 rotates, and fig. 9D shows a state where the automatic safety belt hook 80 is away from the unlocking device 70 after releasing the safety belt 91.

Further, the anti-dropping assembly 82 includes a rotating arm 821 and a rotating wrist 822, one end of the rotating arm 821 is fixedly connected to the transverse ladder bar 52, the other end of the rotating arm 821 is hinged to one end of the rotating wrist 822, a restoring spring (not shown in the figure) is connected between the rotating arm 821 and the rotating wrist 822, the restoring spring is used for driving the rotating wrist 822 to rotate towards a direction far away from the hook body 81 relative to the rotating arm 821, a rotation limiting structure is arranged between the rotating arm 821 and the rotating wrist 822, and the rotation limiting structure is used for limiting a range of the rotating wrist 822 rotating towards a direction far away from the hook body 81 relative to the rotating arm 821. Wherein, the rotating wrist 822 plays a role in facilitating the hanging of the safety belt 91 on the hook body 81 and avoiding the safety belt 91 from slipping out.

Referring to fig. 7B, in order to better prevent the safety belt 91 from slipping out, a limiting portion 84 may be further disposed at the bottom end of the hook body 81, and the limiting portion 84 forms a stop for the other end of the rotating wrist 822 in a direction in which the rotating wrist 822 rotates relative to the rotating arm 821 and away from the hook body 81. The anti-drop assembly 82 of the safety belt hook 80 is not rotated at the vertical position of the hanging ladder, the rotating arm 821 and the rotating wrist 822 are approximately in the same direction, when the safety belt hook 80 rotates to the horizontal position of the hanging ladder, the anti-drop assembly 82 gradually rotates along with the transverse ladder rod 52, under the interference of the limiting part 84, the rotating arm 821 and the rotating wrist 822 relatively rotate, along with the gradual increase of the rotating angle, the rotating wrist 822 gradually keeps away from the limiting part 84 until being separated from the limiting part 84, and therefore the anti-drop assembly 82 is in an opening state relative to the hook body 81.

According to the description of the ventilation shaft of the underwater tunnel, the embodiment further provides a ventilation system of the underwater tunnel, referring to fig. 1, the ventilation system of the underwater tunnel comprises a plurality of ventilation shafts of the underwater tunnel provided by the embodiment, and the plurality of ventilation shafts of the underwater tunnel are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the underwater tunnel. The number of the ventilation shafts of the specific underwater tunnel can be determined according to the length of the underwater tunnel.

Further, a bidirectional fan is provided in the shaft body 20 and/or the air duct 12. The bidirectional fan can realize air exhaust of the vertical shaft body 20 and control air inlet of the vertical shaft body 20, and therefore cooperation between the bidirectional fans in different vertical shaft bodies 20 can be achieved, airflow circulation between an underwater tunnel region and the outside is achieved, and air freshness in the tunnel is guaranteed.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The underwater tunnel ventilation shaft is characterized by comprising a floating platform, a shaft body and a plurality of first anchor cables, wherein the shaft body is of a flexible and bendable structure, the bottom of the shaft body is communicated with an air channel of an underwater tunnel, and the top of the shaft body extends out of the water surface and is connected with the floating platform; one end of the first anchor cable is connected with the water bottom, the other end of the first anchor cable is connected with the floating platform, and the first anchor cable is distributed on the circumference of the floating platform.

2. The ventilation shaft of the underwater tunnel according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second anchor cables, one end of the second anchor cable being connected to the middle portion of the shaft body and the other end thereof being connected to the water bottom, the plurality of second anchor cables being uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the shaft body.

3. The ventilation shaft for the underwater tunnel according to claim 1, wherein a protective cover is arranged at the top of the shaft body.

4. The ventilation shaft of claim 1, wherein the shaft body comprises a tubular flexible armor layer, and a plurality of sets of annular support structures and a plurality of longitudinal steel cables disposed within the flexible armor layer, the plurality of annular support structures being spaced apart along a length of the flexible armor layer, and the plurality of longitudinal steel cables extending along the length of the flexible armor layer and being spaced apart along a circumference of the flexible armor layer.

5. Underwater tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 4, wherein the annular support structure is an annular corrugation formed on the flexible armour layer.

6. Underwater tunnel ventilation shaft according to claim 4, wherein the annular support structure is a metal ring.

7. The ventilation shaft of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein an access ladder is provided in the shaft body.

8. The ventilation shaft of claim 7, wherein the maintenance escape ladder comprises a closed-loop hanging ladder body, and the hanging ladder body is driven by a power mechanism to rotate circularly; be equipped with the safety belt couple on the horizontal ladder pole of hanging oneself from a ladder body, the safety belt couple is including couple body and anticreep subassembly, the middle part of couple body with horizontal ladder pole is articulated, the anticreep subassembly with horizontal ladder pole fixed connection, the anticreep subassembly be used for with the couple body forms the cooperation of can opening and shutting the top of hanging oneself from a ladder body is equipped with the dog, the dog is used for hang ladder body circulation pivoted in-process with the outside on couple body upper portion forms contradicts the inboard of hanging oneself from a ladder body and being located the below of dog is equipped with rescue platform.

9. An underwater tunnel ventilation system comprising a plurality of underwater tunnel ventilation shafts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, the plurality of underwater tunnel ventilation shafts being spaced apart along the length of the underwater tunnel.

10. The underwater tunnel ventilation system of claim 9, wherein a bidirectional fan is provided in the shaft body or the air duct.