CN111101210B - Natural crimped fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Natural crimped fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111101210B
CN111101210B CN201911386283.7A CN201911386283A CN111101210B CN 111101210 B CN111101210 B CN 111101210B CN 201911386283 A CN201911386283 A CN 201911386283A CN 111101210 B CN111101210 B CN 111101210B
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trilobal
pet
ptt
spinneret orifices
temperature
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CN111101210A (en
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王山水
范红卫
汤方明
王丽丽
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Jiangsu Hengli Chemical Fiber Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Hengli Chemical Fiber Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/08—Interlacing constituent filaments without breakage thereof, e.g. by use of turbulent air streams

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a natural crimped fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the process of preparing circular parallel composite fibers from PET and PTT according to an FDY process, changing spinneret orifices on a spinneret plate from a circle shape into two types of irregular trilobal shapes, cooling by adopting circular blowing, controlling the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate to meet certain conditions, preparing FDY filaments, and performing relaxation heat treatment on the FDY filaments to obtain natural crimped fibers; the prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT. The invention well solves the problem of random 'uneven shade shape' when the bicomponent composite fiber is applied to knitted fabrics in the prior art, and the prepared natural crimped fiber has good elasticity and excellent comprehensive performance.

Description

Natural crimped fiber and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyester fibers, and relates to a natural crimped fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Crimp is an important indicator of fiber, affecting textile processing and final end product characteristics and application properties.
In the family of the bicomponent composite fiber, the side-by-side bicomponent composite fiber is an important member, and the fiber is bent deviating from the axial direction of the fiber by utilizing the difference of the heat shrinkage performance of the two components, so that the fiber presents permanent three-dimensional spiral crimp, and the crimp similar to wool fiber is obtained. The fiber is crimped without deformation processing carried out when common thermoplastic fibers are crimped, so that the thermal damage of chemical fibers is avoided, the fiber is generally called self-crimped fiber and also called three-dimensional crimped fiber, the crimp has the characteristics of durability, stability, good elasticity and the like, and the fabric can be endowed with better elasticity, bulkiness and coverage. Parallel two-component composite fibers with different performances can be obtained by changing the characteristics of the component high polymer, the cross section shape, the component distribution, the component proportion, the spinning drafting and the heat setting process parameters, and the parallel two-component composite fibers have the advantage of designable performances and higher application value, so the parallel two-component composite fibers are favored and valued by the fiber manufacturing industry.
In the prior art, the three-dimensional spiral crimping of the bicomponent composite fiber can ensure that the bicomponent composite fiber can be straightened under the stretching action of external force and can well return to the original crimping state when the external force action is removed. Research shows that in a bundle of bicomponent composite fibers, the crimp form of the bicomponent composite fibers simultaneously has relatively orderly left and right spiral yarn sections and random crimp yarn sections, and the length and the arrangement of each yarn section are random on the whole. Due to the difference of fiber inclination state and mechanical response behavior, when the double-component composite fiber is used for weaving knitted fabric, the difference of yarn reflection effect and tension unevenness is caused, protrusions or depressions are randomly formed on the cloth surface, and uneven transverse stripes with randomly changed brightness and darkness, namely uneven randomness, are found in apparent view. The structure with the curling turning points ensures that the 'uneven wale' of the double-component composite fiber knitted fabric is different from the wale on the surface of the common fabric, and because the neat spiral curling direction of each section of yarn on each bundle of filament is randomly changed, the yarn sections between two adjacent paths of yarns have different curling directions to form bulges or depressions, thereby forming random 'strip-shaped uneven'; the problem causes that the two-component composite fiber can not be applied to various knitted products, and the development and application of the two-component composite fiber knitted fabric are seriously restricted.
Therefore, it is very important to develop a bicomponent composite fiber which can avoid the occurrence of random strip shade unevenness when applied to knitted fabrics and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a natural crimped fiber and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem of random 'strip shade shape unevenness' when a double-component composite fiber is applied to a knitted fabric in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of natural crimped fiber, in the course of preparing round and side by side the composite fiber by PET and PTT according to FDY craft, change the spinneret orifice on the spinneret into the trilobal from round, adopt the cooling of the ring blow, and control the trilobal spinneret orifice on the spinneret to arrange and meet certain conditions, make FDY silk, carry on the relaxation heat treatment to FDY silk and get the natural crimped fiber (the spinning pack that the trilobal and side by side the composite fiber preparation of this invention adopts is based on the spinning pack that the round sheath-core composite fiber of prior art preparation, the difference lies in the shape of the spinneret orifice);
trilobal orifices fall into two categories:
the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0: 1.1-1.4: 2.0-2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.5-3.5: 1, and the included angle of the central lines of two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices are characterized in that the ratio of the lengths of the three leaves is 1.0: 1.5-2.0: 2.0-2.5, the two long leaves are not equal in length, the ratio of the widths of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the ratio of the length of the shortest leaf to the width of the shortest leaf is 2.5-3.5: 1, and the included angle between the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of the PET and the PTT when flowing in the guide holes of the respective trilobal orifices are parallel to each other (since the apparent viscosities of the PET and the PTT are close in the guide holes of the trilobal orifices, the contact surfaces of the two are approximately flat).
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for naturally curling fibers, which extrudes a PET melt and a PTT melt from two asymmetric trilobal spinneret orifices on the same spinneret plate according to an FDY process, wherein in the parallel composite spinning of the invention, contact surfaces of the PET melt and the PTT melt when flowing in guide holes of the trilobal spinneret orifices are mutually parallel (the apparent viscosities of the PET melt and the PTT melt are close, and the contact surfaces of the PET melt and the PTT melt are approximately planes), and a boundary line is formed between the two different melts, and the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate meets the requirement that' a horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate is taken as a reference line, the anticlockwise rotation direction is taken as positive, the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first trilobal spinneret orifice and the reference line is 15 or-30, and the number of the trilobal orifices with two included angles is equal; the angle between the central line of the shortest leaf of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 or-30, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with two angles are equal in number, so that monofilaments extruded from different spinneret orifices on the same spinneret plate are different, wherein the difference is as follows: in the spinning process, the spinning pressure and the melt mass ratio are constant, the mass ratio of the melt in each spinneret hole is the same, but because the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf in the trefoil and the intersection line of different melts in the guide hole is different, the contact surface area of different melts in different monofilaments is different (namely, an imaginary line intersecting with the trefoil is made, the trefoil is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, the other part corresponds to PTT, and the contact surface size of the two parts is different on the cross section), so that after the fibers are subjected to heat treatment, the PET/PTT parallel composite fibers have a three-dimensional curling form due to the difference of the thermal shrinkage rates of the PET and the PTT, and the curling directions of the monofilaments in the composite fibers are randomly distributed, thereby breaking the problem that the PET/PTT parallel composite fibers in the prior art form neat left and right spiral forms, further solves the problem of uneven stripe shade of the knitted fabric made of PET/PTT side-by-side type composite fiber.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the preparation method of the natural crimped fiber, the mass ratio of PET to PTT is 50: 50.
According to the preparation method of the natural crimped fiber, the intrinsic viscosity of PET is 0.50-0.58 dL/g, and the temperature of a spinning manifold corresponding to the PET is 280-285 ℃; the intrinsic viscosity of the PTT is 0.97-1.15 dL/g, and the temperature of a spinning box corresponding to the PTT is 270-275 ℃. In order to ensure that the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of each trilobal spinneret orifice, the two components are extruded from the same spinneret orifice to ensure the same flowing state, namely the apparent viscosity of the melt is close; the apparent viscosities of PET and PTT can be adjusted through temperature, the invention can be matched with the intrinsic viscosity (0.50-0.58 dL/g) of a PET melt and the intrinsic viscosity (0.97-1.15 dL/g) of a PTT melt by reasonably setting the spinning box temperature and the spinning temperature corresponding to the PET and the PTT, the PET adopts high-temperature melting and low-temperature spinning, and the PTT adopts low-temperature melting and high-temperature spinning, so that the degradation of the PTT can be reduced, although the temperature difference of the two components in the box body is larger, the two components enter the same composite component to carry out heat exchange, the temperature of the PET component is reduced, the temperature of the PTT component is increased, so that the apparent viscosities of the two components extruded from a spinneret orifice are close to the same, and the smooth proceeding of the spinning can be ensured.
According to the preparation method of the natural crimped fiber, the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 274-277 ℃, the cooling temperature is 20-25 ℃, the network pressure is 0.20-0.30 MPa, the one-roll speed is 2000-2200 m/min, the one-roll temperature is 75-85 ℃, the two-roll speed is 3300-3600 m/min, the two-roll temperature is 125-130 ℃, and the winding speed is 3230-3510 m/min.
According to the preparation method of the natural crimped fiber, the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment is 90-120 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min.
The invention also provides a natural crimped fiber prepared by the preparation method of the natural crimped fiber, which has a three-dimensional crimped shape and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the natural crimped fiber has a crimp shrinkage of 51-53%, a crimp stability of 83-86%, a shrinkage elongation of 93-98%, and a crimp elastic recovery of 95-96%.
The natural crimped fiber has breaking strength of not less than 2.8cN/dtex, elongation at break of 43.0 +/-3.0% and filament fineness of 0.7-2.0 dtex.
Preparing the prepared natural crimped fiber into a knitted fabric, and testing the uneven condition of the shade of the knitted fabric, wherein the testing process comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a knitted fabric image, converting the knitted fabric image into a gray image, then performing first processing and second processing on the gray image, and calculating a parameter D, and representing the uneven degree of the strip shadow shape by using the parameter D, wherein the gray image comprises a strip shadow area, a high gray value area of a non-strip shadow area and a low gray value area of the non-strip shadow area; the first processing is to change the pixel points of the high gray value area of the non-strip shadow area in the gray image into pure white points; the second processing is to change the pixel points of the low gray value area of the non-shadow area in the gray image into pure white points; the calculation formula of the parameter D is as follows: d ═ Σ B/a, where Σ B represents the number of pixels having a gray scale value of 0 in the grayscale image, and a represents the total number of pixels in the grayscale image.
If the D value is more than or equal to 3%, the strip shade unevenness can be judged to appear, and if the D value is more than or equal to 10%, the strip shade unevenness can be judged to appear seriously. The test results of the knitted fabric made of the natural crimped fiber of the present invention are as follows: the D value of the knitted fabric made of the natural crimped fibers is less than or equal to 1.0 percent; this indicates that the knitted fabric made of the natural crimped fiber of the present invention does not have the problem of "uneven stripe shape".
Has the advantages that:
(1) the preparation method of the natural crimped fiber has the advantages of simple process, low cost and suitability for popularization;
(2) the preparation method of the natural crimped fiber well solves the problem of random 'uneven strip shade' when the double-component composite fiber is applied to knitted fabrics in the prior art;
(3) the natural crimped fiber prepared by the invention has good elasticity and excellent comprehensive performance.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of two types of trilobal orifices of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of two types of trilobal orifices of the present invention on the same spinneret.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The crimp shrinkage and crimp stability of the invention are obtained by testing the tow in GB6506-2001 synthetic fiber textured yarn crimp performance test method;
the method for testing the shrinkage elongation (reflecting the elasticity and the crimp degree of the deformed filament, the fiber is firstly loaded under light load and then loaded under heavy load, and the ratio of the length difference value under the two loads to the crimp length) and the crimp elastic recovery rate is as follows:
firstly, cutting two fiber samples with the length of about 50cm, putting the two fiber samples into hot water with the temperature of 100 ℃ for treatment for 30min, taking out the two fiber samples, naturally drying the two fiber samples, then cutting the sample with the length of about 30cm, fixing one end of the sample, loading a load of 0.0018cN/dtex on the other end of the sample, continuing for 30s, marking the sample at the position of 20cm, and obtaining the initial length l of the sample1(ii) a Then, the load of 0.09cN/dtex is loaded for 30s, and the position of the mark point is measured, namely the length l when the sample is loaded with heavy load2(ii) a Finally, removing the heavy load, retracting the sample for 2min without load, then adding the load of 0.0018cN/dtex, continuing for 30s, and measuring the position of the mark point on the scale, namely the recovery length l3(ii) a The percent elongation at Compression (CE) and the elastic recovery from crimp (SR) are calculated as follows:
CE＝(l2-l1)/l1；
SR＝(l2-l3)/(l2-l1)。
the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices and the distribution of the trilobal spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate are shown in the attached drawings 1-3, the ratio of the length of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0: 1.1-1.4: 2.0-2.5, the ratio of the width of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the ratio of the length of the shortest leaf to the width of the shortest leaf is 2.5-3.5: 1, and the included angle of the central lines of two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices are characterized in that the ratio of the lengths of the three leaves is 1.0: 1.5-2.0: 2.0-2.5, the two long leaves are not equal in length, the ratio of the widths of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the ratio of the length of the shortest leaf to the width of the shortest leaf is 2.5-3.5: 1, and the included angle between the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of trilobal orifices of both types is equal. The drawings are only schematic and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber, in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.5dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 0.97dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to FDY technology, the spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into trilobal from circular, circular air blow cooling is adopted, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet certain conditions, FDY silk is prepared, and the FDY silk is subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.1:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.5:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.5:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.5:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 280 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 270 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 274 ℃, the cooling temperature is 20 ℃, the network pressure is 0.2MPa, the speed of one roller is 2000m/min, the temperature of one roller is 75 ℃, the speed of two rollers is 3300m/min, the temperature of two rollers is 125 ℃, and the winding speed is 3230 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment is 90 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 51%, a crimp stability of 83%, a shrinkage elongation of 93%, a crimp elastic recovery of 95%, a breaking strength of 2.8cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 46%, and a single fiber fineness of 0.7 dtex.
Example 2
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber is characterized in that in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by using PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.53dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.08dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to an FDY (fully drawn yarn) process, spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into a trilobal shape from a circle, circular air blowing is adopted for cooling, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet a certain condition, FDY (fully drawn yarn) filaments are prepared, and the FDY filaments are subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.1:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.9:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.8:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.7:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 280 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 270 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 274 ℃, the cooling temperature is 20 ℃, the network pressure is 0.21MPa, the speed of one roller is 2023m/min, the temperature of one roller is 77 ℃, the speed of two rollers is 3410m/min, the temperature of two rollers is 125 ℃, and the winding speed is 3253 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment is 90 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 51%, a crimp stability of 83%, a shrinkage elongation of 95%, a crimp elastic recovery of 95%, a breaking strength of 2.9cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 45.7%, and a single-fiber fineness of 0.9 dtex.
Example 3
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber is characterized in that in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.51dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 0.97dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to an FDY (fully drawn yarn) process, spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into a trilobal shape from a circle, circular air blowing is adopted for cooling, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet certain conditions, FDY silk is prepared, and the FDY silk is subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.1:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.8:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.5:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.8:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 281 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 271 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 275 ℃, the cooling temperature is 20 ℃, the network pressure is 0.22MPa, the speed of one roller is 2071m/min, the temperature of one roller is 77 ℃, the speed of two rollers is 3427m/min, the temperature of two rollers is 127 ℃, and the winding speed is 3303 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment is 90 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 51%, a crimp stability of 84%, a shrinkage elongation of 96%, a crimp elastic recovery of 95%, a breaking strength of 2.9cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 45.6%, and a single-fiber fineness of 1.55 dtex.
Example 4
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber is characterized in that in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.52dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.01dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to an FDY (fully drawn yarn) process, spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into a trilobal shape from a circle, circular blowing air is adopted for cooling, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet certain conditions, FDY silk is prepared, and the FDY silk is subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.4:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.8:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.6:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.8:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 283 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 272 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 276 ℃, the cooling temperature is 21 ℃, the network pressure is 0.23MPa, the speed of one roller is 2124m/min, the temperature of one roller is 77 ℃, the speed of two rollers is 3431m/min, the temperature of two rollers is 128 ℃, and the winding speed is 3376 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment was 94 ℃ and the time was 29 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 51%, a crimp stability of 84%, a shrinkage elongation of 97%, a crimp elastic recovery of 95%, a breaking strength of 3cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 45.5%, and a single-fiber fineness of 1.89 dtex.
Example 5
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber, in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.55dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.14dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to FDY technology, the spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into trilobal from circular, circular air blow cooling is adopted, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet certain conditions, FDY silk is prepared, and the FDY silk is subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.4:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.7:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.6:2.0, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.9:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 283 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 274 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 277 ℃, the cooling temperature is 21 ℃, the network pressure is 0.24MPa, the speed of one roller is 2131m/min, the temperature of one roller is 80 ℃, the speed of two rollers is 3448m/min, the temperature of two rollers is 129 ℃, and the winding speed is 3412 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment was 94 ℃ and the time was 26 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 52%, a crimp stability of 84%, a shrinkage elongation of 97%, a crimp elastic recovery of 96%, a breaking strength of 3cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 43.9%, and a single-fiber fineness of 1.9 dtex.
Example 6
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber, in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.58dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.13dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to FDY technology, the spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into trilobal from circular, circular air blow cooling is adopted, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet certain conditions, FDY silk is prepared, and the FDY silk is subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.4:2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.9:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:2.0:2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.9:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 285 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 274 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 277 ℃, the cooling temperature is 22 ℃, the network pressure is 0.25MPa, the speed of one roller is 2153m/min, the temperature of one roller is 83 ℃, the speed of two rollers is 3544m/min, the temperature of two rollers is 130 ℃, and the winding speed is 3472 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment was 106 ℃ for 23 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 52%, a crimp stability of 85%, a shrinkage elongation of 98%, a crimp elastic recovery of 96%, a breaking strength of 3cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 43.7%, and a single-fiber fineness of 0.85 dtex.
Example 7
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber is characterized in that in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by using PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.56dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.11dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to an FDY (fully drawn yarn) process, spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into a trilobal shape from a circle, circular air blowing is adopted for cooling, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet a certain condition, FDY (fully drawn yarn) filaments are prepared, and the FDY filaments are subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.4:2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 3.0:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.8:2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 3.0:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 285 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 275 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 277 ℃, the cooling temperature is 23 ℃, the network pressure is 0.28MPa, the speed of a roller is 2199m/min, the temperature of a roller is 84 ℃, the speed of a roller is 3582m/min, the temperature of the roller is 130 ℃, and the winding speed is 3492 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment was 109 ℃ and the time was 21 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 52%, a crimp stability of 86%, a shrinkage elongation of 98%, a crimp elastic recovery of 96%, a breaking strength of 3.1cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 41.7%, and a single-fiber fineness of 1.55 dtex.
Example 8
A preparation method of natural crimped fiber is characterized in that in the process of preparing circular and parallel composite fiber by PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.58dL/g) and PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.15dL/g) with the mass ratio of 50:50 according to an FDY (fully drawn yarn) process, spinneret holes on a spinneret plate are changed into a trilobal shape from a circle, circular air blowing is adopted for cooling, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret holes on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet certain conditions, FDY (fully drawn yarn) filaments are prepared, and the FDY filaments are subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain the natural crimped fiber;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories: the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.4:2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio of the shortest leaf is 3.5:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees; the length ratio of three leaves of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0:1.5:2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 3.5:1, and the included angle of the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 285 ℃, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PTT is 275 ℃;
the parameters of the FDY process are as follows: the spinning temperature is 277 ℃, the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the network pressure is 0.3MPa, the one-roller speed is 2200m/min, the one-roller temperature is 85 ℃, the two-roller speed is 3600m/min, the two-roller temperature is 130 ℃, and the winding speed is 3510 m/min;
the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment is 120 deg.C, and the time is 20 min.
The finally prepared natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and consists of a plurality of PET/PTT parallel composite monofilaments with trilobal cross sections, an imaginary line intersecting the trilobal is made, the trilobal is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT; the natural crimped fiber had a crimp contraction rate of 53%, a crimp stability of 86%, a shrinkage elongation of 98%, a crimp elastic recovery of 96%, a breaking strength of 3.1cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 40%, and a single fiber fineness of 2 dtex.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of natural crimped fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the process of preparing circular parallel composite fibers from PET and PTT according to the FDY process, the spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate are changed into trilobal from circular, circular air blowing is adopted for cooling, the arrangement of the trilobal spinneret orifices on the spinneret plate is controlled to meet certain conditions, FDY filaments are prepared, and the FDY filaments are subjected to relaxation heat treatment to obtain natural crimped fibers;
trilobal orifices fall into two categories:
the length ratio of three leaves of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices is 1.0: 1.1-1.4: 2.0-2.5, the width ratio of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1.5:1, the length ratio of the shortest leaf to the width ratio is 2.5-3.5: 1, and the included angle of the central lines of two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices are characterized in that the ratio of the lengths of the three leaves is 1.0: 1.5-2.0: 2.0-2.5, the two long leaves are not equal in length, the ratio of the widths of the corresponding three leaves is 1.5:1:1, the ratio of the length of the shortest leaf to the width of the shortest leaf is 2.5-3.5: 1, and the included angle between the central lines of the two adjacent leaves is 120 degrees;
the certain conditions are as follows: taking any horizontal line passing through the center of the spinneret plate as a datum line, taking the anticlockwise rotating direction as positive, wherein the included angle between the center line of the longest leaf of the first type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the datum line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the number of the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles is equal; the included angle between the central line of the shortest blade of the second type of trilobal spinneret orifices and the reference line is 15 degrees or-30 degrees, and the trilobal spinneret orifices with the two included angles are equal in number; the number of the two types of trilobal spinneret orifices is equal;
the contact surfaces of PET and PTT are parallel to each other when flowing in the guide holes of the trefoil spinneret orifices;
the natural crimped fiber has a three-dimensional crimped shape, and the crimping directions of monofilaments in the natural crimped fiber are randomly distributed;
the D value of the knitted fabric made of the natural crimped fibers is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of PET to PTT is 50: 50.
3. The method for preparing natural crimped fiber according to claim 2, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of PET is 0.50-0.58 dL/g, and the temperature of the spinning beam corresponding to PET is 280-285 ℃; the intrinsic viscosity of the PTT is 0.97-1.15 dL/g, and the temperature of a spinning box corresponding to the PTT is 270-275 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a naturally crimped fiber according to claim 3, wherein the FDY process has the parameters: the spinning temperature is 274-277 ℃, the cooling temperature is 20-25 ℃, the network pressure is 0.20-0.30 MPa, the one-roll speed is 2000-2200 m/min, the one-roll temperature is 75-85 ℃, the two-roll speed is 3300-3600 m/min, the two-roll temperature is 125-130 ℃, and the winding speed is 3230-3510 m/min.
5. The method for preparing a natural crimp fiber according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the relaxation heat treatment is 90 to 120 ℃ and the time is 20 to 30 min.
6. The naturally crimped fiber produced by the method for producing a naturally crimped fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the trefoil shape is divided into two parallel parts by the imaginary line, one part corresponds to PET, and the other part corresponds to PTT.
7. The naturally crimped fiber according to claim 6, wherein the naturally crimped fiber has a crimp contraction rate of 51 to 53%, a crimp stability of 83 to 86%, a shrinkage elongation of 93 to 98%, and a crimp elastic recovery of 95 to 96%.
8. The natural crimped fiber according to claim 6, wherein the natural crimped fiber has a breaking strength of not less than 2.8cN/dtex, an elongation at break of 43.0 ± 3.0%, and a single-fiber fineness of 0.7 to 2.0 dtex.
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